X-Git-Url: http://repo.macrolet.net/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fcompiler.lisp;h=2c8269cb17dd1e9d94cabeedecc2dd09f95a657c;hb=04b37b9a945aeaa24ce46c9a674465cf6e09e9e5;hp=27cc37b0d1885f50b173859aff3ac947080b35b7;hpb=f15bd27f080e8f61fdcb2ad9e306cd94f0fa9b52;p=jscl.git

diff --git a/src/compiler.lisp b/src/compiler.lisp
index 27cc37b..2c8269c 100644
--- a/src/compiler.lisp
+++ b/src/compiler.lisp
@@ -1,84 +1,50 @@
-;;; compiler.lisp --- 
+;;; compiler.lisp ---
 
-;; copyright (C) 2012, 2013 David Vazquez
+;; Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 David Vazquez
 ;; Copyright (C) 2012 Raimon Grau
 
-;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+;; JSCL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
 ;; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 ;; published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
 ;; License, or (at your option) any later version.
 ;;
-;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+;; JSCL is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 ;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 ;; General Public License for more details.
 ;;
 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-;; along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+;; along with JSCL.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 ;;;; Compiler
 
+(/debug "loading compiler.lisp!")
+
+(define-js-macro selfcall (&body body)
+  `(call (function () ,@body)))
+
+(define-js-macro bool (expr)
+  `(if ,expr ,(convert t) ,(convert nil)))
+
 ;;; Translate the Lisp code to Javascript. It will compile the special
 ;;; forms. Some primitive functions are compiled as special forms
 ;;; too. The respective real functions are defined in the target (see
 ;;; the beginning of this file) as well as some primitive functions.
 
-(defun code (&rest args)
-  (mapconcat (lambda (arg)
-               (cond
-                 ((null arg) "")
-                 ((integerp arg) (integer-to-string arg))
-                 ((floatp arg) (float-to-string arg))
-                 ((stringp arg) arg)
-                 (t (error "Unknown argument."))))
-             args))
-
-;;; Wrap X with a Javascript code to convert the result from
-;;; Javascript generalized booleans to T or NIL.
-(defun js!bool (x)
-  (code "(" x "?" (ls-compile t) ": " (ls-compile nil) ")"))
-
-;;; Concatenate the arguments and wrap them with a self-calling
-;;; Javascript anonymous function. It is used to make some Javascript
-;;; statements valid expressions and provide a private scope as well.
-;;; It could be defined as function, but we could do some
-;;; preprocessing in the future.
-(defmacro js!selfcall (&body body)
-  `(code "(function(){" *newline* (indent ,@body) "})()"))
+(defun interleave (list element &optional after-last-p)
+  (unless (null list)
+    (with-collect
+      (collect (car list))
+      (dolist (x (cdr list))
+        (collect element)
+        (collect x))
+      (when after-last-p
+        (collect element)))))
 
 ;;; Like CODE, but prefix each line with four spaces. Two versions
 ;;; of this function are available, because the Ecmalisp version is
 ;;; very slow and bootstraping was annoying.
 
-#+jscl
-(defun indent (&rest string)
-  (let ((input (apply #'code string)))
-    (let ((output "")
-          (index 0)
-          (size (length input)))
-      (when (plusp (length input)) (concatf output "    "))
-      (while (< index size)
-        (let ((str
-               (if (and (char= (char input index) #\newline)
-                        (< index (1- size))
-                        (not (char= (char input (1+ index)) #\newline)))
-                   (concat (string #\newline) "    ")
-                   (string (char input index)))))
-          (concatf output str))
-        (incf index))
-      output)))
-
-#+common-lisp
-(defun indent (&rest string)
-  (with-output-to-string (*standard-output*)
-    (with-input-from-string (input (apply #'code string))
-      (loop
-         for line = (read-line input nil)
-         while line
-         do (write-string "    ")
-         do (write-line line)))))
-
-
 ;;; A Form can return a multiple values object calling VALUES, like
 ;;; values(arg1, arg2, ...). It will work in any context, as well as
 ;;; returning an individual object. However, if the special variable
@@ -87,62 +53,6 @@
 ;;; function call.
 (defvar *multiple-value-p* nil)
 
-;; A very simple defstruct built on lists. It supports just slot with
-;; an optional default initform, and it will create a constructor,
-;; predicate and accessors for you.
-(defmacro def!struct (name &rest slots)
-  (unless (symbolp name)
-    (error "It is not a full defstruct implementation."))
-  (let* ((name-string (symbol-name name))
-         (slot-descriptions
-          (mapcar (lambda (sd)
-                    (cond
-                      ((symbolp sd)
-                       (list sd))
-                      ((and (listp sd) (car sd) (cddr sd))
-                       sd)
-                      (t
-                       (error "Bad slot accessor."))))
-                  slots))
-         (predicate (intern (concat name-string "-P"))))
-    `(progn
-       ;; Constructor
-       (defun ,(intern (concat "MAKE-" name-string)) (&key ,@slot-descriptions)
-         (list ',name ,@(mapcar #'car slot-descriptions)))
-       ;; Predicate
-       (defun ,predicate (x)
-         (and (consp x) (eq (car x) ',name)))
-       ;; Copier
-       (defun ,(intern (concat "COPY-" name-string)) (x)
-         (copy-list x))
-       ;; Slot accessors
-       ,@(with-collect
-          (let ((index 1))
-            (dolist (slot slot-descriptions)
-              (let* ((name (car slot))
-                     (accessor-name (intern (concat name-string "-" (string name)))))
-                (collect
-                    `(defun ,accessor-name (x)
-                       (unless (,predicate x)
-                         (error ,(concat "The object is not a type " name-string)))
-                       (nth ,index x)))
-                ;; TODO: Implement this with a higher level
-                ;; abstraction like defsetf or (defun (setf ..))
-                (collect
-                    `(define-setf-expander ,accessor-name (x)
-                       (let ((object (gensym))
-                             (new-value (gensym)))
-                         (values (list object)
-                                 (list x)
-                                 (list new-value)
-                                 `(progn
-                                    (rplaca (nthcdr ,',index ,object) ,new-value) 
-                                    ,new-value)
-                                 `(,',accessor-name ,object)))))
-                (incf index)))))
-       ',name)))
-
-
 ;;; Environment
 
 (def!struct binding
@@ -179,11 +89,12 @@
 
 
 (defvar *environment* (make-lexenv))
-
 (defvar *variable-counter* 0)
 
 (defun gvarname (symbol)
-  (code "v" (incf *variable-counter*)))
+  (declare (ignore symbol))
+  (incf *variable-counter*)
+  (concat "v" (integer-to-string *variable-counter*)))
 
 (defun translate-variable (symbol)
   (awhen (lookup-in-lexenv symbol *environment* 'variable)
@@ -201,14 +112,11 @@
 (defun toplevel-compilation (string)
   (push string *toplevel-compilations*))
 
-(defun null-or-empty-p (x)
-  (zerop (length x)))
-
 (defun get-toplevel-compilations ()
-  (reverse (remove-if #'null-or-empty-p *toplevel-compilations*)))
+  (reverse *toplevel-compilations*))
 
 (defun %compile-defmacro (name lambda)
-  (toplevel-compilation (ls-compile `',name))
+  (toplevel-compilation (convert `',name))
   (let ((binding (make-binding :name name :type 'macro :value lambda)))
     (push-to-lexenv binding  *environment* 'function))
   name)
@@ -262,11 +170,10 @@
   `(push (list ',name (lambda ,args (block ,name ,@body)))
          *compilations*))
 
-(define-compilation if (condition true false)
-  (code "(" (ls-compile condition) " !== " (ls-compile nil)
-        " ? " (ls-compile true *multiple-value-p*)
-        " : " (ls-compile false *multiple-value-p*)
-        ")"))
+(define-compilation if (condition true &optional false)
+  `(if (!== ,(convert condition) ,(convert nil))
+       ,(convert true *multiple-value-p*)
+       ,(convert false *multiple-value-p*)))
 
 (defvar *ll-keywords* '(&optional &rest &key))
 
@@ -290,14 +197,14 @@
 (defun ll-rest-argument (ll)
   (let ((rest (ll-section '&rest ll)))
     (when (cdr rest)
-      (error "Bad lambda-list"))
+      (error "Bad lambda-list `~S'." ll))
     (car rest)))
 
 (defun ll-keyword-arguments-canonical (ll)
   (flet ((canonicalize (keyarg)
 	   ;; Build a canonical keyword argument descriptor, filling
 	   ;; the optional fields. The result is a list of the form
-	   ;; ((keyword-name var) init-form).
+	   ;; ((keyword-name var) init-form svar).
            (let ((arg (ensure-list keyarg)))
              (cons (if (listp (car arg))
                        (car arg)
@@ -316,76 +223,62 @@
           (ll-optional-arguments-canonical lambda-list))))
     (remove nil (mapcar #'third args))))
 
-(defun lambda-docstring-wrapper (docstring &rest strs)
-  (if docstring
-      (js!selfcall
-        "var func = " (join strs) ";" *newline*
-        "func.docstring = '" docstring "';" *newline*
-        "return func;" *newline*)
-      (apply #'code strs)))
+(defun lambda-name/docstring-wrapper (name docstring code)
+  (if (or name docstring)
+      `(selfcall
+        (var (func ,code))
+        ,(when name `(= (get func "fname") ,name))
+        ,(when docstring `(= (get func "docstring") ,docstring))
+        (return func))
+      code))
 
 (defun lambda-check-argument-count
     (n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments rest-p)
   ;; Note: Remember that we assume that the number of arguments of a
   ;; call is at least 1 (the values argument).
-  (let ((min (1+ n-required-arguments))
-        (max (if rest-p 'n/a (+ 1 n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))))
+  (let ((min n-required-arguments)
+        (max (if rest-p 'n/a (+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))))
     (block nil
       ;; Special case: a positive exact number of arguments.
-      (when (and (< 1 min) (eql min max))
-        (return (code "checkArgs(arguments, " min ");" *newline*)))
+      (when (and (< 0 min) (eql min max))
+        (return `(call |checkArgs| |nargs| ,min)))
       ;; General case:
-      (code
-       (when (< 1 min)
-         (code "checkArgsAtLeast(arguments, " min ");" *newline*))
-       (when (numberp max)
-         (code "checkArgsAtMost(arguments, " max ");" *newline*))))))
+      `(progn
+         ,(when (< 0 min)     `(call |checkArgsAtLeast| |nargs| ,min))
+         ,(when (numberp max) `(call |checkArgsAtMost|  |nargs| ,max))))))
 
 (defun compile-lambda-optional (ll)
   (let* ((optional-arguments (ll-optional-arguments-canonical ll))
 	 (n-required-arguments (length (ll-required-arguments ll)))
 	 (n-optional-arguments (length optional-arguments)))
     (when optional-arguments
-      (code (mapconcat (lambda (arg)
-                         (code "var " (translate-variable (first arg)) "; " *newline*
-                               (when (third arg)
-                                 (code "var " (translate-variable (third arg))
-                                       " = " (ls-compile t)
-                                       "; " *newline*))))
-                       optional-arguments)
-            "switch(arguments.length-1){" *newline*
-            (let ((cases nil)
-                  (idx 0))
-              (progn
-                (while (< idx n-optional-arguments)
-                  (let ((arg (nth idx optional-arguments)))
-                    (push (code "case " (+ idx n-required-arguments) ":" *newline*
-                                (indent (translate-variable (car arg))
-                                        "="
-                                        (ls-compile (cadr arg)) ";" *newline*)
-                                (when (third arg)
-                                  (indent (translate-variable (third arg))
-                                          "="
-                                          (ls-compile nil)
-                                          ";" *newline*)))
-                          cases)
-                    (incf idx)))
-                (push (code "default: break;" *newline*) cases)
-                (join (reverse cases))))
-            "}" *newline*))))
+      `(switch |nargs|
+               ,@(with-collect
+                  (dotimes (idx n-optional-arguments)
+                    (let ((arg (nth idx optional-arguments)))
+                      (collect `(case ,(+ idx n-required-arguments)))
+                      (collect `(= ,(make-symbol (translate-variable (car arg)))
+                                   ,(convert (cadr arg))))
+                      (collect (when (third arg)
+                                 `(= ,(make-symbol (translate-variable (third arg)))
+                                     ,(convert nil))))))
+                  (collect 'default)
+                  (collect '(break)))))))
 
 (defun compile-lambda-rest (ll)
   (let ((n-required-arguments (length (ll-required-arguments ll)))
 	(n-optional-arguments (length (ll-optional-arguments ll)))
 	(rest-argument (ll-rest-argument ll)))
     (when rest-argument
-      (let ((js!rest (translate-variable rest-argument)))
-        (code "var " js!rest "= " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*
-              "for (var i = arguments.length-1; i>="
-              (+ 1 n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments)
-              "; i--)" *newline*
-              (indent js!rest " = {car: arguments[i], cdr: ") js!rest "};"
-              *newline*)))))
+      (let ((js!rest (make-symbol (translate-variable rest-argument))))
+        `(progn
+           (var (,js!rest ,(convert nil)))
+           (var i)
+           (for ((= i (- |nargs| 1))
+                 (>= i ,(+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))
+                 (post-- i))
+                (= ,js!rest (object "car" (property |arguments| (+ i 2))
+                                    "cdr" ,js!rest))))))))
 
 (defun compile-lambda-parse-keywords (ll)
   (let ((n-required-arguments
@@ -394,91 +287,128 @@
 	 (length (ll-optional-arguments ll)))
 	(keyword-arguments
 	 (ll-keyword-arguments-canonical ll)))
-    (code
-     ;; Declare variables
-     (mapconcat (lambda (arg)
-		  (let ((var (second (car arg))))
-		    (code "var " (translate-variable var) "; " *newline*
-                          (when (third arg)
-                            (code "var " (translate-variable (third arg))
-                                  " = " (ls-compile nil)
-                                  ";" *newline*)))))
-		keyword-arguments)
-     ;; Parse keywords
-     (flet ((parse-keyword (keyarg)
-	      ;; ((keyword-name var) init-form)
-	      (code "for (i=" (+ 1 n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments)
-                    "; i<arguments.length; i+=2){" *newline*
-                    (indent
-                     "if (arguments[i] === " (ls-compile (caar keyarg)) "){" *newline*
-                     (indent (translate-variable (cadr (car keyarg)))
-                             " = arguments[i+1];"
-                             *newline*
-                             (let ((svar (third keyarg)))
-                               (when svar
-                                 (code (translate-variable svar) " = " (ls-compile t) ";" *newline*)))
-                             "break;" *newline*)
-                     "}" *newline*)
-                    "}" *newline*
-                    ;; Default value
-                    "if (i == arguments.length){" *newline*
-                    (indent (translate-variable (cadr (car keyarg))) " = " (ls-compile (cadr keyarg)) ";" *newline*)
-                    "}" *newline*)))
-       (when keyword-arguments
-         (code "var i;" *newline*
-               (mapconcat #'parse-keyword keyword-arguments))))
-     ;; Check for unknown keywords
-     (when keyword-arguments
-       (code "for (i=" (+ 1 n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments)
-             "; i<arguments.length; i+=2){" *newline*
-             (indent "if ("
-                     (join (mapcar (lambda (x)
-                                     (concat "arguments[i] !== " (ls-compile (caar x))))
-                                   keyword-arguments)
-                           " && ")
-                     ")" *newline*
-                     (indent
-                      "throw 'Unknown keyword argument ' + arguments[i].name;" *newline*))
-             "}" *newline*)))))
-
-(defun compile-lambda (ll body)
-  (let ((required-arguments (ll-required-arguments ll))
-        (optional-arguments (ll-optional-arguments ll))
-	(keyword-arguments  (ll-keyword-arguments  ll))
-        (rest-argument      (ll-rest-argument      ll))
-        documentation)
-    ;; Get the documentation string for the lambda function
-    (when (and (stringp (car body))
+    `(progn
+       ;; Declare variables
+       ,@(with-collect
+          (dolist (keyword-argument keyword-arguments)
+            (destructuring-bind ((keyword-name var) &optional initform svar)
+                keyword-argument
+              (declare (ignore keyword-name initform))
+              (collect `(var ,(make-symbol (translate-variable var))))
+              (when svar
+                (collect
+                    `(var (,(make-symbol (translate-variable svar))
+                            ,(convert nil))))))))
+       
+       ;; Parse keywords
+       ,(flet ((parse-keyword (keyarg)
+                (destructuring-bind ((keyword-name var) &optional initform svar) keyarg
+                  ;; ((keyword-name var) init-form svar)
+                  `(progn
+                     (for ((= i ,(+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))
+                           (< i |nargs|)
+                           (+= i 2))
+                          ;; ....
+                          (if (=== (property |arguments| (+ i 2))
+                                   ,(convert keyword-name))
+                              (progn
+                                (= ,(make-symbol (translate-variable var))
+                                   (property |arguments| (+ i 3)))
+                                ,(when svar `(= ,(make-symbol (translate-variable svar))
+                                                ,(convert t)))
+                                (break))))
+                     (if (== i |nargs|)
+                         (= ,(make-symbol (translate-variable var))
+                            ,(convert initform)))))))
+         (when keyword-arguments
+           `(progn
+              (var i)
+              ,@(mapcar #'parse-keyword keyword-arguments))))
+       
+       ;; Check for unknown keywords
+       ,(when keyword-arguments
+         `(progn
+            (var (start ,(+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments)))
+            (if (== (% (- |nargs| start) 2) 1)
+                (throw "Odd number of keyword arguments."))
+            (for ((= i start) (< i |nargs|) (+= i 2))
+                 (if (and ,@(mapcar (lambda (keyword-argument)
+                                 (destructuring-bind ((keyword-name var) &optional initform svar)
+                                     keyword-argument
+                                   (declare (ignore var initform svar))
+                                   `(!== (property |arguments| (+ i 2)) ,(convert keyword-name))))
+                               keyword-arguments))
+                     (throw (+ "Unknown keyword argument "
+                               (call |xstring|
+                                     (property
+                                      (property |arguments| (+ i 2))
+                                      "name")))))))))))
+
+(defun parse-lambda-list (ll)
+  (values (ll-required-arguments ll)
+          (ll-optional-arguments ll)
+          (ll-keyword-arguments  ll)
+          (ll-rest-argument      ll)))
+
+;;; Process BODY for declarations and/or docstrings. Return as
+;;; multiple values the BODY without docstrings or declarations, the
+;;; list of declaration forms and the docstring.
+(defun parse-body (body &key declarations docstring)
+  (let ((value-declarations)
+        (value-docstring))
+    ;; Parse declarations
+    (when declarations
+      (do* ((rest body (cdr rest))
+            (form (car rest) (car rest)))
+           ((or (atom form) (not (eq (car form) 'declare)))
+            (setf body rest))
+        (push form value-declarations)))
+    ;; Parse docstring
+    (when (and docstring
+               (stringp (car body))
                (not (null (cdr body))))
-      (setq documentation (car body))
+      (setq value-docstring (car body))
       (setq body (cdr body)))
-    (let ((n-required-arguments (length required-arguments))
-          (n-optional-arguments (length optional-arguments))
-          (*environment* (extend-local-env
-                          (append (ensure-list rest-argument)
-                                  required-arguments
-                                  optional-arguments
-				  keyword-arguments
-                                  (ll-svars ll)))))
-      (lambda-docstring-wrapper
-       documentation
-       "(function ("
-       (join (cons "values"
-                   (mapcar #'translate-variable
-                           (append required-arguments optional-arguments)))
-             ",")
-       "){" *newline*
-       (indent
-        ;; Check number of arguments
-        (lambda-check-argument-count n-required-arguments
-                                     n-optional-arguments
-                                     (or rest-argument keyword-arguments))
-	(compile-lambda-optional ll)
-	(compile-lambda-rest ll)
-	(compile-lambda-parse-keywords ll)
-        (let ((*multiple-value-p* t))
-	  (ls-compile-block body t)))
-       "})"))))
+    (values body value-declarations value-docstring)))
+
+;;; Compile a lambda function with lambda list LL and body BODY. If
+;;; NAME is given, it should be a constant string and it will become
+;;; the name of the function. If BLOCK is non-NIL, a named block is
+;;; created around the body. NOTE: No block (even anonymous) is
+;;; created if BLOCk is NIL.
+(defun compile-lambda (ll body &key name block)
+  (multiple-value-bind (required-arguments
+                        optional-arguments
+                        keyword-arguments
+                        rest-argument)
+      (parse-lambda-list ll)
+    (multiple-value-bind (body decls documentation)
+        (parse-body body :declarations t :docstring t)
+      (declare (ignore decls))
+      (let ((n-required-arguments (length required-arguments))
+            (n-optional-arguments (length optional-arguments))
+            (*environment* (extend-local-env
+                            (append (ensure-list rest-argument)
+                                    required-arguments
+                                    optional-arguments
+                                    keyword-arguments
+                                    (ll-svars ll)))))
+        (lambda-name/docstring-wrapper name documentation
+         `(function (|values| |nargs| ,@(mapcar (lambda (x)
+                                                  (make-symbol (translate-variable x)))
+                                                (append required-arguments optional-arguments)))
+                     ;; Check number of arguments
+                    ,(lambda-check-argument-count n-required-arguments
+                                                  n-optional-arguments
+                                                  (or rest-argument keyword-arguments))
+                    ,(compile-lambda-optional ll)
+                    ,(compile-lambda-rest ll)
+                    ,(compile-lambda-parse-keywords ll)
+
+                    ,(let ((*multiple-value-p* t))
+                          (if block
+                              (convert-block `((block ,block ,@body)) t)
+                              (convert-block body t)))))))))
 
 
 (defun setq-pair (var val)
@@ -488,116 +418,144 @@
             (eq (binding-type b) 'variable)
             (not (member 'special (binding-declarations b)))
             (not (member 'constant (binding-declarations b))))
-       (code (binding-value b) " = " (ls-compile val)))
+       ;; TODO: Unnecesary make-symbol when codegen migration is
+       ;; finished.
+       `(= ,(make-symbol (binding-value b)) ,(convert val)))
       ((and b (eq (binding-type b) 'macro))
-       (ls-compile `(setf ,var ,val)))
+       (convert `(setf ,var ,val)))
       (t
-       (ls-compile `(set ',var ,val))))))
+       (convert `(set ',var ,val))))))
 
 
 (define-compilation setq (&rest pairs)
-  (let ((result ""))
+  (let ((result nil))
+    (when (null pairs)
+      (return-from setq (convert nil)))
     (while t
       (cond
-	((null pairs) (return))
+	((null pairs)
+         (return))
 	((null (cdr pairs))
-	 (error "Odd paris in SETQ"))
+	 (error "Odd pairs in SETQ"))
 	(t
-	 (concatf result
-	   (concat (setq-pair (car pairs) (cadr pairs))
-		   (if (null (cddr pairs)) "" ", ")))
+         (push `,(setq-pair (car pairs) (cadr pairs)) result)
 	 (setq pairs (cddr pairs)))))
-    (code "(" result ")")))
-
-
-;;; Literals
-(defun escape-string (string)
-  (let ((output "")
-        (index 0)
-        (size (length string)))
-    (while (< index size)
-      (let ((ch (char string index)))
-        (when (or (char= ch #\") (char= ch #\\))
-          (setq output (concat output "\\")))
-        (when (or (char= ch #\newline))
-          (setq output (concat output "\\"))
-          (setq ch #\n))
-        (setq output (concat output (string ch))))
-      (incf index))
-    output))
-
-
-(defvar *literal-symbols* nil)
+    `(progn ,@(reverse result))))
+
+
+;;; Compilation of literals an object dumping
+
+;;; BOOTSTRAP MAGIC: We record the macro definitions as lists during
+;;; the bootstrap. Once everything is compiled, we want to dump the
+;;; whole global environment to the output file to reproduce it in the
+;;; run-time. However, the environment must contain expander functions
+;;; rather than lists. We do not know how to dump function objects
+;;; itself, so we mark the list definitions with this object and the
+;;; compiler will be called when this object has to be dumped.
+;;; Backquote/unquote does a similar magic, but this use is exclusive.
+;;;
+;;; Indeed, perhaps to compile the object other macros need to be
+;;; evaluated. For this reason we define a valid macro-function for
+;;; this symbol.
+(defvar *magic-unquote-marker* (gensym "MAGIC-UNQUOTE"))
+
+#-jscl
+(setf (macro-function *magic-unquote-marker*)
+      (lambda (form &optional environment)
+        (declare (ignore environment))
+        (second form)))
+
+(defvar *literal-table* nil)
 (defvar *literal-counter* 0)
 
 (defun genlit ()
-  (code "l" (incf *literal-counter*)))
+  (incf *literal-counter*)
+  (concat "l" (integer-to-string *literal-counter*)))
+
+(defun dump-symbol (symbol)
+  #-jscl
+  (let ((package (symbol-package symbol)))
+    (if (eq package (find-package "KEYWORD"))
+        `(new (call |Symbol| ,(dump-string (symbol-name symbol)) ,(dump-string (package-name package))))
+        `(new (call |Symbol| ,(dump-string (symbol-name symbol))))))
+  #+jscl
+  (let ((package (symbol-package symbol)))
+    (if (null package)
+        `(new (call |Symbol| ,(dump-string (symbol-name symbol))))
+        (convert `(intern ,(symbol-name symbol) ,(package-name package))))))
+
+(defun dump-cons (cons)
+  (let ((head (butlast cons))
+        (tail (last cons)))
+    `(call |QIList|
+           ,@(mapcar (lambda (x) (literal x t)) head)
+           ,(literal (car tail) t)
+           ,(literal (cdr tail) t))))
+
+(defun dump-array (array)
+  (let ((elements (vector-to-list array)))
+    (list-to-vector (mapcar #'literal elements))))
+
+(defun dump-string (string)
+  `(call |make_lisp_string| ,string))
 
 (defun literal (sexp &optional recursive)
   (cond
-    ((integerp sexp) (integer-to-string sexp))
-    ((floatp sexp) (float-to-string sexp))
-    ((stringp sexp) (code "\"" (escape-string sexp) "\""))
-    ((symbolp sexp)
-     (or (cdr (assoc sexp *literal-symbols*))
-	 (let ((v (genlit))
-	       (s #+common-lisp
-                 (let ((package (symbol-package sexp)))
-                   (if (eq package (find-package "KEYWORD"))
-                       (code "{name: \"" (escape-string (symbol-name sexp))
-                             "\", 'package': '" (package-name package) "'}")
-                       (code "{name: \"" (escape-string (symbol-name sexp)) "\"}")))
-                 #+jscl
-                 (let ((package (symbol-package sexp)))
-                   (if (null package)
-                       (code "{name: \"" (escape-string (symbol-name sexp)) "\"}")
-                       (ls-compile `(intern ,(symbol-name sexp) ,(package-name package)))))))
-	   (push (cons sexp v) *literal-symbols*)
-	   (toplevel-compilation (code "var " v " = " s))
-	   v)))
-    ((consp sexp)
-     (let* ((head (butlast sexp))
-            (tail (last sexp))
-            (c (code "QIList("
-                     (join-trailing (mapcar (lambda (x) (literal x t)) head) ",")
-                     (literal (car tail) t)
-                     ","
-                     (literal (cdr tail) t)
-                     ")")))
-       (if recursive
-	   c
-	   (let ((v (genlit)))
-             (toplevel-compilation (code "var " v " = " c))
-             v))))
-    ((arrayp sexp)
-     (let ((elements (vector-to-list sexp)))
-       (let ((c (concat "[" (join (mapcar #'literal elements) ", ") "]")))
-	 (if recursive
-	     c
-	     (let ((v (genlit)))
-	       (toplevel-compilation (code "var " v " = " c))
-	       v)))))))
+    ((integerp sexp) sexp)
+    ((floatp sexp) sexp)
+    ((characterp sexp)
+     ;; TODO: Remove selfcall after migration
+     `(selfcall (return ,(string sexp))))
+    (t
+     (or (cdr (assoc sexp *literal-table* :test #'eql))
+         (let ((dumped (typecase sexp
+                         (symbol (dump-symbol sexp))
+                         (string (dump-string sexp))
+                         (cons
+                          ;; BOOTSTRAP MAGIC: See the root file
+                          ;; jscl.lisp and the function
+                          ;; `dump-global-environment' for futher
+                          ;; information.
+                          (if (eq (car sexp) *magic-unquote-marker*)
+                              (convert (second sexp))
+                              (dump-cons sexp)))
+                         (array (dump-array sexp)))))
+           (if (and recursive (not (symbolp sexp)))
+               dumped
+               (let ((jsvar (genlit)))
+                 (push (cons sexp (make-symbol jsvar)) *literal-table*)
+                 (toplevel-compilation `(var (,(make-symbol jsvar) ,dumped)))
+                 (when (keywordp sexp)
+                   (toplevel-compilation `(= ,(get (make-symbol jsvar) "value") ,(make-symbol jsvar))))
+                 (make-symbol jsvar))))))))
+
 
 (define-compilation quote (sexp)
   (literal sexp))
 
 (define-compilation %while (pred &rest body)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "while(" (ls-compile pred) " !== " (ls-compile nil) "){" *newline*
-    (indent (ls-compile-block body))
-    "}"
-    "return " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*))
+  `(selfcall
+    (while (!== ,(convert pred) ,(convert nil))
+      0                                 ; TODO: Force
+                                        ; braces. Unnecesary when code
+                                        ; is gone
+      ,(convert-block body))
+    (return ,(convert nil))))
 
 (define-compilation function (x)
   (cond
     ((and (listp x) (eq (car x) 'lambda))
      (compile-lambda (cadr x) (cddr x)))
+    ((and (listp x) (eq (car x) 'named-lambda))
+     (destructuring-bind (name ll &rest body) (cdr x)
+       (compile-lambda ll body
+                       :name (symbol-name name)
+                       :block name)))
     ((symbolp x)
      (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv x *environment* 'function)))
        (if b
-	   (binding-value b)
-	   (ls-compile `(symbol-function ',x)))))))
-
+	   (make-symbol (binding-value b))
+	   (convert `(symbol-function ',x)))))))
 
 (defun make-function-binding (fname)
   (make-binding :name fname :type 'function :value (gvarname fname)))
@@ -611,18 +569,18 @@
 
 (define-compilation flet (definitions &rest body)
   (let* ((fnames (mapcar #'car definitions))
-         (fbody  (mapcar #'cdr definitions))
-         (cfuncs (mapcar #'compile-function-definition fbody))
+         (cfuncs (mapcar (lambda (def)
+                           (compile-lambda (cadr def)
+                                           `((block ,(car def)
+                                               ,@(cddr def)))))
+                         definitions))
          (*environment*
           (extend-lexenv (mapcar #'make-function-binding fnames)
                          *environment*
                          'function)))
-    (code "(function("
-          (join (mapcar #'translate-function fnames) ",")
-          "){" *newline*
-          (let ((body (ls-compile-block body t)))
-            (indent body))
-          "})(" (join cfuncs ",") ")")))
+    `(call (function ,(mapcar #'make-symbol (mapcar #'translate-function fnames))
+                ,(convert-block body t))
+           ,@cfuncs)))
 
 (define-compilation labels (definitions &rest body)
   (let* ((fnames (mapcar #'car definitions))
@@ -630,13 +588,13 @@
           (extend-lexenv (mapcar #'make-function-binding fnames)
                          *environment*
                          'function)))
-    (js!selfcall
-      (mapconcat (lambda (func)
-		   (code "var " (translate-function (car func))
-                         " = " (compile-lambda (cadr func) (cddr func))
-                         ";" *newline*))
-		 definitions)
-      (ls-compile-block body t))))
+    `(selfcall
+      ,@(mapcar (lambda (func)
+                  `(var (,(make-symbol (translate-function (car func)))
+                          ,(compile-lambda (cadr func)
+                                           `((block ,(car func) ,@(cddr func)))))))
+                definitions)
+      ,(convert-block body t))))
 
 
 (defvar *compiling-file* nil)
@@ -644,17 +602,32 @@
   (if *compiling-file*
       (progn
         (eval (cons 'progn body))
-        nil)
-      (ls-compile `(progn ,@body))))
+        (convert 0))
+      (convert `(progn ,@body))))
 
 (defmacro define-transformation (name args form)
   `(define-compilation ,name ,args
-     (ls-compile ,form)))
+     (convert ,form)))
 
 (define-compilation progn (&rest body)
   (if (null (cdr body))
-      (ls-compile (car body) *multiple-value-p*)
-      (js!selfcall (ls-compile-block body t))))
+      (convert (car body) *multiple-value-p*)
+      `(progn
+         ,@(append (mapcar #'convert (butlast body))
+                   (list (convert (car (last body)) t))))))
+
+(define-compilation macrolet (definitions &rest body)
+  (let ((*environment* (copy-lexenv *environment*)))
+    (dolist (def definitions)
+      (destructuring-bind (name lambda-list &body body) def
+        (let ((binding (make-binding :name name :type 'macro :value
+                                     (let ((g!form (gensym)))
+                                       `(lambda (,g!form)
+                                          (destructuring-bind ,lambda-list ,g!form
+                                            ,@body))))))
+          (push-to-lexenv binding  *environment* 'function))))
+    (convert `(progn ,@body) *multiple-value-p*)))
+
 
 (defun special-variable-p (x)
   (and (claimp x 'variable 'special) t))
@@ -667,45 +640,37 @@
 (defun let-binding-wrapper (bindings body)
   (when (null bindings)
     (return-from let-binding-wrapper body))
-  (code
-   "try {" *newline*
-   (indent "var tmp;" *newline*
-           (mapconcat
-            (lambda (b)
-              (let ((s (ls-compile `(quote ,(car b)))))
-                (code "tmp = " s ".value;" *newline*
-                      s ".value = " (cdr b) ";" *newline*
-                      (cdr b) " = tmp;" *newline*)))
-            bindings)
-           body *newline*)
-   "}" *newline*
-   "finally {"  *newline*
-   (indent
-    (mapconcat (lambda (b)
-                 (let ((s (ls-compile `(quote ,(car b)))))
-                   (code s ".value" " = " (cdr b) ";" *newline*)))
-               bindings))
-   "}" *newline*))
+  `(progn
+     (try (var tmp)
+          ,@(with-collect
+             (dolist (b bindings)
+               (let ((s (convert `',(car b))))
+                 (collect `(= tmp (get ,s "value")))
+                 (collect `(= (get ,s "value") ,(cdr b)))
+                 (collect `(= ,(cdr b) tmp)))))
+          ,body)
+     (finally
+      ,@(with-collect
+         (dolist (b bindings)
+           (let ((s (convert `(quote ,(car b)))))
+             (collect `(= (get ,s "value") ,(cdr b)))))))))
 
 (define-compilation let (bindings &rest body)
   (let* ((bindings (mapcar #'ensure-list bindings))
          (variables (mapcar #'first bindings))
-         (cvalues (mapcar #'ls-compile (mapcar #'second bindings)))
+         (cvalues (mapcar #'convert (mapcar #'second bindings)))
          (*environment* (extend-local-env (remove-if #'special-variable-p variables)))
          (dynamic-bindings))
-    (code "(function("
-          (join (mapcar (lambda (x)
-                          (if (special-variable-p x)
-                              (let ((v (gvarname x)))
-                                (push (cons x v) dynamic-bindings)
-                                v)
-                              (translate-variable x)))
-                        variables)
-                ",")
-          "){" *newline*
-          (let ((body (ls-compile-block body t)))
-            (indent (let-binding-wrapper dynamic-bindings body)))
-          "})(" (join cvalues ",") ")")))
+    `(call (function ,(mapcar (lambda (x)
+                                (if (special-variable-p x)
+                                    (let ((v (gvarname x)))
+                                      (push (cons x (make-symbol v)) dynamic-bindings)
+                                      (make-symbol v))
+                                    (make-symbol (translate-variable x))))
+                              variables)
+                     ,(let ((body (convert-block body t t)))
+                           `,(let-binding-wrapper dynamic-bindings body)))
+           ,@cvalues)))
 
 
 ;;; Return the code to initialize BINDING, and push it extending the
@@ -714,10 +679,10 @@
   (let ((var (first binding))
         (value (second binding)))
     (if (special-variable-p var)
-        (code (ls-compile `(setq ,var ,value)) ";" *newline*)
+        (convert `(setq ,var ,value))
         (let* ((v (gvarname var))
                (b (make-binding :name var :type 'variable :value v)))
-          (prog1 (code "var " v " = " (ls-compile value) ";" *newline*)
+          (prog1 `(var (,(make-symbol v) ,(convert value)))
             (push-to-lexenv b *environment* 'variable))))))
 
 ;;; Wrap BODY to restore the symbol values of SYMBOLS after body. It
@@ -728,112 +693,112 @@
     (return-from let*-binding-wrapper body))
   (let ((store (mapcar (lambda (s) (cons s (gvarname s)))
                        (remove-if-not #'special-variable-p symbols))))
-    (code
-     "try {" *newline*
-     (indent
-      (mapconcat (lambda (b)
-                   (let ((s (ls-compile `(quote ,(car b)))))
-                     (code "var " (cdr b) " = " s ".value;" *newline*)))
-                 store)
-      body)
-     "}" *newline*
-     "finally {" *newline*
-     (indent
-      (mapconcat (lambda (b)
-                   (let ((s (ls-compile `(quote ,(car b)))))
-                     (code s ".value" " = " (cdr b) ";" *newline*)))
-                 store))
-     "}" *newline*)))
+    `(progn
+       (try
+        ,@(mapcar (lambda (b)
+                    (let ((s (convert `(quote ,(car b)))))
+                      `(var (,(make-symbol (cdr b)) (get ,s "value")))))
+                  store)
+        ,body)
+       (finally
+        ,@(mapcar (lambda (b)
+                    (let ((s (convert `(quote ,(car b)))))
+                      `(= (get ,s "value") ,(make-symbol (cdr b)))))
+                  store)))))
 
 (define-compilation let* (bindings &rest body)
   (let ((bindings (mapcar #'ensure-list bindings))
         (*environment* (copy-lexenv *environment*)))
-    (js!selfcall
-      (let ((specials (remove-if-not #'special-variable-p (mapcar #'first bindings)))
-            (body (concat (mapconcat #'let*-initialize-value bindings)
-                          (ls-compile-block body t))))
-        (let*-binding-wrapper specials body)))))
+    (let ((specials (remove-if-not #'special-variable-p (mapcar #'first bindings)))
+          (body `(progn
+                   ,@(mapcar #'let*-initialize-value bindings)
+                   ,(convert-block body t t))))
+      `(selfcall ,(let*-binding-wrapper specials body)))))
 
 
-(defvar *block-counter* 0)
-
 (define-compilation block (name &rest body)
-  (let* ((tr (incf *block-counter*))
-         (b (make-binding :name name :type 'block :value tr)))
+  ;; We use Javascript exceptions to implement non local control
+  ;; transfer. Exceptions has dynamic scoping, so we use a uniquely
+  ;; generated object to identify the block. The instance of a empty
+  ;; array is used to distinguish between nested dynamic Javascript
+  ;; exceptions. See https://github.com/davazp/jscl/issues/64 for
+  ;; futher details.
+  (let* ((idvar (gvarname name))
+         (b (make-binding :name name :type 'block :value idvar)))
     (when *multiple-value-p*
       (push 'multiple-value (binding-declarations b)))
     (let* ((*environment* (extend-lexenv (list b) *environment* 'block))
-           (cbody (ls-compile-block body t)))
+           (cbody (convert-block body t)))
       (if (member 'used (binding-declarations b))
-          (js!selfcall
-            "try {" *newline*
-            (indent cbody)
-            "}" *newline*
-            "catch (cf){" *newline*
-            "    if (cf.type == 'block' && cf.id == " tr ")" *newline*
-            (if *multiple-value-p*
-                "        return values.apply(this, forcemv(cf.values));"
-                "        return cf.values;")
-            *newline*
-            "    else" *newline*
-            "        throw cf;" *newline*
-            "}" *newline*)
-          (js!selfcall cbody)))))
+          `(selfcall
+            (try
+             (var (,(make-symbol idvar) #()))
+             ,cbody)
+            (catch (cf)
+              (if (and (== (get cf "type") "block")
+                       (== (get cf "id") ,(make-symbol idvar)))
+                  ,(if *multiple-value-p*
+                       `(return (call (get |values| "apply") this (call |forcemv| (get cf "values"))))
+                       `(return (get cf "values")))
+                  (throw cf))))
+          ;; TODO: is selfcall necessary here?
+          `(selfcall ,cbody)))))
 
 (define-compilation return-from (name &optional value)
   (let* ((b (lookup-in-lexenv name *environment* 'block))
          (multiple-value-p (member 'multiple-value (binding-declarations b))))
     (when (null b)
-      (error (concat "Unknown block `" (symbol-name name) "'.")))
+      (error "Return from unknown block `~S'." (symbol-name name)))
     (push 'used (binding-declarations b))
-    (js!selfcall
-      (when multiple-value-p (code "var values = mv;" *newline*))
-      "throw ({"
-      "type: 'block', "
-      "id: " (binding-value b) ", "
-      "values: " (ls-compile value multiple-value-p) ", "
-      "message: 'Return from unknown block " (symbol-name name) ".'"
-      "})")))
+    ;; The binding value is the name of a variable, whose value is the
+    ;; unique identifier of the block as exception. We can't use the
+    ;; variable name itself, because it could not to be unique, so we
+    ;; capture it in a closure.
+    `(selfcall
+      ,(when multiple-value-p `(var (|values| |mv|)))
+      (throw
+          (object
+           "type" "block"
+           "id" ,(make-symbol (binding-value b))
+           "values" ,(convert value multiple-value-p)
+           "message" ,(concat "Return from unknown block '" (symbol-name name) "'."))))))
 
 (define-compilation catch (id &rest body)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var id = " (ls-compile id) ";" *newline*
-    "try {" *newline*
-    (indent (ls-compile-block body t)) *newline*
-    "}" *newline*
-    "catch (cf){" *newline*
-    "    if (cf.type == 'catch' && cf.id == id)" *newline*
-    (if *multiple-value-p*
-        "        return values.apply(this, forcemv(cf.values));"
-        "        return pv.apply(this, forcemv(cf.values));")
-    *newline*
-    "    else" *newline*
-    "        throw cf;" *newline*
-    "}" *newline*))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (|id| ,(convert id)))
+    (try
+     ,(convert-block body t))
+    (catch (|cf|)
+      (if (and (== (get |cf| "type") "catch")
+               (== (get |cf| "id") |id|))
+          ,(if *multiple-value-p*
+               `(return (call (get |values| "apply")
+                              this
+                              (call |forcemv| (get |cf| "values"))))
+               `(return (call (get |pv| "apply")
+                              this
+                              (call |forcemv| (get |cf| "values")))))
+          (throw |cf|)))))
 
 (define-compilation throw (id value)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var values = mv;" *newline*
-    "throw ({"
-    "type: 'catch', "
-    "id: " (ls-compile id) ", "
-    "values: " (ls-compile value t) ", "
-    "message: 'Throw uncatched.'"
-    "})"))
-
-
-(defvar *tagbody-counter* 0)
-(defvar *go-tag-counter* 0)
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (|values| |mv|))
+    (throw (object
+            |type| "catch"
+            |id| ,(convert id)
+            |values| ,(convert value t)
+            |message| "Throw uncatched."))))
 
 (defun go-tag-p (x)
   (or (integerp x) (symbolp x)))
 
 (defun declare-tagbody-tags (tbidx body)
-  (let ((bindings
-         (mapcar (lambda (label)
-                   (let ((tagidx (integer-to-string (incf *go-tag-counter*))))
-                     (make-binding :name label :type 'gotag :value (list tbidx tagidx))))
-                 (remove-if-not #'go-tag-p body))))
+  (let* ((go-tag-counter 0)
+         (bindings
+          (mapcar (lambda (label)
+                    (let ((tagidx (incf go-tag-counter)))
+                      (make-binding :name label :type 'gotag :value (list tbidx tagidx))))
+                  (remove-if-not #'go-tag-p body))))
     (extend-lexenv bindings *environment* 'gotag)))
 
 (define-compilation tagbody (&rest body)
@@ -841,42 +806,40 @@
   ;; because 1) it is easy and 2) many built-in forms expand to a
   ;; implicit tagbody, so we save some space.
   (unless (some #'go-tag-p body)
-    (return-from tagbody (ls-compile `(progn ,@body nil))))
+    (return-from tagbody (convert `(progn ,@body nil))))
   ;; The translation assumes the first form in BODY is a label
   (unless (go-tag-p (car body))
     (push (gensym "START") body))
   ;; Tagbody compilation
-  (let ((tbidx *tagbody-counter*))
+  (let ((branch (gvarname 'branch))
+        (tbidx (gvarname 'tbidx)))
     (let ((*environment* (declare-tagbody-tags tbidx body))
           initag)
       (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv (first body) *environment* 'gotag)))
         (setq initag (second (binding-value b))))
-      (js!selfcall
-        "var tagbody_" tbidx " = " initag ";" *newline*
-        "tbloop:" *newline*
-        "while (true) {" *newline*
-        (indent "try {" *newline*
-                (indent (let ((content ""))
-                          (code "switch(tagbody_" tbidx "){" *newline*
-                                "case " initag ":" *newline*
-                                (dolist (form (cdr body) content)
-                                  (concatf content
-                                    (if (not (go-tag-p form))
-                                        (indent (ls-compile form) ";" *newline*)
-                                        (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv form *environment* 'gotag)))
-                                          (code "case " (second (binding-value b)) ":" *newline*)))))
-                                "default:" *newline*
-                                "    break tbloop;" *newline*
-                                "}" *newline*)))
-                "}" *newline*
-                "catch (jump) {" *newline*
-                "    if (jump.type == 'tagbody' && jump.id == " tbidx ")" *newline*
-                "        tagbody_" tbidx " = jump.label;" *newline*
-                "    else" *newline*
-                "        throw(jump);" *newline*
-                "}" *newline*)
-        "}" *newline*
-        "return " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*))))
+      `(selfcall
+        ;; TAGBODY branch to take
+        (var (,(make-symbol branch) ,initag))
+        (var (,(make-symbol tbidx) #()))
+        (label tbloop
+               (while true
+                 (try
+                  (switch ,(make-symbol branch)
+                          ,@(with-collect
+                             (collect `(case ,initag))
+                             (dolist (form (cdr body))
+                               (if (go-tag-p form)
+                                   (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv form *environment* 'gotag)))
+                                     (collect `(case ,(second (binding-value b)))))
+                                   (collect (convert form)))))
+                          default
+                          (break tbloop)))
+                 (catch (jump)
+                   (if (and (== (get jump "type") "tagbody")
+                            (== (get jump "id") ,(make-symbol tbidx)))
+                       (= ,(make-symbol branch) (get jump "label"))
+                       (throw jump)))))
+        (return ,(convert nil))))))
 
 (define-compilation go (label)
   (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv label *environment* 'gotag))
@@ -884,316 +847,49 @@
              ((symbolp label) (symbol-name label))
              ((integerp label) (integer-to-string label)))))
     (when (null b)
-      (error (concat "Unknown tag `" n "'.")))
-    (js!selfcall
-      "throw ({"
-      "type: 'tagbody', "
-      "id: " (first (binding-value b)) ", "
-      "label: " (second (binding-value b)) ", "
-      "message: 'Attempt to GO to non-existing tag " n "'"
-      "})" *newline*)))
+      (error "Unknown tag `~S'" label))
+    `(selfcall
+      (throw
+          (object
+           "type" "tagbody"
+           "id" ,(make-symbol (first (binding-value b)))
+           "label" ,(second (binding-value b))
+           "message" ,(concat "Attempt to GO to non-existing tag " n))))))
 
 (define-compilation unwind-protect (form &rest clean-up)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var ret = " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*
-    "try {" *newline*
-    (indent "ret = " (ls-compile form) ";" *newline*)
-    "} finally {" *newline*
-    (indent (ls-compile-block clean-up))
-    "}" *newline*
-    "return ret;" *newline*))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (|ret| ,(convert nil)))
+    (try
+     (= |ret| ,(convert form)))
+    (finally
+     ,(convert-block clean-up))
+    (return |ret|)))
 
 (define-compilation multiple-value-call (func-form &rest forms)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var func = " (ls-compile func-form) ";" *newline*
-    "var args = [" (if *multiple-value-p* "values" "pv") "];" *newline*
-    "return "
-    (js!selfcall
-      "var values = mv;" *newline*
-      "var vs;" *newline*
-      (mapconcat (lambda (form)
-                   (code "vs = " (ls-compile form t) ";" *newline*
-                         "if (typeof vs === 'object' && 'multiple-value' in vs)" *newline*
-                         (indent "args = args.concat(vs);" *newline*)
-                         "else" *newline*
-                         (indent "args.push(vs);" *newline*)))
-                 forms)
-      "return func.apply(window, args);" *newline*) ";" *newline*))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (func ,(convert func-form)))
+    (var (args ,(vector (if *multiple-value-p* '|values| '|pv|) 0)))
+    (return
+      (selfcall
+       (var (|values| |mv|))
+       (var vs)
+       (progn
+         ,@(with-collect
+            (dolist (form forms)
+              (collect `(= vs ,(convert form t)))
+              (collect `(if (and (=== (typeof vs) "object")
+                                 (in "multiple-value" vs))
+                            (= args (call (get args "concat") vs))
+                            (call (get args "push") vs))))))
+       (= (property args 1) (- (property args "length") 2))
+       (return (call (get func "apply") |window| args))))))
 
 (define-compilation multiple-value-prog1 (first-form &rest forms)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var args = " (ls-compile first-form *multiple-value-p*) ";" *newline*
-    (ls-compile-block forms)
-    "return args;" *newline*))
-
-
-;;; Javascript FFI
-
-(define-compilation %js-vref (var) var)
-
-(define-compilation %js-vset (var val)
-  (code "(" var " = " (ls-compile val) ")"))
-
-(define-setf-expander %js-vref (var)
-  (let ((new-value (gensym)))
-    (unless (stringp var)
-      (error "a string was expected"))
-    (values nil
-            (list var)
-            (list new-value)
-            `(%js-vset ,var ,new-value)
-            `(%js-vref ,var))))
-
-
-;;; Backquote implementation.
-;;;
-;;;    Author: Guy L. Steele Jr.     Date: 27 December 1985
-;;;    Tested under Symbolics Common Lisp and Lucid Common Lisp.
-;;;    This software is in the public domain.
-
-;;;    The following are unique tokens used during processing.
-;;;    They need not be symbols; they need not even be atoms.
-(defvar *comma* 'unquote)
-(defvar *comma-atsign* 'unquote-splicing)
-
-(defvar *bq-list* (make-symbol "BQ-LIST"))
-(defvar *bq-append* (make-symbol "BQ-APPEND"))
-(defvar *bq-list** (make-symbol "BQ-LIST*"))
-(defvar *bq-nconc* (make-symbol "BQ-NCONC"))
-(defvar *bq-clobberable* (make-symbol "BQ-CLOBBERABLE"))
-(defvar *bq-quote* (make-symbol "BQ-QUOTE"))
-(defvar *bq-quote-nil* (list *bq-quote* nil))
-
-;;; BACKQUOTE is an ordinary macro (not a read-macro) that processes
-;;; the expression foo, looking for occurrences of #:COMMA,
-;;; #:COMMA-ATSIGN, and #:COMMA-DOT.  It constructs code in strict
-;;; accordance with the rules on pages 349-350 of the first edition
-;;; (pages 528-529 of this second edition).  It then optionally
-;;; applies a code simplifier.
-
-;;; If the value of *BQ-SIMPLIFY* is non-NIL, then BACKQUOTE
-;;; processing applies the code simplifier.  If the value is NIL,
-;;; then the code resulting from BACKQUOTE is exactly that
-;;; specified by the official rules.
-(defparameter *bq-simplify* t)
-
-(defmacro backquote (x)
-  (bq-completely-process x))
-
-;;; Backquote processing proceeds in three stages:
-;;;
-;;; (1) BQ-PROCESS applies the rules to remove occurrences of
-;;; #:COMMA, #:COMMA-ATSIGN, and #:COMMA-DOT corresponding to
-;;; this level of BACKQUOTE.  (It also causes embedded calls to
-;;; BACKQUOTE to be expanded so that nesting is properly handled.)
-;;; Code is produced that is expressed in terms of functions
-;;; #:BQ-LIST, #:BQ-APPEND, and #:BQ-CLOBBERABLE.  This is done
-;;; so that the simplifier will simplify only list construction
-;;; functions actually generated by BACKQUOTE and will not involve
-;;; any user code in the simplification.  #:BQ-LIST means LIST,
-;;; #:BQ-APPEND means APPEND, and #:BQ-CLOBBERABLE means IDENTITY
-;;; but indicates places where "%." was used and where NCONC may
-;;; therefore be introduced by the simplifier for efficiency.
-;;;
-;;; (2) BQ-SIMPLIFY, if used, rewrites the code produced by
-;;; BQ-PROCESS to produce equivalent but faster code.  The
-;;; additional functions #:BQ-LIST* and #:BQ-NCONC may be
-;;; introduced into the code.
-;;;
-;;; (3) BQ-REMOVE-TOKENS goes through the code and replaces
-;;; #:BQ-LIST with LIST, #:BQ-APPEND with APPEND, and so on.
-;;; #:BQ-CLOBBERABLE is simply eliminated (a call to it being
-;;; replaced by its argument).  #:BQ-LIST* is replaced by either
-;;; LIST* or CONS (the latter is used in the two-argument case,
-;;; purely to make the resulting code a tad more readable).
-
-(defun bq-completely-process (x)
-  (let ((raw-result (bq-process x)))
-    (bq-remove-tokens (if *bq-simplify*
-                          (bq-simplify raw-result)
-                          raw-result))))
-
-(defun bq-process (x)
-  (cond ((atom x)
-         (list *bq-quote* x))
-        ((eq (car x) 'backquote)
-         (bq-process (bq-completely-process (cadr x))))
-        ((eq (car x) *comma*) (cadr x))
-        ((eq (car x) *comma-atsign*)
-         ;; (error ",@~S after `" (cadr x))
-         (error "ill-formed"))
-        ;; ((eq (car x) *comma-dot*)
-        ;;  ;; (error ",.~S after `" (cadr x))
-        ;;  (error "ill-formed"))
-        (t (do ((p x (cdr p))
-                (q '() (cons (bracket (car p)) q)))
-               ((atom p)
-                (cons *bq-append*
-                      (nreconc q (list (list *bq-quote* p)))))
-             (when (eq (car p) *comma*)
-               (unless (null (cddr p))
-                 ;; (error "Malformed ,~S" p)
-                 (error "Malformed"))
-               (return (cons *bq-append*
-                             (nreconc q (list (cadr p))))))
-             (when (eq (car p) *comma-atsign*)
-               ;; (error "Dotted ,@~S" p)
-               (error "Dotted"))
-             ;; (when (eq (car p) *comma-dot*)
-             ;;   ;; (error "Dotted ,.~S" p)
-             ;;   (error "Dotted"))
-             ))))
-
-;;; This implements the bracket operator of the formal rules.
-(defun bracket (x)
-  (cond ((atom x)
-         (list *bq-list* (bq-process x)))
-        ((eq (car x) *comma*)
-         (list *bq-list* (cadr x)))
-        ((eq (car x) *comma-atsign*)
-         (cadr x))
-        ;; ((eq (car x) *comma-dot*)
-        ;;  (list *bq-clobberable* (cadr x)))
-        (t (list *bq-list* (bq-process x)))))
-
-;;; This auxiliary function is like MAPCAR but has two extra
-;;; purposes: (1) it handles dotted lists; (2) it tries to make
-;;; the result share with the argument x as much as possible.
-(defun maptree (fn x)
-  (if (atom x)
-      (funcall fn x)
-      (let ((a (funcall fn (car x)))
-            (d (maptree fn (cdr x))))
-        (if (and (eql a (car x)) (eql d (cdr x)))
-            x
-            (cons a d)))))
-
-;;; This predicate is true of a form that when read looked
-;;; like %@foo or %.foo.
-(defun bq-splicing-frob (x)
-  (and (consp x)
-       (or (eq (car x) *comma-atsign*)
-           ;; (eq (car x) *comma-dot*)
-           )))
-
-;;; This predicate is true of a form that when read
-;;; looked like %@foo or %.foo or just plain %foo.
-(defun bq-frob (x)
-  (and (consp x)
-       (or (eq (car x) *comma*)
-           (eq (car x) *comma-atsign*)
-           ;; (eq (car x) *comma-dot*)
-           )))
-
-;;; The simplifier essentially looks for calls to #:BQ-APPEND and
-;;; tries to simplify them.  The arguments to #:BQ-APPEND are
-;;; processed from right to left, building up a replacement form.
-;;; At each step a number of special cases are handled that,
-;;; loosely speaking, look like this:
-;;;
-;;;  (APPEND (LIST a b c) foo) => (LIST* a b c foo)
-;;;       provided a, b, c are not splicing frobs
-;;;  (APPEND (LIST* a b c) foo) => (LIST* a b (APPEND c foo))
-;;;       provided a, b, c are not splicing frobs
-;;;  (APPEND (QUOTE (x)) foo) => (LIST* (QUOTE x) foo)
-;;;  (APPEND (CLOBBERABLE x) foo) => (NCONC x foo)
-(defun bq-simplify (x)
-  (if (atom x)
-      x
-      (let ((x (if (eq (car x) *bq-quote*)
-                   x
-                   (maptree #'bq-simplify x))))
-        (if (not (eq (car x) *bq-append*))
-            x
-            (bq-simplify-args x)))))
-
-(defun bq-simplify-args (x)
-  (do ((args (reverse (cdr x)) (cdr args))
-       (result
-         nil
-         (cond ((atom (car args))
-                (bq-attach-append *bq-append* (car args) result))
-               ((and (eq (caar args) *bq-list*)
-                     (notany #'bq-splicing-frob (cdar args)))
-                (bq-attach-conses (cdar args) result))
-               ((and (eq (caar args) *bq-list**)
-                     (notany #'bq-splicing-frob (cdar args)))
-                (bq-attach-conses
-                  (reverse (cdr (reverse (cdar args))))
-                  (bq-attach-append *bq-append*
-                                    (car (last (car args)))
-                                    result)))
-               ((and (eq (caar args) *bq-quote*)
-                     (consp (cadar args))
-                     (not (bq-frob (cadar args)))
-                     (null (cddar args)))
-                (bq-attach-conses (list (list *bq-quote*
-                                              (caadar args)))
-                                  result))
-               ((eq (caar args) *bq-clobberable*)
-                (bq-attach-append *bq-nconc* (cadar args) result))
-               (t (bq-attach-append *bq-append*
-                                    (car args)
-                                    result)))))
-      ((null args) result)))
-
-(defun null-or-quoted (x)
-  (or (null x) (and (consp x) (eq (car x) *bq-quote*))))
-
-;;; When BQ-ATTACH-APPEND is called, the OP should be #:BQ-APPEND
-;;; or #:BQ-NCONC.  This produces a form (op item result) but
-;;; some simplifications are done on the fly:
-;;;
-;;;  (op '(a b c) '(d e f g)) => '(a b c d e f g)
-;;;  (op item 'nil) => item, provided item is not a splicable frob
-;;;  (op item 'nil) => (op item), if item is a splicable frob
-;;;  (op item (op a b c)) => (op item a b c)
-(defun bq-attach-append (op item result)
-  (cond ((and (null-or-quoted item) (null-or-quoted result))
-         (list *bq-quote* (append (cadr item) (cadr result))))
-        ((or (null result) (equal result *bq-quote-nil*))
-         (if (bq-splicing-frob item) (list op item) item))
-        ((and (consp result) (eq (car result) op))
-         (list* (car result) item (cdr result)))
-        (t (list op item result))))
-
-;;; The effect of BQ-ATTACH-CONSES is to produce a form as if by
-;;; `(LIST* ,@items ,result) but some simplifications are done
-;;; on the fly.
-;;;
-;;;  (LIST* 'a 'b 'c 'd) => '(a b c . d)
-;;;  (LIST* a b c 'nil) => (LIST a b c)
-;;;  (LIST* a b c (LIST* d e f g)) => (LIST* a b c d e f g)
-;;;  (LIST* a b c (LIST d e f g)) => (LIST a b c d e f g)
-(defun bq-attach-conses (items result)
-  (cond ((and (every #'null-or-quoted items)
-              (null-or-quoted result))
-         (list *bq-quote*
-               (append (mapcar #'cadr items) (cadr result))))
-        ((or (null result) (equal result *bq-quote-nil*))
-         (cons *bq-list* items))
-        ((and (consp result)
-              (or (eq (car result) *bq-list*)
-                  (eq (car result) *bq-list**)))
-         (cons (car result) (append items (cdr result))))
-        (t (cons *bq-list** (append items (list result))))))
-
-;;; Removes funny tokens and changes (#:BQ-LIST* a b) into
-;;; (CONS a b) instead of (LIST* a b), purely for readability.
-(defun bq-remove-tokens (x)
-  (cond ((eq x *bq-list*) 'list)
-        ((eq x *bq-append*) 'append)
-        ((eq x *bq-nconc*) 'nconc)
-        ((eq x *bq-list**) 'list*)
-        ((eq x *bq-quote*) 'quote)
-        ((atom x) x)
-        ((eq (car x) *bq-clobberable*)
-         (bq-remove-tokens (cadr x)))
-        ((and (eq (car x) *bq-list**)
-              (consp (cddr x))
-              (null (cdddr x)))
-         (cons 'cons (maptree #'bq-remove-tokens (cdr x))))
-        (t (maptree #'bq-remove-tokens x))))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (args ,(convert first-form *multiple-value-p*)))
+    ;; TODO: Interleave is temporal
+    (progn ,@(mapcar #'convert forms))
+    (return args)))
 
 (define-transformation backquote (form)
   (bq-completely-process form))
@@ -1212,421 +908,471 @@
 
 (defmacro define-builtin (name args &body body)
   `(define-raw-builtin ,name ,args
-     (let ,(mapcar (lambda (arg) `(,arg (ls-compile ,arg))) args)
+     (let ,(mapcar (lambda (arg) `(,arg (convert ,arg))) args)
        ,@body)))
 
-;;; DECLS is a list of (JSVARNAME TYPE LISPFORM) declarations.
-(defmacro type-check (decls &body body)
-  `(js!selfcall
-     ,@(mapcar (lambda (decl)
-                 `(code "var " ,(first decl) " = " ,(third decl) ";" *newline*))
-               decls)
-     ,@(mapcar (lambda (decl)
-                 `(code "if (typeof " ,(first decl) " != '" ,(second decl) "')" *newline*
-                        (indent "throw 'The value ' + "
-                                ,(first decl)
-                                " + ' is not a type "
-                                ,(second decl)
-                                ".';"
-                                *newline*)))
-               decls)
-     (code "return " (progn ,@body) ";" *newline*)))
-
 ;;; VARIABLE-ARITY compiles variable arity operations. ARGS stands for
 ;;; a variable which holds a list of forms. It will compile them and
 ;;; store the result in some Javascript variables. BODY is evaluated
 ;;; with ARGS bound to the list of these variables to generate the
 ;;; code which performs the transformation on these variables.
-
 (defun variable-arity-call (args function)
   (unless (consp args)
     (error "ARGS must be a non-empty list"))
   (let ((counter 0)
         (fargs '())
-        (prelude ""))
+        (prelude '()))
     (dolist (x args)
-      (cond
-        ((floatp x) (push (float-to-string x) fargs))
-        ((numberp x) (push (integer-to-string x) fargs))
-        (t (let ((v (code "x" (incf counter))))
-             (push v fargs)
-             (concatf prelude
-               (code "var " v " = " (ls-compile x) ";" *newline*
-                     "if (typeof " v " !== 'number') throw 'Not a number!';"
-                     *newline*))))))
-    (js!selfcall prelude (funcall function (reverse fargs)))))
+      (if (or (floatp x) (numberp x))
+          (push x fargs)
+          (let ((v (make-symbol (concat "x" (integer-to-string (incf counter))))))
+            (push v fargs)
+            (push `(var (,v ,(convert x)))
+                  prelude)
+            (push `(if (!= (typeof ,v) "number")
+                       (throw "Not a number!"))
+                  prelude))))
+    `(selfcall
+      (progn ,@(reverse prelude))
+      ,(funcall function (reverse fargs)))))
 
 
 (defmacro variable-arity (args &body body)
   (unless (symbolp args)
-    (error "Bad usage of VARIABLE-ARITY, you must pass a symbol"))
-  `(variable-arity-call ,args
-                        (lambda (,args)
-                          (code "return " ,@body ";" *newline*))))
-
-(defun num-op-num (x op y)
-  (type-check (("x" "number" x) ("y" "number" y))
-    (code "x" op "y")))
+    (error "`~S' is not a symbol." args))
+  `(variable-arity-call ,args (lambda (,args) `(return  ,,@body))))
 
 (define-raw-builtin + (&rest numbers)
   (if (null numbers)
-      "0"
+      0
       (variable-arity numbers
-	(join numbers "+"))))
+        `(+ ,@numbers))))
 
 (define-raw-builtin - (x &rest others)
   (let ((args (cons x others)))
-    (variable-arity args
-      (if (null others)
-	  (concat "-" (car args))
-	  (join args "-")))))
+    (variable-arity args `(- ,@args))))
 
 (define-raw-builtin * (&rest numbers)
   (if (null numbers)
-      "1"
-      (variable-arity numbers
-	(join numbers "*"))))
+      1
+      (variable-arity numbers `(* ,@numbers))))
 
 (define-raw-builtin / (x &rest others)
   (let ((args (cons x others)))
     (variable-arity args
       (if (null others)
-	  (concat "1 /" (car args))
-	  (join args "/")))))
+          `(/ 1 ,(car args))
+          (reduce (lambda (x y) `(/ ,x ,y))
+                  args)))))
 
-(define-builtin mod (x y) (num-op-num x "%" y))
+(define-builtin mod (x y)
+  `(% ,x ,y))
 
 
 (defun comparison-conjuntion (vars op)
   (cond
     ((null (cdr vars))
-     "true")
+     'true)
     ((null (cddr vars))
-     (concat (car vars) op (cadr vars)))
+     `(,op ,(car vars) ,(cadr vars)))
     (t
-     (concat (car vars) op (cadr vars)
-	     " && "
-	     (comparison-conjuntion (cdr vars) op)))))
+     `(and (,op ,(car vars) ,(cadr vars))
+           ,(comparison-conjuntion (cdr vars) op)))))
 
 (defmacro define-builtin-comparison (op sym)
   `(define-raw-builtin ,op (x &rest args)
      (let ((args (cons x args)))
        (variable-arity args
-	 (js!bool (comparison-conjuntion args ,sym))))))
+	 `(bool ,(comparison-conjuntion args ',sym))))))
 
-(define-builtin-comparison > ">")
-(define-builtin-comparison < "<")
-(define-builtin-comparison >= ">=")
-(define-builtin-comparison <= "<=")
-(define-builtin-comparison = "==")
+(define-builtin-comparison > >)
+(define-builtin-comparison < <)
+(define-builtin-comparison >= >=)
+(define-builtin-comparison <= <=)
+(define-builtin-comparison = ==)
+(define-builtin-comparison /= !=)
 
 (define-builtin numberp (x)
-  (js!bool (code "(typeof (" x ") == \"number\")")))
+  `(bool (== (typeof ,x) "number")))
 
 (define-builtin floor (x)
-  (type-check (("x" "number" x))
-    "Math.floor(x)"))
+  `(call (get |Math| |floor|) ,x))
 
 (define-builtin expt (x y)
-  (type-check (("x" "number" x)
-               ("y" "number" y))
-    "Math.pow(x, y)"))
+  `(call (get |Math| |pow|) ,x ,y))
 
 (define-builtin float-to-string (x)
-  (type-check (("x" "number" x))
-    "x.toString()"))
+  `(call |make_lisp_string| (call (get ,x |toString|))))
 
 (define-builtin cons (x y)
-  (code "({car: " x ", cdr: " y "})"))
+  `(object "car" ,x "cdr" ,y))
 
 (define-builtin consp (x)
-  (js!bool
-   (js!selfcall
-     "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
-     "return (typeof tmp == 'object' && 'car' in tmp);" *newline*)))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (tmp ,x))
+    (return (bool (and (== (typeof tmp) "object")
+                       (in "car" tmp))))))
 
 (define-builtin car (x)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
-    "return tmp === " (ls-compile nil)
-    "? " (ls-compile nil)
-    ": tmp.car;" *newline*))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (tmp ,x))
+    (return (if (=== tmp ,(convert nil))
+                ,(convert nil)
+                (get tmp "car")))))
 
 (define-builtin cdr (x)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
-    "return tmp === " (ls-compile nil) "? "
-    (ls-compile nil)
-    ": tmp.cdr;" *newline*))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (tmp ,x))
+    (return (if (=== tmp ,(convert nil))
+                ,(convert nil)
+                (get tmp "cdr")))))
 
 (define-builtin rplaca (x new)
-  (type-check (("x" "object" x))
-    (code "(x.car = " new ", x)")))
+  `(= (get ,x "car") ,new))
 
 (define-builtin rplacd (x new)
-  (type-check (("x" "object" x))
-    (code "(x.cdr = " new ", x)")))
+  `(= (get ,x "cdr") ,new))
 
 (define-builtin symbolp (x)
-  (js!bool
-   (js!selfcall
-     "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
-     "return (typeof tmp == 'object' && 'name' in tmp);" *newline*)))
+  `(bool (instanceof ,x |Symbol|)))
 
 (define-builtin make-symbol (name)
-  (type-check (("name" "string" name))
-    "({name: name})"))
+  `(new (call |Symbol| ,name)))
 
 (define-builtin symbol-name (x)
-  (code "(" x ").name"))
+  `(get ,x "name"))
 
 (define-builtin set (symbol value)
-  (code "(" symbol ").value = " value))
+  `(= (get ,symbol "value") ,value))
 
 (define-builtin fset (symbol value)
-  (code "(" symbol ").fvalue = " value))
+  `(= (get ,symbol "fvalue") ,value))
 
 (define-builtin boundp (x)
-  (js!bool (code "(" x ".value !== undefined)")))
+  `(bool (!== (get ,x "value") undefined)))
+
+(define-builtin fboundp (x)
+  `(bool (!== (get ,x "fvalue") undefined)))
 
 (define-builtin symbol-value (x)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var symbol = " x ";" *newline*
-    "var value = symbol.value;" *newline*
-    "if (value === undefined) throw \"Variable `\" + symbol.name + \"' is unbound.\";" *newline*
-    "return value;" *newline*))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (symbol ,x)
+         (value (get symbol "value")))
+    (if (=== value undefined)
+        (throw (+ "Variable `" (call |xstring| (get symbol "name")) "' is unbound.")))
+    (return value)))
 
 (define-builtin symbol-function (x)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var symbol = " x ";" *newline*
-    "var func = symbol.fvalue;" *newline*
-    "if (func === undefined) throw \"Function `\" + symbol.name + \"' is undefined.\";" *newline*
-    "return func;" *newline*))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (symbol ,x)
+         (func (get symbol "fvalue")))
+    (if (=== func undefined)
+        (throw (+ "Function `" (call |xstring| (get symbol "name")) "' is undefined.")))
+    (return func)))
 
 (define-builtin symbol-plist (x)
-  (code "((" x ").plist || " (ls-compile nil) ")"))
+  `(or (get ,x "plist") ,(convert nil)))
 
 (define-builtin lambda-code (x)
-  (code "(" x ").toString()"))
+  `(call |make_lisp_string| (call (get ,x "toString"))))
+
+(define-builtin eq (x y)
+  `(bool (=== ,x ,y)))
+
+(define-builtin char-code (x)
+  `(call |char_to_codepoint| ,x))
+
+(define-builtin code-char (x)
+  `(call |char_from_codepoint| ,x))
 
-(define-builtin eq    (x y) (js!bool (code "(" x " === " y ")")))
-(define-builtin equal (x y) (js!bool (code "(" x  " == " y ")")))
+(define-builtin characterp (x)
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (x ,x))
+    (return (bool
+             (and (== (typeof x) "string")
+                  (or (== (get x "length") 1)
+                      (== (get x "length") 2)))))))
 
-(define-builtin char-to-string (x)
-  (type-check (("x" "number" x))
-    "String.fromCharCode(x)"))
+(define-builtin char-upcase (x)
+  `(call |safe_char_upcase| ,x))
+
+(define-builtin char-downcase (x)
+  `(call |safe_char_downcase| ,x))
 
 (define-builtin stringp (x)
-  (js!bool (code "(typeof(" x ") == \"string\")")))
-
-(define-builtin string-upcase (x)
-  (type-check (("x" "string" x))
-    "x.toUpperCase()"))
-
-(define-builtin string-length (x)
-  (type-check (("x" "string" x))
-    "x.length"))
-
-(define-raw-builtin slice (string a &optional b)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var str = " (ls-compile string) ";" *newline*
-    "var a = " (ls-compile a) ";" *newline*
-    "var b;" *newline*
-    (when b (code "b = " (ls-compile b) ";" *newline*))
-    "return str.slice(a,b);" *newline*))
-
-(define-builtin char (string index)
-  (type-check (("string" "string" string)
-               ("index" "number" index))
-    "string.charCodeAt(index)"))
-
-(define-builtin concat-two (string1 string2)
-  (type-check (("string1" "string" string1)
-               ("string2" "string" string2))
-    "string1.concat(string2)"))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (x ,x))
+    (return (bool
+             (and (and (===(typeof x) "object")
+                       (in "length" x))
+                  (== (get x "stringp") 1))))))
 
 (define-raw-builtin funcall (func &rest args)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var f = " (ls-compile func) ";" *newline*
-    "return (typeof f === 'function'? f: f.fvalue)("
-    (join (cons (if *multiple-value-p* "values" "pv")
-                (mapcar #'ls-compile args))
-          ", ")
-    ")"))
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (f ,(convert func)))
+    (return (call (if (=== (typeof f) "function")
+                      f
+                      (get f "fvalue"))
+                  ,@(list* (if *multiple-value-p* '|values| '|pv|)
+                           (length args)
+                           (mapcar #'convert args))))))
 
 (define-raw-builtin apply (func &rest args)
   (if (null args)
-      (code "(" (ls-compile func) ")()")
+      (convert func)
       (let ((args (butlast args))
             (last (car (last args))))
-        (js!selfcall
-          "var f = " (ls-compile func) ";" *newline*
-          "var args = [" (join (cons (if *multiple-value-p* "values" "pv")
-                                     (mapcar #'ls-compile args))
-                               ", ")
-          "];" *newline*
-          "var tail = (" (ls-compile last) ");" *newline*
-          "while (tail != " (ls-compile nil) "){" *newline*
-          "    args.push(tail.car);" *newline*
-          "    tail = tail.cdr;" *newline*
-          "}" *newline*
-          "return (typeof f === 'function'? f : f.fvalue).apply(this, args);" *newline*))))
+        `(selfcall
+           (var (f ,(convert func)))
+           (var (args ,(list-to-vector
+                        (list* (if *multiple-value-p* '|values| '|pv|)
+                               (length args)
+                               (mapcar #'convert args)))))
+           (var (tail ,(convert last)))
+           (while (!= tail ,(convert nil))
+             (call (get args "push") (get tail "car"))
+             (post++ (property args 1))
+             (= tail (get tail "cdr")))
+           (return (call (get (if (=== (typeof f) "function")
+                                  f
+                                  (get f "fvalue"))
+                              "apply")
+                         this
+                         args))))))
 
 (define-builtin js-eval (string)
-  (type-check (("string" "string" string))
-    (if *multiple-value-p*
-        (js!selfcall
-          "var v = globalEval(string);" *newline*
-          "if (typeof v !== 'object' || !('multiple-value' in v)){" *newline*
-          (indent "v = [v];" *newline*
-                  "v['multiple-value'] = true;" *newline*)
-          "}" *newline*
-          "return values.apply(this, v);" *newline*)
-        "globalEval(string)")))
-
-(define-builtin error (string)
-  (js!selfcall "throw " string ";" *newline*))
-
-(define-builtin new () "{}")
+  (if *multiple-value-p*
+      `(selfcall
+        (var (v (call |globalEval| (call |xstring| ,string))))
+        (return (call (get |values| "apply") this (call |forcemv| v))))
+      `(call |globalEval| (call |xstring| ,string))))
 
-(define-builtin objectp (x)
-  (js!bool (code "(typeof (" x ") === 'object')")))
+(define-builtin %throw (string)
+  `(selfcall (throw ,string)))
 
-(define-builtin oget (object key)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var tmp = " "(" object ")[" key "];" *newline*
-    "return tmp == undefined? " (ls-compile nil) ": tmp ;" *newline*))
+(define-builtin functionp (x)
+  `(bool (=== (typeof ,x) "function")))
 
-(define-builtin oset (object key value)
-  (code "((" object ")[" key "] = " value ")"))
+(define-builtin %write-string (x)
+  `(call (get |lisp| "write") ,x))
 
-(define-builtin in (key object)
-  (js!bool (code "((" key ") in (" object "))")))
+(define-builtin /debug (x)
+  `(call (get |console| "log") (call |xstring| ,x)))
 
-(define-builtin functionp (x)
-  (js!bool (code "(typeof " x " == 'function')")))
-
-(define-builtin write-string (x)
-  (type-check (("x" "string" x))
-    "lisp.write(x)"))
-
-(define-builtin make-array (n)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var r = [];" *newline*
-    "for (var i = 0; i < " n "; i++)" *newline*
-    (indent "r.push(" (ls-compile nil) ");" *newline*)
-    "return r;" *newline*))
-
-(define-builtin arrayp (x)
-  (js!bool
-   (js!selfcall
-     "var x = " x ";" *newline*
-     "return typeof x === 'object' && 'length' in x;")))
-
-(define-builtin aref (array n)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var x = " "(" array ")[" n "];" *newline*
-    "if (x === undefined) throw 'Out of range';" *newline*
-    "return x;" *newline*))
-
-(define-builtin aset (array n value)
-  (js!selfcall
-    "var x = " array ";" *newline*
-    "var i = " n ";" *newline*
-    "if (i < 0 || i >= x.length) throw 'Out of range';" *newline*
-    "return x[i] = " value ";" *newline*))
+
+;;; Storage vectors. They are used to implement arrays and (in the
+;;; future) structures.
+
+(define-builtin storage-vector-p (x)
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (x ,x))
+    (return (bool (and (=== (typeof x) "object") (in "length" x))))))
+
+(define-builtin make-storage-vector (n)
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (r #()))
+    (= (get r "length") ,n)
+    (return r)))
+
+(define-builtin storage-vector-size (x)
+  `(get ,x "length"))
+
+(define-builtin resize-storage-vector (vector new-size)
+  `(= (get ,vector "length") ,new-size))
+
+(define-builtin storage-vector-ref (vector n)
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (x (property ,vector ,n)))
+    (if (=== x undefined) (throw "Out of range."))
+    (return x)))
+
+(define-builtin storage-vector-set (vector n value)
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (x ,vector))
+    (var (i ,n))
+    (if (or (< i 0) (>= i (get x "length")))
+        (throw "Out of range."))
+    (return (= (property x i) ,value))))
+
+(define-builtin concatenate-storage-vector (sv1 sv2)
+  `(selfcall
+     (var (sv1 ,sv1))
+     (var (r (call (get sv1 "concat") ,sv2)))
+     (= (get r "type") (get sv1 "type"))
+     (= (get r "stringp") (get sv1 "stringp"))
+     (return r)))
 
 (define-builtin get-internal-real-time ()
-  "(new Date()).getTime()")
+  `(call (get (new (call |Date|)) "getTime")))
 
 (define-builtin values-array (array)
   (if *multiple-value-p*
-      (code "values.apply(this, " array ")")
-      (code "pv.apply(this, " array ")")))
+      `(call (get |values| "apply") this ,array)
+      `(call (get |pv| "apply") this ,array)))
 
 (define-raw-builtin values (&rest args)
   (if *multiple-value-p*
-      (code "values(" (join (mapcar #'ls-compile args) ", ") ")")
-      (code "pv(" (join (mapcar #'ls-compile args) ", ") ")")))
-
-;; Receives the JS function as first argument as a literal string. The
-;; second argument is compiled and should evaluate to a vector of
-;; values to apply to the the function. The result returned.
-(define-builtin %js-call (fun args)
-  (code fun ".apply(this, " args ")"))
-
-(defun macro (x)
-  (and (symbolp x)
-       (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv x *environment* 'function)))
-         (if (and b (eq (binding-type b) 'macro))
-             b
-             nil))))
-
-#+common-lisp
+      `(call |values| ,@(mapcar #'convert args))
+      `(call |pv| ,@(mapcar #'convert args))))
+
+;;; Javascript FFI
+
+(define-builtin new ()
+  '(object))
+
+(define-raw-builtin oget* (object key &rest keys)
+  `(selfcall
+    (progn
+      (var (tmp (property ,(convert object) (call |xstring| ,(convert key)))))
+      ,@(mapcar (lambda (key)
+                  `(progn
+                     (if (=== tmp undefined) (return ,(convert nil)))
+                     (= tmp (property tmp (call |xstring| ,(convert key))))))
+                keys))
+    (return (if (=== tmp undefined) ,(convert nil) tmp))))
+
+(define-raw-builtin oset* (value object key &rest keys)
+  (let ((keys (cons key keys)))
+    `(selfcall
+      (progn
+        (var (obj ,(convert object)))
+        ,@(mapcar (lambda (key)
+                    `(progn
+                       (= obj (property obj (call |xstring| ,(convert key))))
+                       (if (=== object undefined)
+                           (throw "Impossible to set object property."))))
+                  (butlast keys))
+        (var (tmp
+              (= (property obj (call |xstring| ,(convert (car (last keys)))))
+                 ,(convert value))))
+        (return (if (=== tmp undefined)
+                    ,(convert nil)
+                    tmp))))))
+
+(define-raw-builtin oget (object key &rest keys)
+  `(call |js_to_lisp| ,(convert `(oget* ,object ,key ,@keys))))
+
+(define-raw-builtin oset (value object key &rest keys)
+  (convert `(oset* (lisp-to-js ,value) ,object ,key ,@keys)))
+
+(define-builtin objectp (x)
+  `(bool (=== (typeof ,x) "object")))
+
+(define-builtin lisp-to-js (x) `(call |lisp_to_js| ,x))
+(define-builtin js-to-lisp (x) `(call |js_to_lisp| ,x))
+
+
+(define-builtin in (key object)
+  `(bool (in (call |xstring| ,key) ,object)))
+
+(define-builtin map-for-in (function object)
+  `(selfcall
+    (var (f ,function)
+         (g (if (=== (typeof f) "function") f (get f "fvalue")))
+         (o ,object))
+    (for-in (key o)
+            (call g ,(if *multiple-value-p* '|values| '|pv|) 1 (get o "key")))
+    (return ,(convert nil))))
+
+(define-compilation %js-vref (var)
+  `(call |js_to_lisp| ,(make-symbol var)))
+
+(define-compilation %js-vset (var val)
+  `(= ,(make-symbol var) (call |lisp_to_js| ,(convert val))))
+
+(define-setf-expander %js-vref (var)
+  (let ((new-value (gensym)))
+    (unless (stringp var)
+      (error "`~S' is not a string." var))
+    (values nil
+            (list var)
+            (list new-value)
+            `(%js-vset ,var ,new-value)
+            `(%js-vref ,var))))
+
+
+#-jscl
 (defvar *macroexpander-cache*
   (make-hash-table :test #'eq))
 
-(defun ls-macroexpand-1 (form)
+(defun !macro-function (symbol)
+  (unless (symbolp symbol)
+    (error "`~S' is not a symbol." symbol))
+  (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv symbol *environment* 'function)))
+    (if (and b (eq (binding-type b) 'macro))
+        (let ((expander (binding-value b)))
+          (cond
+            #-jscl
+            ((gethash b *macroexpander-cache*)
+             (setq expander (gethash b *macroexpander-cache*)))
+            ((listp expander)
+             (let ((compiled (eval expander)))
+               ;; The list representation are useful while
+               ;; bootstrapping, as we can dump the definition of the
+               ;; macros easily, but they are slow because we have to
+               ;; evaluate them and compile them now and again. So, let
+               ;; us replace the list representation version of the
+               ;; function with the compiled one.
+               ;;
+               #+jscl (setf (binding-value b) compiled)
+               #-jscl (setf (gethash b *macroexpander-cache*) compiled)
+               (setq expander compiled))))
+          expander)
+        nil)))
+
+(defun !macroexpand-1 (form)
   (cond
     ((symbolp form)
      (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv form *environment* 'variable)))
        (if (and b (eq (binding-type b) 'macro))
            (values (binding-value b) t)
            (values form nil))))
-    ((consp form)
-     (let ((macro-binding (macro (car form))))
-       (if macro-binding
-           (let ((expander (binding-value macro-binding)))
-             (cond
-               #+common-lisp
-               ((gethash macro-binding *macroexpander-cache*)
-                (setq expander (gethash macro-binding *macroexpander-cache*)))
-               ((listp expander)
-                (let ((compiled (eval expander)))
-                  ;; The list representation are useful while
-                  ;; bootstrapping, as we can dump the definition of the
-                  ;; macros easily, but they are slow because we have to
-                  ;; evaluate them and compile them now and again. So, let
-                  ;; us replace the list representation version of the
-                  ;; function with the compiled one.
-                  ;;
-                  #+jscl (setf (binding-value macro-binding) compiled)
-                  #+common-lisp (setf (gethash macro-binding *macroexpander-cache*) compiled)
-                  (setq expander compiled))))
-             (values (apply expander (cdr form)) t))
+    ((and (consp form) (symbolp (car form)))
+     (let ((macrofun (!macro-function (car form))))
+       (if macrofun
+           (values (funcall macrofun (cdr form)) t)
            (values form nil))))
     (t
      (values form nil))))
 
 (defun compile-funcall (function args)
-  (let* ((values-funcs (if *multiple-value-p* "values" "pv"))
-         (arglist (concat "(" (join (cons values-funcs (mapcar #'ls-compile args)) ", ") ")")))
+  (let* ((arglist (list* (if *multiple-value-p* '|values| '|pv|)
+                         (length args)
+                         (mapcar #'convert args))))
     (unless (or (symbolp function)
                 (and (consp function)
-                     (eq (car function) 'lambda)))
-      (error "Bad function"))
+                     (member (car function) '(lambda oget))))
+      (error "Bad function designator `~S'" function))
     (cond
       ((translate-function function)
-       (concat (translate-function function) arglist))
+       `(call ,(make-symbol (translate-function function)) ,@arglist))
       ((and (symbolp function)
             #+jscl (eq (symbol-package function) (find-package "COMMON-LISP"))
-            #+common-lisp t)
-       (code (ls-compile `',function) ".fvalue" arglist))
+            #-jscl t)
+       `(call (get ,(convert `',function) "fvalue") ,@arglist))
+      #+jscl((symbolp function)
+             `(call ,(convert `#',function) ,@arglist))
+      ((and (consp function) (eq (car function) 'lambda))
+       `(call ,(convert `#',function) ,@arglist))
+      ((and (consp function) (eq (car function) 'oget))
+       `(call ,(convert function) ,@arglist))
       (t
-       (code (ls-compile `#',function) arglist)))))
-
-(defun ls-compile-block (sexps &optional return-last-p)
-  (if return-last-p
-      (code (ls-compile-block (butlast sexps))
-            "return " (ls-compile (car (last sexps)) *multiple-value-p*) ";")
-      (join-trailing
-       (remove-if #'null-or-empty-p (mapcar #'ls-compile sexps))
-       (concat ";" *newline*))))
-
-(defun ls-compile (sexp &optional multiple-value-p)
-  (multiple-value-bind (sexp expandedp) (ls-macroexpand-1 sexp)
+       (error "Bad function descriptor")))))
+
+(defun convert-block (sexps &optional return-last-p decls-allowed-p)
+  (multiple-value-bind (sexps decls)
+      (parse-body sexps :declarations decls-allowed-p)
+    (declare (ignore decls))
+    (if return-last-p
+        `(progn
+           ,@(mapcar #'convert (butlast sexps))
+           (return ,(convert (car (last sexps)) *multiple-value-p*)))
+        `(progn ,@(mapcar #'convert sexps)))))
+
+(defun convert* (sexp &optional multiple-value-p)
+  (multiple-value-bind (sexp expandedp) (!macroexpand-1 sexp)
     (when expandedp
-      (return-from ls-compile (ls-compile sexp multiple-value-p)))
+      (return-from convert* (convert sexp multiple-value-p)))
     ;; The expression has been macroexpanded. Now compile it!
     (let ((*multiple-value-p* multiple-value-p))
       (cond
@@ -1634,16 +1380,14 @@
          (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv sexp *environment* 'variable)))
            (cond
              ((and b (not (member 'special (binding-declarations b))))
-              (binding-value b))
+              (make-symbol (binding-value b)))
              ((or (keywordp sexp)
                   (and b (member 'constant (binding-declarations b))))
-              (code (ls-compile `',sexp) ".value"))
+              `(get ,(convert `',sexp) "value"))
              (t
-              (ls-compile `(symbol-value ',sexp))))))
-        ((integerp sexp) (integer-to-string sexp))
-        ((floatp sexp) (float-to-string sexp))
-        ((stringp sexp) (code "\"" (escape-string sexp) "\""))
-        ((arrayp sexp) (literal sexp))
+              (convert `(symbol-value ',sexp))))))
+        ((or (integerp sexp) (floatp sexp) (characterp sexp) (stringp sexp) (arrayp sexp))
+         (literal sexp))
         ((listp sexp)
          (let ((name (car sexp))
                (args (cdr sexp)))
@@ -1660,7 +1404,10 @@
              (t
               (compile-funcall name args)))))
         (t
-         (error (concat "How should I compile " (prin1-to-string sexp) "?")))))))
+         (error "How should I compile `~S'?" sexp))))))
+
+(defun convert (sexp &optional multiple-value-p)
+  (convert* sexp multiple-value-p))
 
 
 (defvar *compile-print-toplevels* nil)
@@ -1670,23 +1417,25 @@
                (min width (length string)))))
     (subseq string 0 n)))
 
-(defun ls-compile-toplevel (sexp &optional multiple-value-p)
+(defun convert-toplevel (sexp &optional multiple-value-p)
   (let ((*toplevel-compilations* nil))
     (cond
-      ((and (consp sexp) (eq (car sexp) 'progn))
-       (let ((subs (mapcar (lambda (s)
-                             (ls-compile-toplevel s t))
-                           (cdr sexp))))
-         (join (remove-if #'null-or-empty-p subs))))
+      ;; Non-empty toplevel progn
+      ((and (consp sexp)
+            (eq (car sexp) 'progn)
+            (cdr sexp))
+       `(progn
+          ,@(mapcar (lambda (s) (convert-toplevel s t))
+                    (cdr sexp))))
       (t
        (when *compile-print-toplevels*
          (let ((form-string (prin1-to-string sexp)))
-           (write-string "Compiling ")
-           (write-string (truncate-string form-string))
-           (write-line "...")))
-
-       (let ((code (ls-compile sexp multiple-value-p)))
-         (code (join-trailing (get-toplevel-compilations)
-                              (code ";" *newline*))
-               (when code
-                 (code code ";" *newline*))))))))
+           (format t "Compiling ~a..." (truncate-string form-string))))
+       (let ((code (convert sexp multiple-value-p)))
+         `(progn
+            ,@(get-toplevel-compilations)
+            ,code))))))
+
+(defun compile-toplevel (sexp &optional multiple-value-p)
+  (with-output-to-string (*standard-output*)
+    (js (convert-toplevel sexp multiple-value-p))))