X-Git-Url: http://repo.macrolet.net/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lispstrack.lisp;h=6150d86a7638c3214e617ef7c873c769303204d0;hb=d46de145191d4d4bc1b4759a6d49c0daf6e57c33;hp=1b2b79de86df7c4d5d3feaa009b5c3db1655f987;hpb=5c045e769548bec80d6270a21f47d3d411e69080;p=jscl.git

diff --git a/lispstrack.lisp b/lispstrack.lisp
index 1b2b79d..6150d86 100644
--- a/lispstrack.lisp
+++ b/lispstrack.lisp
@@ -1,3 +1,195 @@
+;;; lispstrack.lisp ---
+
+;; Copyright (C) 2012 David Vazquez
+;; Copyright (C) 2012 Raimon Grau
+
+;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+;; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+;; published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+;; License, or (at your option) any later version.
+;;
+;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+;; General Public License for more details.
+;;
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+;;; This code is executed when lispstrack compiles this file
+;;; itself. The compiler provides compilation of some special forms,
+;;; as well as funcalls and macroexpansion, but no functions. So, we
+;;; define the Lisp world from scratch. This code has to define enough
+;;; language to the compiler to be able to run.
+#+lispstrack
+(progn
+ (eval-when-compile
+   (%compile-defmacro 'defmacro
+                      '(lambda (name args &rest body)
+                        `(eval-when-compile
+                           (%compile-defmacro ',name '(lambda ,args ,@body))))))
+
+ (defmacro %defvar (name value)
+   `(progn
+      (eval-when-compile
+        (%compile-defvar ',name))
+      (setq ,name ,value)))
+
+  (defmacro defvar (name &optional value)
+    `(%defvar ,name ,value))
+
+ (defmacro %defun (name args &rest body)
+   `(progn
+      (eval-when-compile
+        (%compile-defun ',name))
+      (fsetq ,name (lambda ,args ,@body))))
+
+  (defmacro defun (name args &rest body)
+    `(%defun ,name ,args ,@body))
+
+ (defvar *package* (new))
+
+ (defvar nil (make-symbol "NIL"))
+ (set *package* "NIL" nil)
+
+ (defvar t (make-symbol "T"))
+ (set *package* "T" t)
+
+ (defun internp (name)
+   (in name *package*))
+
+ (defun intern (name)
+   (if (internp name)
+       (get *package* name)
+       (set *package* name (make-symbol name))))
+
+ (defun find-symbol (name)
+   (get *package* name))
+
+ ;; Basic functions
+ (defun = (x y) (= x y))
+ (defun + (x y) (+ x y))
+ (defun - (x y) (- x y))
+ (defun * (x y) (* x y))
+ (defun / (x y) (/ x y))
+ (defun 1+ (x) (+ x 1))
+ (defun 1- (x) (- x 1))
+ (defun zerop (x) (= x 0))
+ (defun truncate (x y) (floor (/ x y)))
+
+ (defun eql (x y) (eq x y))
+
+ (defun not (x) (if x nil t))
+
+ (defun cons (x y ) (cons x y))
+ (defun consp (x) (consp x))
+ (defun car (x) (car x))
+ (defun cdr (x) (cdr x))
+ (defun caar (x) (car (car x)))
+ (defun cadr (x) (car (cdr x)))
+ (defun cdar (x) (cdr (car x)))
+ (defun cddr (x) (cdr (cdr x)))
+ (defun caddr (x) (car (cdr (cdr x))))
+ (defun cdddr (x) (cdr (cdr (cdr x))))
+ (defun cadddr (x) (car (cdr (cdr (cdr x)))))
+ (defun first (x) (car x))
+ (defun second (x) (cadr x))
+ (defun third (x) (caddr x))
+ (defun fourth (x) (cadddr x))
+
+ (defun list (&rest args) args)
+ (defun atom (x)
+   (not (consp x)))
+
+ ;; Basic macros
+
+  (defmacro incf (x &optional (delta 1))
+    `(setq ,x (+ ,x ,delta)))
+
+  (defmacro decf (x &optional (delta 1))
+    `(setq ,x (- ,x ,delta)))
+
+ (defmacro push (x place)
+   `(setq ,place (cons ,x ,place)))
+
+ (defmacro when (condition &rest body)
+   `(if ,condition (progn ,@body) nil))
+
+ (defmacro unless (condition &rest body)
+   `(if ,condition nil (progn ,@body)))
+
+ (defmacro dolist (iter &rest body)
+   (let ((var (first iter))
+         (g!list (make-symbol "LIST")))
+     `(let ((,g!list ,(second iter))
+            (,var nil))
+        (while ,g!list
+          (setq ,var (car ,g!list))
+          ,@body
+          (setq ,g!list (cdr ,g!list))))))
+
+ (defmacro cond (&rest clausules)
+   (if (null clausules)
+       nil
+       (if (eq (caar clausules) t)
+           `(progn ,@(cdar clausules))
+           `(if ,(caar clausules)
+                (progn ,@(cdar clausules))
+                (cond ,@(cdr clausules))))))
+
+ (defmacro case (form &rest clausules)
+   (let ((!form (make-symbol "FORM")))
+     `(let ((,!form ,form))
+        (cond
+          ,@(mapcar (lambda (clausule)
+                      (if (eq (car clausule) t)
+                          clausule
+                          `((eql ,!form ,(car clausule))
+                            ,@(cdr clausule))))
+                    clausules)))))
+
+  (defmacro ecase (form &rest clausules)
+    `(case ,form
+       ,@(append
+          clausules
+          `((t
+             (error "ECASE expression failed."))))))
+
+  (defmacro and (&rest forms)
+    (cond
+      ((null forms)
+       t)
+      ((null (cdr forms))
+       (car forms))
+      (t
+       `(if ,(car forms)
+            (and ,@(cdr forms))
+            nil))))
+
+  (defmacro or (&rest forms)
+    (cond
+      ((null forms)
+       nil)
+      ((null (cdr forms))
+       (car forms))
+      (t
+       (let ((g (make-symbol "VAR")))
+         `(let ((,g ,(car forms)))
+            (if ,g ,g (or ,@(cdr forms))))))))
+
+    (defmacro prog1 (form &rest body)
+      (let ((value (make-symbol "VALUE")))
+        `(let ((,value ,form))
+           ,@body
+           ,value))))
+
+;;; This couple of helper functions will be defined in both Common
+;;; Lisp and in Lispstrack.
+(defun ensure-list (x)
+  (if (listp x)
+      x
+      (list x)))
+
 (defun !reduce (func list initial)
   (if (null list)
       initial
@@ -5,8 +197,168 @@
                (cdr list)
                (funcall func initial (car list)))))
 
-;;; Utils
+;;; Go on growing the Lisp language in Lispstrack, with more high
+;;; level utilities as well as correct versions of other
+;;; constructions.
+#+lispstrack
+(progn
+  (defmacro defun (name args &rest body)
+    `(progn
+       (%defun ,name ,args ,@body)
+       ',name))
+
+  (defmacro defvar (name &optional value)
+    `(progn
+       (%defvar ,name ,value)
+       ',name))
+
+  (defun append-two (list1 list2)
+    (if (null list1)
+        list2
+        (cons (car list1)
+              (append (cdr list1) list2))))
+
+  (defun append (&rest lists)
+    (!reduce #'append-two lists '()))
+
+  (defun reverse-aux (list acc)
+    (if (null list)
+        acc
+        (reverse-aux (cdr list) (cons (car list) acc))))
+
+  (defun reverse (list)
+    (reverse-aux list '()))
+
+  (defun list-length (list)
+    (let ((l 0))
+      (while (not (null list))
+        (incf l)
+        (setq list (cdr list)))
+      l))
+
+  (defun length (seq)
+    (if (stringp seq)
+        (string-length seq)
+        (list-length seq)))
+
+  (defun concat-two (s1 s2)
+    (concat-two s1 s2))
+
+  (defun mapcar (func list)
+    (if (null list)
+        '()
+        (cons (funcall func (car list))
+              (mapcar func (cdr list)))))
+
+  (defun code-char (x) x)
+  (defun char-code (x) x)
+  (defun char= (x y) (= x y))
+
+  (defun <= (x y) (or (< x y) (= x y)))
+  (defun >= (x y) (not (< x y)))
+
+  (defun integerp (x)
+    (and (numberp x) (= (floor x) x)))
+
+  (defun plusp (x) (< 0 x))
+  (defun minusp (x) (< x 0))
+
+  (defun listp (x)
+    (or (consp x) (null x)))
+
+  (defun nth (n list)
+    (cond
+      ((null list) list)
+      ((zerop n) (car list))
+      (t (nth (1- n) (cdr list)))))
+
+  (defun last (x)
+    (if (null (cdr x))
+        x
+        (last (cdr x))))
+
+  (defun butlast (x)
+    (if (null (cdr x))
+        nil
+        (cons (car x) (butlast (cdr x)))))
+
+  (defun member (x list)
+    (cond
+      ((null list)
+       nil)
+      ((eql x (car list))
+       list)
+      (t
+       (member x (cdr list)))))
+
+  (defun remove (x list)
+    (cond
+      ((null list)
+       nil)
+      ((eql x (car list))
+       (remove x (cdr list)))
+      (t
+       (cons (car list) (remove x (cdr list))))))
+
+  (defun remove-if (func list)
+    (cond
+      ((null list)
+       nil)
+      ((funcall func (car list))
+       (remove-if func (cdr list)))
+      (t
+       (cons (car list) (remove-if func (cdr list))))))
+
+  (defun remove-if-not (func list)
+    (cond
+      ((null list)
+       nil)
+      ((funcall func (car list))
+       (cons (car list) (remove-if-not func (cdr list))))
+      (t
+       (remove-if-not func (cdr list)))))
+
+  (defun digit-char-p (x)
+    (if (and (<= #\0 x) (<= x #\9))
+        (- x #\0)
+        nil))
+
+  (defun parse-integer (string)
+    (let ((value 0)
+          (index 0)
+          (size (length string)))
+      (while (< index size)
+        (setq value (+ (* value 10) (digit-char-p (char string index))))
+        (incf index))
+      value))
+
+  (defun every (function seq)
+    ;; string
+    (let ((ret t)
+          (index 0)
+          (size (length seq)))
+      (while (and ret (< index size))
+        (unless (funcall function (char seq index))
+          (setq ret nil))
+        (incf index))
+      ret))
+
+  (defun assoc (x alist)
+    (cond
+      ((null alist)
+       nil)
+      ((eql x (caar alist))
+       (car alist))
+      (t
+       (assoc x (cdr alist)))))
+
+  (defun string= (s1 s2)
+    (equal s1 s2)))
 
+
+;;; The compiler offers some primitives and special forms which are
+;;; not found in Common Lisp, for instance, while. So, we grow Common
+;;; Lisp a bit to it can execute the rest of the file.
 #+common-lisp
 (progn
   (defmacro while (condition &body body)
@@ -14,18 +366,31 @@
          ((not ,condition))
        ,@body))
 
+  (defmacro eval-when-compile (&body body)
+    `(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
+       ,@body))
+
   (defun concat-two (s1 s2)
-    (concatenate 'string s1 s2)))
+    (concatenate 'string s1 s2))
+
+  (defun setcar (cons new)
+    (setf (car cons) new))
+  (defun setcdr (cons new)
+    (setf (cdr cons) new)))
+
+
+;;; At this point, no matter if Common Lisp or lispstrack is compiling
+;;; from here, this code will compile on both. We define some helper
+;;; functions now for string manipulation and so on. They will be
+;;; useful in the compiler, mostly.
 
 (defvar *newline* (string (code-char 10)))
 
 (defun concat (&rest strs)
-  (!reduce (lambda (s1 s2) (concat-two s1 s2))
-           strs
-           ""))
+  (!reduce #'concat-two strs ""))
 
 ;;; Concatenate a list of strings, with a separator
-(defun join (list separator)
+(defun join (list &optional (separator ""))
   (cond
     ((null list)
      "")
@@ -36,43 +401,53 @@
              separator
              (join (cdr list) separator)))))
 
-(defun join-trailing (list separator)
+(defun join-trailing (list &optional (separator ""))
   (if (null list)
       ""
       (concat (car list) separator (join-trailing (cdr list) separator))))
 
 (defun integer-to-string (x)
-  (if (zerop x)
-      "0"
-      (let ((digits nil))
-        (while (not (= x 0))
-          (push (mod x 10) digits)
-          (setq x (truncate x 10)))
-        (join (mapcar (lambda (d) (string (char "0123456789" d)))
-                      digits)
-              ""))))
+  (cond
+    ((zerop x)
+     "0")
+    ((minusp x)
+     (concat "-" (integer-to-string (- 0 x))))
+    (t
+     (let ((digits nil))
+       (while (not (zerop x))
+         (push (mod x 10) digits)
+         (setq x (truncate x 10)))
+       (join (mapcar (lambda (d) (string (char "0123456789" d)))
+                     digits))))))
+
+(defun print-to-string (form)
+  (cond
+    ((symbolp form) (symbol-name form))
+    ((integerp form) (integer-to-string form))
+    ((stringp form) (concat "\"" (escape-string form) "\""))
+    ((functionp form) (concat "#<FUNCTION>"))
+    ((listp form)
+     (concat "("
+             (join (mapcar #'print-to-string form)
+                   " ")
+             ")"))))
 
 ;;;; Reader
 
-;;; It is a basic Lisp reader. It does not use advanced stuff
-;;; intentionally, because we want to use it to bootstrap a simple
-;;; Lisp. The main entry point is the function `ls-read', which
-;;; accepts a strings as argument and return the Lisp expression.
+;;; The Lisp reader, parse strings and return Lisp objects. The main
+;;; entry points are `ls-read' and `ls-read-from-string'.
+
 (defun make-string-stream (string)
   (cons string 0))
 
 (defun %peek-char (stream)
-  (if (streamp stream)
-      (peek-char nil stream nil)
-      (and (< (cdr stream) (length (car stream)))
-           (char (car stream) (cdr stream)))))
+  (and (< (cdr stream) (length (car stream)))
+       (char (car stream) (cdr stream))))
 
 (defun %read-char (stream)
-  (if (streamp stream)
-      (read-char stream nil)
-      (and (< (cdr stream) (length (car stream)))
-           (prog1 (char (car stream) (cdr stream))
-             (incf (cdr stream))))))
+  (and (< (cdr stream) (length (car stream)))
+       (prog1 (char (car stream) (cdr stream))
+         (setcdr stream (1+ (cdr stream))))))
 
 (defun whitespacep (ch)
   (or (char= ch #\space) (char= ch #\newline) (char= ch #\tab)))
@@ -101,8 +476,8 @@
   (let (ch)
     (skip-whitespaces stream)
     (setq ch (%peek-char stream))
-    (while (and ch (eql ch #\;))
-      (read-until stream (lambda (x) (eql x #\newline)))
+    (while (and ch (char= ch #\;))
+      (read-until stream (lambda (x) (char= x #\newline)))
       (skip-whitespaces stream)
       (setq ch (%peek-char stream)))))
 
@@ -110,18 +485,58 @@
   (skip-whitespaces-and-comments stream)
   (let ((ch (%peek-char stream)))
     (cond
+      ((null ch)
+       (error "Unspected EOF"))
       ((char= ch #\))
        (%read-char stream)
        nil)
       ((char= ch #\.)
        (%read-char stream)
-       (skip-whitespaces-and-comments stream)
        (prog1 (ls-read stream)
+         (skip-whitespaces-and-comments stream)
          (unless (char= (%read-char stream) #\))
            (error "')' was expected."))))
       (t
        (cons (ls-read stream) (%read-list stream))))))
 
+(defun read-string (stream)
+  (let ((string "")
+        (ch nil))
+    (setq ch (%read-char stream))
+    (while (not (eql ch #\"))
+      (when (null ch)
+        (error "Unexpected EOF"))
+      (when (eql ch #\\)
+        (setq ch (%read-char stream)))
+      (setq string (concat string (string ch)))
+      (setq ch (%read-char stream)))
+    string))
+
+(defun read-sharp (stream)
+  (%read-char stream)
+  (ecase (%read-char stream)
+    (#\'
+     (list 'function (ls-read stream)))
+    (#\\
+     (let ((cname
+            (concat (string (%read-char stream))
+                    (read-until stream #'terminalp))))
+       (cond
+         ((string= cname "space") (char-code #\space))
+         ((string= cname "tab") (char-code #\tab))
+         ((string= cname "newline") (char-code #\newline))
+         (t (char-code (char cname 0))))))
+    (#\+
+     (let ((feature (read-until stream #'terminalp)))
+       (cond
+         ((string= feature "common-lisp")
+          (ls-read stream)              ;ignore
+          (ls-read stream))
+         ((string= feature "lispstrack")
+          (ls-read stream))
+         (t
+          (error "Unknown reader form.")))))))
+
 (defvar *eof* (make-symbol "EOF"))
 (defun ls-read (stream)
   (skip-whitespaces-and-comments stream)
@@ -140,28 +555,14 @@
        (list 'backquote (ls-read stream)))
       ((char= ch #\")
        (%read-char stream)
-       (prog1 (read-until stream (lambda (ch) (char= ch #\")))
-         (%read-char stream)))
+       (read-string stream))
       ((char= ch #\,)
        (%read-char stream)
        (if (eql (%peek-char stream) #\@)
            (progn (%read-char stream) (list 'unquote-splicing (ls-read stream)))
            (list 'unquote (ls-read stream))))
       ((char= ch #\#)
-       (%read-char stream)
-       (ecase (%read-char stream)
-         (#\'
-          (list 'function (ls-read stream)))
-         (#\+
-          (let ((feature (read-until stream #'terminalp)))
-            (cond
-              ((string= feature "common-lisp")
-               (ls-read stream);ignore
-               (ls-read stream))
-              ((string= feature "lispstrack")
-               (ls-read stream))
-              (t
-               (error "Unknown reader form.")))))))
+       (read-sharp stream))
       (t
        (let ((string (read-until stream #'terminalp)))
          (if (every #'digit-char-p string)
@@ -174,127 +575,242 @@
 
 ;;;; Compiler
 
-(let ((counter 0))
-  (defun make-var-binding (symbol)
-    (cons symbol (concat "v" (integer-to-string (incf counter))))))
+;;; Translate the Lisp code to Javascript. It will compile the special
+;;; forms. Some primitive functions are compiled as special forms
+;;; too. The respective real functions are defined in the target (see
+;;; the beginning of this file) as well as some primitive functions.
 
-(let ((counter 0))
-  (defun make-func-binding (symbol)
-    (cons symbol (concat "f" (integer-to-string (incf counter))))))
+(defvar *compilation-unit-checks* '())
 
-(defvar *compilations* nil)
-
-(defun ls-compile-block (sexps env fenv)
-  (join-trailing (mapcar (lambda (x)
-                           (ls-compile x env fenv))
-                         sexps)
-                 ";
-"))
+(defvar *env* '())
+(defvar *fenv* '())
 
-(defun extend-env (args env)
-  (append (mapcar #'make-var-binding args) env))
+(defun make-binding (name type js declared)
+  (list name type js declared))
 
-(defparameter *env* '())
-(defparameter *fenv* '())
+(defun binding-name (b) (first b))
+(defun binding-type (b) (second b))
+(defun binding-translation (b) (third b))
+(defun binding-declared (b)
+  (and b (fourth b)))
+(defun mark-binding-as-declared (b)
+  (setcar (cdddr b) t))
 
-(defun lookup (symbol env)
-  (let ((binding (assoc symbol env)))
-    (and binding (cdr binding))))
+(defvar *variable-counter* 0)
+(defun gvarname (symbol)
+  (concat "v" (integer-to-string (incf *variable-counter*))))
 
 (defun lookup-variable (symbol env)
-  (or (lookup symbol env)
-      (lookup symbol *env*)
-      (error "Undefined variable `~a'"  symbol)))
-
+  (or (assoc symbol env)
+      (assoc symbol *env*)
+      (let ((name (symbol-name symbol))
+            (binding (make-binding symbol 'variable (gvarname symbol) nil)))
+        (push binding *env*)
+        (push (lambda ()
+                (unless (binding-declared (assoc symbol *env*))
+                  (error (concat "Undefined variable `" name "'"))))
+              *compilation-unit-checks*)
+        binding)))
+
+(defun lookup-variable-translation (symbol env)
+  (binding-translation (lookup-variable symbol env)))
+
+(defun extend-local-env (args env)
+  (append (mapcar (lambda (symbol)
+                    (make-binding symbol 'variable (gvarname symbol) t))
+                  args)
+          env))
+
+(defvar *function-counter* 0)
 (defun lookup-function (symbol env)
-  (or (lookup symbol env)
-      (lookup symbol *fenv*)
-      (error "Undefined function `~a'"  symbol)))
+  (or (assoc symbol env)
+      (assoc symbol *fenv*)
+      (let ((name (symbol-name symbol))
+            (binding
+             (make-binding symbol
+                           'function
+                           (concat "f" (integer-to-string (incf *function-counter*)))
+                           nil)))
+        (push binding *fenv*)
+        (push (lambda ()
+                (unless (binding-declared (assoc symbol *fenv*))
+                  (error (concat "Undefined function `" name "'"))))
+              *compilation-unit-checks*)
+        binding)))
+
+(defun lookup-function-translation (symbol env)
+  (binding-translation (lookup-function symbol env)))
+
+(defvar *toplevel-compilations* nil)
+
+(defun %compile-defvar (name)
+  (let ((b (lookup-variable name *env*)))
+    (mark-binding-as-declared b)
+    (push (concat "var " (binding-translation b)) *toplevel-compilations*)))
+
+(defun %compile-defun (name)
+  (let ((b (lookup-function name *env*)))
+    (mark-binding-as-declared b)
+    (push (concat "var " (binding-translation b)) *toplevel-compilations*)))
+
+(defun %compile-defmacro (name lambda)
+  (push (make-binding name 'macro lambda t) *fenv*))
 
-(defmacro define-compilation (name args &body body)
+(defvar *compilations* nil)
+
+(defun ls-compile-block (sexps env fenv)
+  (join-trailing
+   (remove-if (lambda (x)
+                (or (null x)
+                    (and (stringp x)
+                         (zerop (length x)))))
+              (mapcar (lambda (x) (ls-compile x env fenv))  sexps))
+   (concat ";" *newline*)))
+
+(defmacro define-compilation (name args &rest body)
   ;; Creates a new primitive `name' with parameters args and
   ;; @body. The body can access to the local environment through the
   ;; variable ENV.
   `(push (list ',name (lambda (env fenv ,@args) ,@body))
          *compilations*))
 
-(defvar *toplevel-compilations*)
-
 (define-compilation if (condition true false)
   (concat "("
-          (ls-compile condition env fenv) " == undefined"
+          (ls-compile condition env fenv) " !== " (ls-compile nil nil nil)
           " ? "
           (ls-compile true env fenv)
           " : "
           (ls-compile false env fenv)
           ")"))
 
-;;; Return the required args of a lambda list
-(defun lambda-list-required-argument (lambda-list)
-  (if (or (null lambda-list) (eq (car lambda-list) '&rest))
+
+(defvar *lambda-list-keywords* '(&optional &rest))
+
+(defun list-until-keyword (list)
+  (if (or (null list) (member (car list) *lambda-list-keywords*))
       nil
-      (cons (car lambda-list) (lambda-list-required-argument (cdr lambda-list)))))
+      (cons (car list) (list-until-keyword (cdr list)))))
+
+(defun lambda-list-required-arguments (lambda-list)
+  (list-until-keyword lambda-list))
+
+(defun lambda-list-optional-arguments-with-default (lambda-list)
+  (mapcar #'ensure-list (list-until-keyword (cdr (member '&optional lambda-list)))))
+
+(defun lambda-list-optional-arguments (lambda-list)
+  (mapcar #'car (lambda-list-optional-arguments-with-default lambda-list)))
 
 (defun lambda-list-rest-argument (lambda-list)
-  (second (member '&rest lambda-list)))
+  (let ((rest (list-until-keyword (cdr (member '&rest lambda-list)))))
+    (when (cdr rest)
+      (error "Bad lambda-list"))
+    (car rest)))
 
 (define-compilation lambda (lambda-list &rest body)
-  (let ((required-arguments (lambda-list-required-argument lambda-list))
+  (let ((required-arguments (lambda-list-required-arguments lambda-list))
+        (optional-arguments (lambda-list-optional-arguments lambda-list))
         (rest-argument (lambda-list-rest-argument lambda-list)))
-    (let ((new-env (extend-env (append (if rest-argument (list rest-argument))
-                                       required-arguments)
-                               env)))
+    (let ((n-required-arguments (length required-arguments))
+          (n-optional-arguments (length optional-arguments))
+          (new-env (extend-local-env
+                    (append (ensure-list rest-argument)
+                            required-arguments
+                            optional-arguments)
+                    env)))
       (concat "(function ("
-              (join (mapcar (lambda (x) (lookup-variable x new-env))
-                            required-arguments)
+              (join (mapcar (lambda (x)
+                              (lookup-variable-translation x new-env))
+                            (append required-arguments optional-arguments))
                     ",")
-              "){"
-              *newline*
+              "){" *newline*
+              ;; Check number of arguments
+              (if required-arguments
+                  (concat "if (arguments.length < " (integer-to-string n-required-arguments)
+                          ") throw 'too few arguments';" *newline*)
+                  "")
+              (if (not rest-argument)
+                  (concat "if (arguments.length > "
+                          (integer-to-string (+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))
+                          ") throw 'too many arguments';" *newline*)
+                  "")
+              ;; Optional arguments
+              (if optional-arguments
+                  (concat "switch(arguments.length){" *newline*
+                          (let ((optional-and-defaults
+                                 (lambda-list-optional-arguments-with-default lambda-list))
+                                (cases nil)
+                                (idx 0))
+                            (progn (while (< idx n-optional-arguments)
+                                     (let ((arg (nth idx optional-and-defaults)))
+                                       (push (concat "case "
+                                                     (integer-to-string (+ idx n-required-arguments)) ":" *newline*
+                                                     (lookup-variable-translation (car arg) new-env)
+                                                     "="
+                                                     (ls-compile (cadr arg) new-env fenv)
+                                                     ";" *newline*)
+                                             cases)
+                                       (incf idx)))
+                                   (push (concat "default: break;" *newline*) cases)
+                                   (join (reverse cases))))
+                          "}" *newline*)
+                  "")
+              ;; &rest argument
               (if rest-argument
-                  (concat "var " (lookup-variable rest-argument new-env) ";" *newline*
-                          "for (var i = arguments.length-1; i>="
-                          (integer-to-string (length required-arguments))
-                          "; i--)" *newline*
-                          (lookup-variable rest-argument new-env) " = "
-                          "{car: arguments[i], cdr: " (lookup-variable rest-argument new-env) "};"
-                          *newline*)
+                  (let ((js!rest (lookup-variable-translation rest-argument new-env)))
+                    (concat "var " js!rest "= " (ls-compile nil env fenv) ";" *newline*
+                            "for (var i = arguments.length-1; i>="
+                            (integer-to-string (+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))
+                            "; i--)" *newline*
+                            js!rest " = "
+                            "{car: arguments[i], cdr: " js!rest "};"
+                            *newline*))
                   "")
+              ;; Body
               (concat (ls-compile-block (butlast body) new-env fenv)
                       "return " (ls-compile (car (last body)) new-env fenv) ";")
-              *newline*
-              "})"))))
+              *newline* "})"))))
 
 (define-compilation fsetq (var val)
-  (concat (lookup-function var fenv)
+  (concat (lookup-function-translation var fenv)
           " = "
           (ls-compile val env fenv)))
 
 (define-compilation setq (var val)
-  (concat (lookup-variable var env)
+  (concat (lookup-variable-translation var env)
           " = "
            (ls-compile val env fenv)))
 
-
 ;;; Literals
+(defun escape-string (string)
+  (let ((output "")
+        (index 0)
+        (size (length string)))
+    (while (< index size)
+      (let ((ch (char string index)))
+        (when (or (char= ch #\") (char= ch #\\))
+          (setq output (concat output "\\")))
+        (when (or (char= ch #\newline))
+          (setq output (concat output "\\"))
+          (setq ch #\n))
+        (setq output (concat output (string ch))))
+      (incf index))
+    output))
 
 (defun literal->js (sexp)
   (cond
-    ((null sexp) "unspecified")
     ((integerp sexp) (integer-to-string sexp))
-    ((stringp sexp) (concat "\"" sexp "\""))
-    ((symbolp sexp) (concat "{name: \"" (symbol-name sexp) "\"}"))
+    ((stringp sexp) (concat "\"" (escape-string sexp) "\""))
+    ((symbolp sexp) (ls-compile `(intern ,(escape-string (symbol-name sexp))) *env* *fenv*))
     ((consp sexp) (concat "{car: "
                           (literal->js (car sexp))
                           ", cdr: "
 			  (literal->js (cdr sexp)) "}"))))
 
-(let ((counter 0))
-  (defun literal (form)
-    (if (null form)
-        (literal->js form)
-        (let ((var (concat "l" (integer-to-string (incf counter)))))
-          (push (concat "var " var " = " (literal->js form)) *toplevel-compilations*)
-          var))))
+(defvar *literal-counter* 0)
+(defun literal (form)
+  (let ((var (concat "l" (integer-to-string (incf *literal-counter*)))))
+    (push (concat "var " var " = " (literal->js form)) *toplevel-compilations*)
+    var))
 
 (define-compilation quote (sexp)
   (literal sexp))
@@ -304,7 +820,7 @@
 
 (define-compilation while (pred &rest body)
   (concat "(function(){ while("
-          (ls-compile pred env fenv)
+          (ls-compile pred env fenv) " !== " (ls-compile nil nil nil)
           "){"
           (ls-compile-block body env fenv)
           "}})()"))
@@ -314,27 +830,26 @@
     ((and (listp x) (eq (car x) 'lambda))
      (ls-compile x env fenv))
     ((symbolp x)
-     (lookup-function x fenv))))
-
-#+common-lisp
-(defmacro eval-when-compile (&body body)
-  `(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
-     ,@body))
+     (lookup-function-translation x fenv))))
 
 (define-compilation eval-when-compile (&rest body)
   (eval (cons 'progn body))
-  nil)
+  "")
 
 (defmacro define-transformation (name args form)
   `(define-compilation ,name ,args
      (ls-compile ,form env fenv)))
 
-(define-transformation progn (&rest body)
-  `((lambda () ,@body)))
+(define-compilation progn (&rest body)
+  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
+          (ls-compile-block (butlast body) env fenv)
+          "return " (ls-compile (car (last body)) env fenv) ";"
+          "})()" *newline*))
 
 (define-transformation let (bindings &rest body)
-  `((lambda ,(mapcar 'car bindings) ,@body)
-    ,@(mapcar 'cadr bindings)))
+  (let ((bindings (mapcar #'ensure-list bindings)))
+    `((lambda ,(mapcar #'car bindings) ,@body)
+      ,@(mapcar #'cadr bindings))))
 
 ;;; A little backquote implementation without optimizations of any
 ;;; kind for lispstrack.
@@ -373,6 +888,9 @@
 
 ;;; Primitives
 
+(defun compile-bool (x)
+  (concat "(" x "?" (ls-compile t nil nil) ": " (ls-compile nil nil nil) ")"))
+
 (define-compilation + (x y)
   (concat "((" (ls-compile x env fenv) ") + (" (ls-compile y env fenv) "))"))
 
@@ -385,8 +903,15 @@
 (define-compilation / (x y)
   (concat "((" (ls-compile x env fenv) ") / (" (ls-compile y env fenv) "))"))
 
+(define-compilation < (x y)
+  (compile-bool (concat "((" (ls-compile x env fenv) ") < (" (ls-compile y env fenv) "))")))
+
 (define-compilation = (x y)
-  (concat "((" (ls-compile x env fenv) ") == (" (ls-compile y env fenv) "))"))
+  (compile-bool (concat "((" (ls-compile x env fenv) ") == (" (ls-compile y env fenv) "))")))
+
+(define-compilation numberp (x)
+  (compile-bool (concat "(typeof (" (ls-compile x env fenv) ") == \"number\")")))
+
 
 (define-compilation mod (x y)
   (concat "((" (ls-compile x env fenv) ") % (" (ls-compile y env fenv) "))"))
@@ -395,28 +920,67 @@
   (concat "(Math.floor(" (ls-compile x env fenv) "))"))
 
 (define-compilation null (x)
-  (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) "== undefined)"))
+  (compile-bool (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) "===" (ls-compile nil env fenv) ")")))
 
 (define-compilation cons (x y)
-  (concat "{car: " (ls-compile x env fenv) ", cdr: " (ls-compile y env fenv) "}"))
+  (concat "({car: " (ls-compile x env fenv) ", cdr: " (ls-compile y env fenv) "})"))
+
+(define-compilation consp (x)
+  (compile-bool
+   (concat "(function(){ var tmp = "
+           (ls-compile x env fenv)
+           "; return (typeof tmp == 'object' && 'car' in tmp);})()")))
 
 (define-compilation car (x)
-  (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) ").car"))
+  (concat "(function () { var tmp = " (ls-compile x env fenv)
+          "; return tmp === " (ls-compile nil nil nil) "? "
+          (ls-compile nil nil nil)
+          ": tmp.car; })()"))
 
 (define-compilation cdr (x)
-  (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) ").cdr"))
+  (concat "(function () { var tmp = " (ls-compile x env fenv)
+          "; return tmp === " (ls-compile nil nil nil) "? "
+          (ls-compile nil nil nil)
+          ": tmp.cdr; })()"))
+
+(define-compilation setcar (x new)
+  (concat "((" (ls-compile x env fenv) ").car = " (ls-compile new env fenv) ")"))
+
+(define-compilation setcdr (x new)
+  (concat "((" (ls-compile x env fenv) ").cdr = " (ls-compile new env fenv) ")"))
+
+(define-compilation symbolp (x)
+  (compile-bool
+   (concat "(function(){ var tmp = "
+           (ls-compile x env fenv)
+           "; return (typeof tmp == 'object' && 'name' in tmp); })()")))
 
 (define-compilation make-symbol (name)
-  (concat "{name: " (ls-compile name env fenv) "}"))
+  (concat "({name: " (ls-compile name env fenv) "})"))
 
 (define-compilation symbol-name (x)
   (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) ").name"))
 
 (define-compilation eq (x y)
-  (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) " === " (ls-compile y env fenv) ")"))
+  (compile-bool
+   (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) " === " (ls-compile y env fenv) ")")))
+
+(define-compilation equal (x y)
+  (compile-bool
+   (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) " == " (ls-compile y env fenv) ")")))
 
 (define-compilation string (x)
-  (concat "String.fromCharCode( " (ls-compile x env fenv) ")"))
+  (concat "String.fromCharCode(" (ls-compile x env fenv) ")"))
+
+(define-compilation stringp (x)
+  (compile-bool
+   (concat "(typeof(" (ls-compile x env fenv) ") == \"string\")")))
+
+(define-compilation string-upcase (x)
+  (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) ").toUpperCase()"))
+
+(define-compilation string-length (x)
+  (concat "(" (ls-compile x env fenv) ").length"))
 
 (define-compilation char (string index)
   (concat "("
@@ -442,11 +1006,42 @@
                 ", ")
           ")"))
 
+(define-compilation apply (func &rest args)
+  (if (null args)
+      (concat "(" (ls-compile func env fenv) ")()")
+      (let ((args (butlast args))
+            (last (car (last args))))
+        (concat "(function(){" *newline*
+                "var f = " (ls-compile func env fenv) ";" *newline*
+                "var args = [" (join (mapcar (lambda (x)
+                                               (ls-compile x env fenv))
+                                             args)
+                                     ", ")
+                "];" *newline*
+                "var tail = (" (ls-compile last env fenv) ");" *newline*
+                "while (tail != " (ls-compile nil env fenv) "){" *newline*
+                "    args.push(tail.car);" *newline*
+                "    tail = tail.cdr;" *newline*
+                "}" *newline*
+                "return f.apply(this, args);" *newline*
+                "})()" *newline*))))
+
+(define-compilation js-eval (string)
+  (concat "eval.apply(window, [" (ls-compile string env fenv)  "])"))
+
+
+(define-compilation error (string)
+  (concat "(function (){ throw " (ls-compile string env fenv) ";" "return 0;})()"))
+
 (define-compilation new ()
   "{}")
 
 (define-compilation get (object key)
-  (concat "(" (ls-compile object env fenv) ")[" (ls-compile key env fenv) "]"))
+  (concat "(function(){ var tmp = "
+          "(" (ls-compile object env fenv) ")[" (ls-compile key env fenv) "]"
+          ";"
+          "return tmp == undefined? " (ls-compile nil nil nil) ": tmp ;"
+          "})()"))
 
 (define-compilation set (object key value)
   (concat "(("
@@ -455,30 +1050,30 @@
           (ls-compile key env fenv) "]"
           " = " (ls-compile value env fenv) ")"))
 
+(define-compilation in (key object)
+  (compile-bool
+   (concat "(" (ls-compile key env fenv) " in " (ls-compile object env fenv) ")")))
 
-(defun %compile-defvar (name)
-  (unless (lookup name *env*)
-    (push (make-var-binding name) *env*)
-    (push (concat "var " (lookup-variable name *env*)) *toplevel-compilations*)))
+(define-compilation functionp (x)
+  (compile-bool
+   (concat "(typeof " (ls-compile x env fenv) " == 'function')")))
 
-(defun %compile-defun (name)
-  (unless (lookup name *fenv*)
-    (push (make-func-binding name) *fenv*)
-    (push (concat "var " (lookup-variable name *fenv*)) *toplevel-compilations*)))
 
-(defun %compile-defmacro (name lambda)
-  (push (cons name (cons 'macro lambda)) *fenv*))
+(defun macrop (x)
+  (and (symbolp x) (eq (binding-type (lookup-function x *fenv*)) 'macro)))
 
-(defun ls-macroexpand-1 (form &optional env fenv)
-  (let ((function (cdr (assoc (car form) *fenv*))))
-    (if (and (listp function) (eq (car function) 'macro))
-        (apply (eval (cdr function)) (cdr form))
-        form)))
+(defun ls-macroexpand-1 (form env fenv)
+  (if (macrop (car form))
+      (let ((binding (lookup-function (car form) *env*)))
+        (if (eq (binding-type binding) 'macro)
+            (apply (eval (binding-translation binding)) (cdr form))
+            form))
+      form))
 
 (defun compile-funcall (function args env fenv)
   (cond
     ((symbolp function)
-     (concat (lookup-function function fenv)
+     (concat (lookup-function-translation function fenv)
              "("
              (join (mapcar (lambda (x) (ls-compile x env fenv)) args)
                    ", ")
@@ -489,39 +1084,104 @@
                    ", ")
              ")"))
     (t
-     (error "Invalid function designator ~a." function))))
+     (error (concat "Invalid function designator " (symbol-name function))))))
 
-(defun ls-compile (sexp &optional env fenv)
+(defun ls-compile (sexp env fenv)
   (cond
-    ((symbolp sexp) (lookup-variable sexp env))
+    ((symbolp sexp) (lookup-variable-translation sexp env))
     ((integerp sexp) (integer-to-string sexp))
-    ((stringp sexp) (concat "\"" sexp "\""))
+    ((stringp sexp) (concat "\"" (escape-string sexp) "\""))
     ((listp sexp)
-     (let ((sexp (ls-macroexpand-1 sexp env fenv)))
-       (let ((compiler-func (second (assoc (car sexp) *compilations*))))
-         (if compiler-func
-             (apply compiler-func env fenv (cdr sexp))
-             (compile-funcall (car sexp) (cdr sexp) env fenv)))))))
+     (if (assoc (car sexp) *compilations*)
+         (let ((comp (second (assoc (car sexp) *compilations*))))
+           (apply comp env fenv (cdr sexp)))
+         (if (macrop (car sexp))
+             (ls-compile (ls-macroexpand-1 sexp env fenv) env fenv)
+             (compile-funcall (car sexp) (cdr sexp) env fenv))))))
 
 (defun ls-compile-toplevel (sexp)
   (setq *toplevel-compilations* nil)
-  (let ((code (ls-compile sexp)))
+  (let ((code (ls-compile sexp nil nil)))
     (prog1
         (concat (join (mapcar (lambda (x) (concat x ";" *newline*))
-                              *toplevel-compilations*)
-                      "")
+                              *toplevel-compilations*))
                 code)
       (setq *toplevel-compilations* nil))))
 
+
+;;; Once we have the compiler, we define the runtime environment and
+;;; interactive development (eval), which works calling the compiler
+;;; and evaluating the Javascript result globally.
+
+#+lispstrack
+(progn
+ (defmacro with-compilation-unit (&rest body)
+   `(prog1
+        (progn
+          (setq *compilation-unit-checks* nil)
+          (setq *env* (remove-if-not #'binding-declared *env*))
+          (setq *fenv* (remove-if-not #'binding-declared *fenv*))
+          ,@body)
+      (dolist (check *compilation-unit-checks*)
+        (funcall check))))
+
+ (defun eval (x)
+   (let ((code
+          (with-compilation-unit
+              (ls-compile-toplevel x))))
+     (js-eval code)))
+
+ ;; Set the initial global environment to be equal to the host global
+ ;; environment at this point of the compilation.
+ (eval-when-compile
+   (let ((c1 (ls-compile `(setq *fenv* ',*fenv*) nil nil))
+         (c2 (ls-compile `(setq *env* ',*env*) nil nil))
+         (c3 (ls-compile `(setq *variable-counter* ',*variable-counter*) nil nil))
+         (c4 (ls-compile `(setq *function-counter* ',*function-counter*) nil nil))
+         (c5 (ls-compile `(setq *literal-counter* ',*literal-counter*) nil nil)))
+     (setq *toplevel-compilations*
+           (append *toplevel-compilations* (list c1 c2 c3 c4 c5)))))
+
+ (js-eval
+  (concat "var lisp = {};"
+          "lisp.read = " (lookup-function-translation 'ls-read-from-string nil) ";" *newline*
+          "lisp.print = " (lookup-function-translation 'print-to-string nil) ";" *newline*
+          "lisp.eval = " (lookup-function-translation 'eval nil) ";" *newline*
+          "lisp.compile = " (lookup-function-translation 'ls-compile-toplevel nil) ";" *newline*
+          "lisp.evalString = function(str){" *newline*
+          "   return lisp.eval(lisp.read(str));" *newline*
+          "}" *newline*
+          "lisp.compileString = function(str){" *newline*
+          "   return lisp.compile(lisp.read(str));" *newline*
+          "}" *newline*)))
+
+
+;;; Finally, we provide a couple of functions to easily bootstrap
+;;; this. It just calls the compiler with this file as input.
+
 #+common-lisp
 (progn
-  (defun ls-compile-file (filename output)
+  (defun read-whole-file (filename)
     (with-open-file (in filename)
-      (with-open-file (out output :direction :output :if-exists :supersede)
+      (let ((seq (make-array (file-length in) :element-type 'character)))
+        (read-sequence seq in)
+        seq)))
+
+  (defun ls-compile-file (filename output)
+    (setq *env* nil *fenv* nil)
+    (setq *compilation-unit-checks* nil)
+    (with-open-file (out output :direction :output :if-exists :supersede)
+      (let* ((source (read-whole-file filename))
+             (in (make-string-stream source)))
         (loop
            for x = (ls-read in)
            until (eq x *eof*)
            for compilation = (ls-compile-toplevel x)
-           when compilation do (write-line (concat compilation "; ") out)))))
+           when (plusp (length compilation))
+           do (write-line (concat compilation "; ") out))
+        (dolist (check *compilation-unit-checks*)
+          (funcall check))
+        (setq *compilation-unit-checks* nil))))
+
   (defun bootstrap ()
     (ls-compile-file "lispstrack.lisp" "lispstrack.js")))