#1
(defun mysl (s)
    (declare (simple-string s))
    (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
    (let ((c 0))
      (declare (fixnum c))
      (dotimes (i (length s))
        (when (eql (aref s i) #\1)
          (incf c)))
      c))

* On X86 I is represented as a tagged integer.

* Unnecessary move:
  3: SLOT S!11[EDX] {SB-C::VECTOR-LENGTH 1 7} => t23[EAX]
  4: MOVE t23[EAX] => t24[EBX]

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#2
(defun quux (v)
  (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (space 2) (debug 0)))
  (declare (type (simple-array double-float 1) v))
  (let ((s 0d0))
    (declare (type double-float s))
    (dotimes (i (length v))
      (setq s (+ s (aref v i))))
    s))

* Python does not combine + with AREF, so generates extra move and
  allocates a register.

* On X86 Python thinks that all FP registers are directly accessible
  and emits costy MOVE ... => FR1.

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#3
(defun bar (n)
  (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (space 2))
           (type fixnum n))
  (let ((v (make-list n)))
    (setq v (make-array n))
    (length v)))

* IR1 does not optimize away (MAKE-LIST N).
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#4
(defun bar (v1 v2)
  (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (space 2))
           (type (simple-array base-char 1) v1 v2))
  (dotimes (i (length v1))
    (setf (aref v2 i) (aref v1 i))))

VOP DATA-VECTOR-SET/SIMPLE-STRING V2!14[EDI] t32[EAX] t30[S2]>t33[CL]
                                  => t34[S2]<t35[AL] 
        MOV     #<TN t33[CL]>, #<TN t30[S2]>
        MOV     BYTE PTR [EDI+EAX+1], #<TN t33[CL]>
        MOV     #<TN t35[AL]>, #<TN t33[CL]>
        MOV     #<TN t34[S2]>, #<TN t35[AL]>

* The value of DATA-VECTOR-SET is not used, so there is no need in the
  last two moves.

* And why two moves?
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#6
09:49:05 <jtra> I have found a case in those where suboptimal code is
  generate with nested loops, it might be moderately easy to fix that
09:49:28 <jtra> see
  http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/nestedloop/nestedloop.cmucl
09:50:30 <jtra> if you add declarations to dotimes, generated code is
  almost optimal, but most inner loops run out of registers and use
  memory location for iteration variable

;;; -*- mode: lisp -*-
;;; http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
;;; from Friedrich Dominicus

(defun main ()
  (let ((n (parse-integer (or (car (last extensions:*command-line-strings*)) "1")))
        (x 0))
    (declare (fixnum n)
             (fixnum x)
             (optimize (speed 3) (debug 0) (safety 0)))
    (dotimes (a n)
      (dotimes (b n)
        (dotimes (c n)
          (dotimes (d n)
            (dotimes (e n)
              (dotimes (f n)
                (incf x)))))))
   (format t "~A~%" x)))
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#8
(defun foo (d)
  (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
  (declare (type (double-float 0d0 1d0) d))
  (loop for i fixnum from 1 to 5
        for x1 double-float = (sin d) ;;; !!!
        do (loop for j fixnum from 1 to 4
                 sum x1 double-float)))

Without the marked declaration Python will use boxed representation for X1.

This is equivalent to

(let ((x nil))
  (setq x 0d0)
  ;; use of X as DOUBLE-FLOAT
)

The initial binding is effectless, and without it X is of type
DOUBLE-FLOAT. Unhopefully, IR1 does not optimize away effectless
SETs/bindings, and IR2 does not perform type inference.
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#9 "Multi-path constant folding"
(defun foo (x)
  (if (= (cond ((irgh x) 0)
               ((buh x) 1)
               (t 2))
         0)
      :yes
      :no))

This code could be optimized to

(defun foo (x)
  (cond ((irgh x) :yes)
        ((buh x) :no)
        (t :no)))
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#11
(inverted variant of #9)

(lambda (x)
  (let ((y (sap-alien x c-string)))
    (list (alien-sap y)
          (alien-sap y))))

It could be optimized to

(lambda (x) (list x x))

(if Y were used only once, the current compiler would optimize it)
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#12
(typep (truly-the (simple-array * (*)) x) 'simple-vector)

tests lowtag.
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#13
FAST-+/FIXNUM and similar should accept unboxed arguments in interests
of representation selection. Problem: inter-TN dependencies.
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#14
The derived type of (/ (THE (DOUBLE-FLOAT (0D0)) X) (THE (DOUBLE-FLOAT
1D0) Y)) is (DOUBLE-FLOAT 0.0d0). While it might be reasonable, it is
better to derive (OR (MEMBER 0.0d0) (DOUBLE-FLOAT (0.0d0))).
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#15
On the alpha, the system is reluctant to refer directly to a constant bignum,
preferring to load a large constant through a slow sequence of instructions,
then cons up a bignum for it:

(LAMBDA (A)
  (DECLARE (OPTIMIZE (SAFETY 1) (SPEED 3) (DEBUG 1))
           (TYPE (INTEGER -10000 10000) A)
           (IGNORABLE A))
  (CASE A
    ((89 125 16) (ASH A (MIN 18 -706)))
    (T (DPB -3 (BYTE 30 30) -1))))
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