2 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
4 @cindex Packages, locked
6 None of the following sections apply to SBCL built without package
9 The interface described here is experimental: incompatible changes in
10 future SBCL releases are possible, even expected: the concept of
11 ``implementation packages'' and the associated operators may be renamed;
12 more operations (such as naming restarts or catch tags) may be added to
13 the list of operations violating package locks.
16 * Package Lock Concepts::
17 * Package Lock Dictionary::
20 @node Package Lock Concepts
21 @section Package Lock Concepts
24 * Package Lock Overview::
25 * Implementation Packages::
26 * Package Lock Violations::
27 * Package Locks in Compiled Code::
28 * Operations Violating Package Locks::
31 @node Package Lock Overview
32 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
33 @subsection Package Locking Overview
35 Package locks protect against unintentional modifications of a package:
36 they provide similar protection to user packages as is mandated to
37 @code{common-lisp} package by the ANSI specification. They are not, and
38 should not be used as, a security measure.
40 Newly created packages are by default unlocked (see the @code{:lock}
41 option to @code{defpackage}).
43 The package @code{common-lisp} and SBCL internal implementation
44 packages are locked by default, including @code{sb-ext}.
46 It may be beneficial to lock @code{common-lisp-user} as well, to
47 ensure that various libraries don't pollute it without asking,
48 but this is not currently done by default.
50 @node Implementation Packages
51 @subsection Implementation Packages
52 @vindex @cl{@earmuffs{package}}
53 @findex @cl{defpackage}
55 Each package has a list of associated implementation packages. A
56 locked package, and the symbols whose home package it is, can be
57 modified without violating package locks only when @code{*package*} is
58 bound to one of the implementation packages of the locked package.
60 Unless explicitly altered by @code{defpackage},
61 @code{sb-ext:add-implementation-package}, or
62 @code{sb-ext:remove-implementation-package} each package is its own
63 (only) implementation package.
65 @node Package Lock Violations
66 @subsection Package Lock Violations
67 @tindex @sbext{package-lock-violation}
68 @tindex @sbext{package-locked-error}
69 @tindex @sbext{symbol-package-locked-error}
70 @tindex @cl{package-error}
72 @subsubsection Lexical Bindings and Declarations
78 @findex @cl{symbol-macrolet}
81 @findex @sbext{disable-package-locks}
82 @findex @sbext{enable-package-locks}
84 Lexical bindings or declarations that violate package locks cause a
85 compile-time warning, and a runtime @code{program-error} when the form
86 that violates package locks would be executed.
88 A complete listing of operators affect by this is: @code{let},
89 @code{let*}, @code{flet}, @code{labels}, @code{macrolet}, and
90 @code{symbol-macrolet}, @code{declare}.
92 Package locks affecting both lexical bindings and declarations can be
93 disabled locally with @code{sb-ext:disable-package-locks} declaration,
94 and re-enabled with @code{sb-ext:enable-package-locks} declaration.
103 (defmacro with-foo (&body body)
104 `(locally (declare (disable-package-locks locked:foo))
106 (declare (enable-package-locks locked:foo)) ; re-enable for body
110 @subsubsection Other Operations
112 If an non-lexical operation violates a package lock, a continuable
113 error that is of a subtype of @code{sb-ext:package-lock-violation}
114 (subtype of @code{package-error}) is signalled when the operation is
117 Additional restarts may be established for continuable package lock
118 violations for interactive use.
120 The actual type of the error depends on circumstances that caused the
121 violation: operations on packages signal errors of type
122 @code{sb-ext:package-locked-error}, and operations on symbols signal
123 errors of type @code{sb-ext:symbol-package-locked-error}.
126 @node Package Locks in Compiled Code
127 @subsection Package Locks in Compiled Code
129 @subsubsection Interned Symbols
131 If file-compiled code contains interned symbols, then loading that code
132 into an image without the said symbols will not cause a package lock
133 violation, even if the packages in question are locked.
135 @subsubsection Other Limitations on Compiled Code
137 With the exception of interned symbols, behaviour is unspecified if
138 package locks affecting compiled code are not the same during loading
139 of the code or execution.
141 Specifically, code compiled with packages unlocked may or may not fail
142 to signal package-lock-violations even if the packages are locked at
143 runtime, and code compiled with packages locked may or may not signal
144 spurious package-lock-violations at runtime even if the packages are
147 In practice all this means that package-locks have a negligible
148 performance penalty in compiled code as long as they are not violated.
150 @node Operations Violating Package Locks
151 @subsection Operations Violating Package Locks
153 @subsubsection Operations on Packages
155 The following actions cause a package lock violation if the package
156 operated on is locked, and @code{*package*} is not an implementation
157 package of that package, and the action would cause a change in the
158 state of the package (so e.g. exporting already external symbols is
159 never a violation). Package lock violations caused by these operations
160 signal errors of type @code{sb-ext:package-locked-error}.
164 Shadowing a symbol in a package.
167 Importing a symbol to a package.
170 Uninterning a symbol from a package.
173 Exporting a symbol from a package.
176 Unexporting a symbol from a package.
179 Changing the packages used by a package.
188 Adding a new package local nickname to a package.
191 Removing an existing package local nickname to a package.
195 @subsubsection Operations on Symbols
197 Following actions cause a package lock violation if the home package
198 of the symbol operated on is locked, and @code{*package*} is not an
199 implementation package of that package. Package lock violations caused
200 by these action signal errors of type
201 @code{sb-ext:symbol-package-locked-error}.
203 These actions cause only one package lock violation per lexically
204 apparent violated package.
209 ;;; Packages FOO and BAR are locked.
211 ;;; Two lexically apparent violated packages: exactly two
212 ;;; package-locked-errors will be signalled.
214 (defclass foo:point ()
216 (y :accessor bar:y)))
221 Binding or altering its value lexically or dynamically, or
222 establishing it as a symbol-macro.
228 If the symbol is not defined as a constant, global symbol-macro or a
229 global dynamic variable, it may be lexically bound or established as a
233 If the symbol is defined as a global dynamic variable, it may be
239 Defining, undefining, or binding it, or its setf name as a function.
245 If the symbol is not defined as a function, macro, or special operator
246 it and its setf name may be lexically bound as a function.
251 Defining, undefining, or binding it as a macro or compiler macro.
257 If the symbol is not defined as a function, macro, or special operator
258 it may be lexically bound as a macro.
263 Defining it as a type specifier or structure.
266 Defining it as a declaration with a declaration proclamation.
269 Declaring or proclaiming it special.
272 Declaring or proclaiming its type or ftype.
278 If the symbol may be lexically bound, the type of that binding may be
282 If the symbol may be lexically bound as a function, the ftype of that
283 binding may be declared.
288 Defining a setf expander for it.
291 Defining it as a method combination type.
294 Using it as the class-name argument to setf of find-class.
297 Defining it as a hash table test using @code{sb-ext:define-hash-table-test}.
301 @node Package Lock Dictionary
302 @section Package Lock Dictionary
304 @deffn {Declaration} @sbext{disable-package-locks}
306 Syntax: @code{(sb-ext:disable-package-locks symbol*)}
308 Disables package locks affecting the named symbols during compilation
309 in the lexical scope of the declaration. Disabling locks on symbols
310 whose home package is unlocked, or disabling an already disabled lock,
314 @deffn {Declaration} @sbext{enable-package-locks}
316 Syntax: @code{(sb-ext:enable-package-locks symbol*)}
318 Re-enables package locks affecting the named symbols during compilation
319 in the lexical scope of the declaration. Enabling locks that were not
320 first disabled with @code{sb-ext:disable-package-locks} declaration, or
321 enabling locks that are already enabled has no effect.
324 @include condition-sb-ext-package-lock-violation.texinfo
325 @include condition-sb-ext-package-locked-error.texinfo
326 @include condition-sb-ext-symbol-package-locked-error.texinfo
328 @defun @sbext{package-locked-error-symbol} symbol-package-locked-error
330 Returns the symbol that caused the @code{symbol-package-locked-error}
334 @include fun-sb-ext-package-locked-p.texinfo
335 @include fun-sb-ext-lock-package.texinfo
336 @include fun-sb-ext-unlock-package.texinfo
337 @include fun-sb-ext-package-implemented-by-list.texinfo
338 @include fun-sb-ext-package-implements-list.texinfo
339 @include fun-sb-ext-add-implementation-package.texinfo
340 @include fun-sb-ext-remove-implementation-package.texinfo
341 @include macro-sb-ext-without-package-locks.texinfo
342 @include macro-sb-ext-with-unlocked-packages.texinfo
344 @defmac @cl{defpackage} name [[option]]* @result{} package
346 Options are extended to include the following:
350 @code{:lock} @var{boolean}
352 If the argument to @code{:lock} is @code{t}, the package is initially
353 locked. If @code{:lock} is not provided it defaults to @code{nil}.
356 @code{:implement} @var{package-designator}*
358 The package is added as an implementation package to the packages
359 named. If @code{:implement} is not provided, it defaults to the
366 (defpackage "FOO" (:export "BAR") (:lock t) (:implement))
367 (defpackage "FOO-INT" (:use "FOO") (:implement "FOO" "FOO-INT"))
371 (defpackage "FOO") (:export "BAR"))
373 (remove-implementation-package "FOO" "FOO")
374 (defpackage "FOO-INT" (:use "BAR"))
375 (add-implementation-package "FOO-INT" "FOO")