3 ;; Copyright (C) 2013 David Vazquez
5 ;; JSCL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
6 ;; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
7 ;; published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
8 ;; License, or (at your option) any later version.
10 ;; JSCL is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
11 ;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
13 ;; General Public License for more details.
15 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 ;; along with JSCL. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25 ;;;; Random Common Lisp code useful to use here and there.
27 (defmacro with-gensyms ((&rest vars) &body body)
28 `(let ,(mapcar (lambda (var) `(,var (gensym ,(concatenate 'string (string var) "-")))) vars)
32 (and (consp x) (null (cdr x))))
38 (defun generic-printer (x stream)
39 (print-unreadable-object (x stream :type t :identity t)))
41 ;;; A generic counter mechanism. IDs are used generally for debugging
42 ;;; purposes. You can bind *counter-alist* to NIL to reset the
43 ;;; counters in a dynamic extent.
44 (defvar *counter-alist* nil)
45 (defun generate-id (class)
46 (let ((e (assoc class *counter-alist*)))
50 (push (cons class 1) *counter-alist*)))))
53 ;;;; Intermediate representation structures
55 ;;;; This intermediate representation (IR) is a simplified version of
56 ;;;; the first intermediate representation what you will find if you
57 ;;;; have a look to the source code of SBCL. Some terminology is also
58 ;;;; used, but other is changed, so be careful if you assume you know
59 ;;;; what it is because you know the name.
61 ;;;; Computations are represented by `node'. Nodes are grouped
62 ;;;; sequencially into `basic-block'. It is a plain representation
63 ;;;; rather than a nested one. Computations take data and produce a
64 ;;;; value. Both data transfer are represented by `lvar'.
68 ;;; A (lexical) variable. Special variables has not a special
69 ;;; representation in the IR. They are handled by the primitive
70 ;;; functions `%symbol-function' and `%symbol-value'.
71 (defstruct (var (:include leaf))
72 ;; The symbol which names this variable in the source code.
75 ;;; A literal Lisp object. It usually comes from a quoted expression.
76 (defstruct (constant (:include leaf))
80 ;;; A lambda expression. Why do we name it `functional'? Well,
81 ;;; function is reserved by the ANSI, isn't it?
82 (defstruct (functional (:include leaf) (:print-object generic-printer))
83 ;; The symbol which names this function in the source code or null
84 ;; if we do not know or it is an anonymous function.
90 ;;; An abstract place where the result of a computation is stored and
91 ;;; it can be referenced from other nodes, so lvars are responsible
92 ;;; for keeping the necessary information of the nested structure of
93 ;;; the code in this plain representation.
95 (id (generate-id 'lvar)))
97 ;;; A base structure for every single computation. Most of the
98 ;;; computations are valued.
99 (defstruct (node (:print-object generic-printer))
100 ;; The next and the prev slots are the next nodes and the previous
101 ;; node in the basic block sequence respectively.
103 ;; Lvar which stands for the result of the computation of this node.
106 ;;; Sentinel nodes in the basic block sequence of nodes.
107 (defstruct (block-entry (:include node)))
108 (defstruct (block-exit (:include node)))
110 ;;; A reference to a leaf (variable, constant and functions). The
111 ;;; meaning of this node is leaving the leaf into the lvar of the
113 (defstruct (ref (:include node))
116 ;;; An assignation of the LVAR VALUE into the var VARIABLE.
117 (defstruct (assignment (:include node))
121 ;;; A base node to function calls with a list of lvar as ARGUMENTS.
122 (defstruct (combination (:include node) (:constructor))
125 ;;; A function call to the ordinary Lisp function in the lvar FUNCTION.
126 (defstruct (call (:include combination))
129 ;;; A function call to the primitive FUNCTION.
130 (defstruct (primitive-call (:include combination))
134 ;;; A conditional branch. If the LVAR is not NIL, then we will jump to
135 ;;; the basic block CONSEQUENT, jumping to ALTERNATIVE otherwise. By
136 ;;; definition, a conditional must appear at the end of a basic block.
137 (defstruct (conditional (:include node))
144 ;;; Blocks are `basic block`. Basic blocks are organized as a control
145 ;;; flow graph with some more information in omponents.
146 (defstruct (basic-block
147 (:conc-name "BLOCK-")
148 (:constructor make-block)
150 (:print-object generic-printer))
151 (id (generate-id 'basic-block))
152 ;; List of successors and predecessors of this basic block. They are
153 ;; null only for deleted blocks and component's entry and exit.
155 ;; The sentinel nodes of the sequence.
157 ;; The component where the basic block belongs to.
159 ;; The order in the reverse post ordering of the blocks.
161 ;; A bit-vector representing the set of dominators. See the function
162 ;; `compute-dominators' to know how to use it properly.
164 ;; Arbitrary data which could be necessary to keep during IR
168 ;;; Sentinel nodes in the control flow graph of basic blocks.
169 (defstruct (component-entry (:include basic-block)))
170 (defstruct (component-exit (:include basic-block)))
172 ;;; Return T if B is an empty basic block and NIL otherwise.
173 (defun empty-block-p (b)
174 (or (boundary-block-p b)
175 (block-exit-p (node-next (block-entry b)))))
177 (defun boundary-block-p (block)
178 (or (component-entry-p block)
179 (component-exit-p block)))
181 ;;; Iterate across the nodes in a basic block forward.
183 ((node block &optional result &key include-sentinel-p) &body body)
184 `(do ((,node ,(if include-sentinel-p
185 `(block-entry ,block)
186 `(node-next (block-entry ,block)))
188 (,(if include-sentinel-p
190 `(block-exit-p ,node))
194 ;;; Iterate across the nodes in a basic block backward.
195 (defmacro do-nodes-backward
196 ((node block &optional result &key include-sentinel-p) &body body)
197 `(do ((,node ,(if include-sentinel-p
199 `(node-prev (block-entry ,block)))
201 (,(if include-sentinel-p
203 `(block-entry-p ,node))
207 ;;; Link FROM and TO nodes together. FROM and TO must belong to the
208 ;;; same basic block and appear in such order. The nodes between FROM
209 ;;; and TO are discarded.
210 (defun link-nodes (from to)
211 (setf (node-next from) to
216 ;;; Components are connected pieces of the control flow graph of
217 ;;; basic blocks with some additional information. Components have
218 ;;; well-defined entry and exit nodes. It is the toplevel
219 ;;; organizational entity in the compiler. The IR translation result
220 ;;; is accumulated into components incrementally.
221 (defstruct (component (:print-object generic-printer))
222 (id (generate-id 'component))
227 ;; TODO: Replace with a flags slot for indicate what
228 ;; analysis/transformations have been carried out.
232 ;;; The current component.
235 ;;; Create a new fresh empty basic block in the current component.
236 (defun make-empty-block ()
237 (let ((entry (make-block-entry))
238 (exit (make-block-exit)))
239 (link-nodes entry exit)
240 (let ((block (make-block :entry entry :exit exit :component *component*)))
241 (push block (component-blocks *component*))
244 ;;; Create a new component with an empty basic block, ready to start
245 ;;; conversion to IR. It returns the component and the basic block as
247 (defun make-empty-component (&optional name)
248 (let ((*component* (make-component :name name)))
249 (let ((entry (make-component-entry :component *component*))
250 (exit (make-component-exit :component *component*))
251 (block (make-empty-block)))
252 (push entry (component-blocks *component*))
253 (push exit (component-blocks *component*))
254 (setf (block-succ entry) (list block)
255 (block-pred exit) (list block)
256 (block-succ block) (list exit)
257 (block-pred block) (list entry)
258 (component-entry *component*) entry
259 (component-exit *component*) exit)
260 (values *component* block))))
262 ;;; A few consistency checks in the IR useful for catching bugs.
263 (defun check-ir-consistency (&optional (component *component*))
264 (with-simple-restart (continue "Continue execution")
265 (dolist (block (component-blocks component))
266 (dolist (succ (block-succ block))
267 (unless (find block (block-pred succ))
268 (error "The block `~S' does not belong to the predecessors list of the its successor `~S'"
270 (unless (or (boundary-block-p succ) (find succ (component-blocks component)))
271 (error "Block `~S' is reachable from its predecessor `~S' but it is not in the component `~S'"
272 succ block component)))
273 (dolist (pred (block-pred block))
274 (unless (find block (block-succ pred))
275 (error "The block `~S' does not belong to the successors' list of its predecessor `~S'"
277 (unless (or (boundary-block-p pred) (find pred (component-blocks component)))
278 (error "Block `~S' is reachable from its sucessor `~S' but it is not in the component `~S'"
279 pred block component))))))
281 ;;; Prepare a new component with a current empty block ready to start
282 ;;; IR conversion bound in the current cursor. BODY is evaluated and
283 ;;; the value of the last form is returned.
284 (defmacro with-component-compilation ((&optional name) &body body)
285 (with-gensyms (block)
286 `(multiple-value-bind (*component* ,block)
287 (make-empty-component ,name)
288 (let ((*cursor* (cursor :block ,block)))
291 ;;; Call function for each reachable block in component in
292 ;;; post-order. The consequences are unspecified if a block is
293 ;;; FUNCTION modifies a block which has not been processed yet.
294 (defun map-postorder-blocks (function component)
296 (labels ((compute-from (block)
297 (unless (find block seen)
299 (dolist (successor (block-succ block))
300 (unless (component-exit-p block)
301 (compute-from successor)))
302 (funcall function block))))
303 (compute-from (component-entry component))
306 ;;; Change all the predecessors of BLOCK to precede NEW-BLOCK
307 ;;; instead. As consequence, BLOCK becomes unreachable.
308 (defun replace-block (block new-block)
309 (let ((predecessors (block-pred block)))
310 (setf (block-pred block) nil)
311 (dolist (pred predecessors)
312 (pushnew pred (block-pred new-block))
313 (setf (block-succ pred) (substitute new-block block (block-succ pred)))
314 (unless (component-entry-p pred)
315 (let ((last-node (node-prev (block-exit pred))))
316 (when (conditional-p last-node)
317 (macrolet ((replacef (place)
318 `(setf ,place (if (eq block ,place) new-block ,place))))
319 (replacef (conditional-consequent last-node))
320 (replacef (conditional-alternative last-node)))))))))
322 (defun delete-block (block)
323 (when (boundary-block-p block)
324 (error "Cannot delete entry or exit basic blocks."))
325 (unless (null (cdr (block-succ block)))
326 (error "Cannot delete a basic block with multiple successors."))
327 ;; If the block has not successors, then it is already deleted. So
329 (when (block-succ block)
330 (let ((successor (unlist (block-succ block))))
331 (replace-block block successor)
332 ;; At this point, block is unreachable, however we could have
333 ;; backreferences to it from its successors. Let's get rid of
335 (setf (block-pred successor) (remove block (block-pred successor)))
336 (setf (block-succ block) nil))))
341 ;;;; A cursor is a point between two nodes in some basic block in the
342 ;;;; IR representation where manipulations can take place, similarly
343 ;;;; to the cursors in text editing.
345 ;;;; Cursors cannot point to special component's entry and exit basic
346 ;;;; blocks or after a conditional node. Conveniently, the `cursor'
347 ;;;; function will signal an error if the cursor is not positioned
348 ;;;; correctly, so the rest of the code does not need to check once
354 ;;; The current cursor. It is the default cursor for many functions
355 ;;; which work on cursors.
358 ;;; Return the current basic block. It is to say, the basic block
359 ;;; where the current cursor is pointint.
360 (defun current-block ()
361 (cursor-block *cursor*))
363 ;;; Create a cursor which points to the basic block BLOCK. If omitted,
364 ;;; then the current block is used.
366 ;;; The keywords AFTER and BEFORE specify the cursor will point after (or
367 ;;; before) that node respectively. If none is specified, the cursor is
368 ;;; created before the exit node in BLOCK. An error is signaled if both
369 ;;; keywords are specified inconsistently, or if the nodes do not belong
372 ;;; AFTER and BEFORE could also be the special values :ENTRY and :EXIT,
373 ;;; which stand for the entry and exit nodes of the block respectively.
374 (defun cursor (&key (block (current-block))
375 (before nil before-p)
377 (when (boundary-block-p block)
378 (error "Invalid cursor on special entry/exit basic block."))
379 ;; Handle special values :ENTRY and :EXIT.
380 (flet ((node-designator (x)
382 (:entry (block-entry block))
383 (:exit (block-exit block))
385 (setq before (node-designator before))
386 (setq after (node-designator after)))
387 (let* ((next (or before (and after (node-next after)) (block-exit block)))
388 (cursor (make-cursor :block block :next next)))
389 (flet ((out-of-range-cursor ()
390 (error "Out of range cursor."))
392 (error "Ambiguous cursor specified between two non-adjacent nodes.")))
393 (when (conditional-p (node-prev next))
394 (error "Invalid cursor after conditional node."))
395 (when (or (null next) (block-entry-p next))
396 (out-of-range-cursor))
397 (when (and before-p after-p (not (eq after before)))
399 (do-nodes-backward (node block (out-of-range-cursor) :include-sentinel-p t)
400 (when (eq next node) (return))))
403 ;;; Accept a cursor specification just as described in `cursor'
404 ;;; describing a position in the IR and modify destructively the
405 ;;; current cursor to point there.
406 (defun set-cursor (&rest cursor-spec)
407 (let ((newcursor (apply #'cursor cursor-spec)))
408 (setf (cursor-block *cursor*) (cursor-block newcursor))
409 (setf (cursor-next *cursor*) (cursor-next newcursor))
412 ;;; Insert NODE at cursor.
413 (defun insert-node (node &optional (cursor *cursor*))
414 (link-nodes (node-prev (cursor-next cursor)) node)
415 (link-nodes node (cursor-next cursor))
418 ;;; Split the block at CURSOR. The cursor will point to the end of the
419 ;;; first basic block. Return the three basic blocks as multiple
421 (defun split-block (&optional (cursor *cursor*))
422 ;; <aaaaa|zzzzz> ==> <aaaaa|>--<zzzzz>
423 (let* ((block (cursor-block cursor))
424 (newexit (make-block-exit))
425 (newentry (make-block-entry))
426 (exit (block-exit block))
427 (newblock (make-block :entry newentry
430 :succ (block-succ block)
431 :component *component*)))
432 (insert-node newexit)
433 (insert-node newentry)
434 (setf (node-next newexit) nil)
435 (setf (node-prev newentry) nil)
436 (setf (block-exit block) newexit)
437 (setf (block-succ block) (list newblock))
438 (dolist (succ (block-succ newblock))
439 (setf (block-pred succ) (substitute newblock block (block-pred succ))))
440 (set-cursor :block block :before newexit)
441 (push newblock (component-blocks *component*))
444 ;;; Split the block at CURSOR if it is in the middle of it. The cursor
445 ;;; will point to the end of the first basic block. Return the three
446 ;;; basic blocks as multiple values.
447 (defun maybe-split-block (&optional (cursor *cursor*))
448 ;; If we are converting IR into the end of the basic block, it's
449 ;; fine, we don't need to do anything.
450 (unless (block-exit-p (cursor-next cursor))
451 (split-block cursor)))
454 ;;;; Lexical environment
456 ;;;; It keeps an association between names and the IR entities. It is
457 ;;;; used to guide the translation from the Lisp source code to the
458 ;;;; intermediate representation.
461 name namespace type value)
463 (defvar *lexenv* nil)
465 (defun find-binding (name namespace)
467 (and (eq (binding-name b) name)
468 (eq (binding-namespace b) namespace)))
471 (defun push-binding (name namespace value &optional type)
472 (push (make-binding :name name
481 ;;;; This code covers the translation from Lisp source code to the
482 ;;;; intermediate representation. The main entry point function to do
483 ;;;; that is the `ir-convert' function, which dispatches to IR
484 ;;;; translators. This function ss intended to do the initial
485 ;;;; conversion as well as insert new IR code during optimizations.
487 ;;; A alist of IR translator functions.
488 (defvar *ir-translator* nil)
490 ;;; Define a IR translator for NAME. LAMBDA-LIST is used to
491 ;;; destructure the arguments of the form. Calling the local function
492 ;;; `result-lvar' you can get the LVAR where the compilation of the
493 ;;; expression should store the result of the evaluation.
495 ;;; The cursor is granted to be at the end of a basic block with a
496 ;;; unique successor, and so it should be when the translator returns.
497 (defmacro define-ir-translator (name lambda-list &body body)
498 (check-type name symbol)
499 (let ((fname (intern (format nil "IR-CONVERT-~a" (string name)))))
500 (with-gensyms (result form)
502 (defun ,fname (,form ,result)
503 (flet ((result-lvar () ,result))
504 (declare (ignorable (function result-lvar)))
505 (destructuring-bind ,lambda-list ,form
507 (push (cons ',name #',fname) *ir-translator*)))))
509 ;;; Return the unique successor of the current block. If it is not
510 ;;; unique signal an error.
512 (unlist (block-succ (current-block))))
514 ;;; Set the next block of the current one.
515 (defun (setf next-block) (new-value)
516 (let ((block (current-block)))
517 (dolist (succ (block-succ block))
518 (setf (block-pred succ) (remove block (block-pred succ))))
519 (setf (block-succ block) (list new-value))
520 (push block (block-pred new-value))
523 (defun ir-convert-constant (form result)
524 (let* ((leaf (make-constant :value form)))
525 (insert-node (make-ref :leaf leaf :lvar result))))
527 (define-ir-translator quote (form)
528 (ir-convert-constant form (result-lvar)))
530 (define-ir-translator setq (variable value)
531 (let ((b (find-binding variable 'variable)))
534 (let ((var (make-var :name variable))
535 (value-lvar (make-lvar)))
536 (ir-convert value value-lvar)
537 (let ((assign (make-assignment :variable var :value value-lvar :lvar (result-lvar))))
538 (insert-node assign))))
540 (ir-convert `(set ',variable ,value) (result-lvar))))))
542 (define-ir-translator progn (&body body)
543 (mapc #'ir-convert (butlast body))
544 (ir-convert (car (last body)) (result-lvar)))
546 (define-ir-translator if (test then &optional else)
547 ;; It is the schema of how the basic blocks will look like
550 ;; <aaaaXX> --< >-- <|> -- <zzzz>
553 ;; Note that is important to leave the cursor in an empty basic
554 ;; block, as zzz could be the exit basic block of the component,
555 ;; which is an invalid position for a cursor.
556 (let ((test-lvar (make-lvar))
557 (then-block (make-empty-block))
558 (else-block (make-empty-block))
559 (join-block (make-empty-block)))
560 (ir-convert test test-lvar)
561 (insert-node (make-conditional :test test-lvar :consequent then-block :alternative else-block))
562 (let* ((block (current-block))
563 (tail-block (next-block)))
564 ;; Link together the different created basic blocks.
565 (setf (block-succ block) (list else-block then-block)
566 (block-pred else-block) (list block)
567 (block-pred then-block) (list block)
568 (block-succ then-block) (list join-block)
569 (block-succ else-block) (list join-block)
570 (block-pred join-block) (list else-block then-block)
571 (block-succ join-block) (list tail-block)
572 (block-pred tail-block) (substitute join-block block (block-pred tail-block))))
573 ;; Convert he consequent and alternative forms and update cursor.
574 (ir-convert then (result-lvar) (cursor :block then-block))
575 (ir-convert else (result-lvar) (cursor :block else-block))
576 (set-cursor :block join-block)))
578 (define-ir-translator block (name &body body)
579 (let ((new (split-block)))
580 (push-binding name 'block (cons (next-block) (result-lvar)))
581 (ir-convert `(progn ,@body) (result-lvar))
582 (set-cursor :block new)))
584 (define-ir-translator return-from (name &optional value)
586 (or (find-binding name 'block)
587 (error "Tried to return from unknown block `~S' name" name))))
588 (destructuring-bind (jump-block . lvar)
589 (binding-value binding)
590 (ir-convert value lvar)
591 (setf (next-block) jump-block)
592 ;; This block is really unreachable, even if the following code
593 ;; is labelled in a tagbody, as tagbody will create a new block
594 ;; for each label. However, we have to leave the cursor
595 ;; somewhere to convert new input.
596 (let ((dummy (make-empty-block)))
597 (set-cursor :block dummy)))))
599 (define-ir-translator tagbody (&rest statements)
601 (or (integerp x) (symbolp x))))
602 (let* ((tags (remove-if-not #'go-tag-p statements))
604 ;; Create a chain of basic blocks for the tags, recording each
605 ;; block in a alist in TAG-BLOCKS.
606 (let ((*cursor* *cursor*))
608 (setq *cursor* (cursor :block (split-block)))
609 (push-binding tag 'tag (current-block))
610 (if (assoc tag tag-blocks)
611 (error "Duplicated tag `~S' in tagbody." tag)
612 (push (cons tag (current-block)) tag-blocks))))
613 ;; Convert the statements into the correct block.
614 (dolist (stmt statements)
616 (set-cursor :block (cdr (assoc stmt tag-blocks)))
617 (ir-convert stmt))))))
619 (define-ir-translator go (label)
621 (or (find-binding label 'tag)
622 (error "Unable to jump to the label `~S'" label))))
623 (setf (next-block) (binding-value tag-binding))
624 ;; Unreachable block.
625 (let ((dummy (make-empty-block)))
626 (set-cursor :block dummy))))
629 (defun ir-convert-functoid (result name arguments &rest body)
631 (return-lvar (make-lvar)))
632 (with-component-compilation (name)
633 (ir-convert `(progn ,@body) return-lvar)
635 (setq component *component*))
641 :return-lvar return-lvar)))
642 (push functional (component-functions *component*))
643 (insert-node (make-ref :leaf functional :lvar result)))))
645 (define-ir-translator function (name)
647 (ir-convert `(symbol-function ,name) (result-lvar))
649 ((lambda named-lambda)
650 (let ((desc (cdr name)))
651 (when (eq 'lambda (car name))
653 (apply #'ir-convert-functoid (result-lvar) desc)))
656 (defun ir-convert-var (form result)
657 (let ((binds (find-binding form 'variable)))
659 (insert-node (make-ref :leaf (binding-value binds) :lvar result))
660 (ir-convert `(symbol-value ',form) result))))
662 (defun ir-convert-call (form result)
663 (destructuring-bind (function &rest args) form
664 (let ((func-lvar (make-lvar))
668 (let ((arg-lvar (make-lvar)))
669 (push arg-lvar args-lvars)
670 (ir-convert arg arg-lvar)))
671 (setq args-lvars (reverse args-lvars))
673 (if (find-primitive function)
674 (insert-node (make-primitive-call
675 :function (find-primitive function)
676 :arguments args-lvars
679 (ir-convert `(symbol-function ,function) func-lvar)
680 (insert-node (make-call :function func-lvar
681 :arguments args-lvars
684 ;;; Convert the Lisp expression FORM, it may create new basic
685 ;;; blocks. RESULT is the lvar representing the result of the
686 ;;; computation or null if the value should be discarded. The IR is
687 ;;; inserted at *CURSOR*.
688 (defun ir-convert (form &optional result (*cursor* *cursor*))
689 ;; Rebinding the lexical environment here we make sure that the
690 ;; lexical information introduced by FORM is just available for
692 (let ((*lexenv* *lexenv*))
693 ;; Possibly create additional blocks in order to make sure the
694 ;; cursor is at end the end of a basic block.
700 (ir-convert-var form result))
702 (ir-convert-constant form result))))
704 (destructuring-bind (op &rest args) form
705 (let ((translator (cdr (assoc op *ir-translator*))))
707 (funcall translator args result)
708 (ir-convert-call form result))))))
712 ;;;; IR Normalization
714 ;;;; IR as generated by `ir-convert' or after some transformations is
715 ;;;; not appropiated. Here, we remove unreachable and empty blocks and
716 ;;;; coallesce blocks when it is possible.
718 ;;; Try to coalesce BLOCK with the successor if it is unique and block
719 ;;; is its unique predecessor.
720 (defun maybe-coalesce-block (block)
721 (when (and (singlep (block-succ block)) (not (component-entry-p block)))
722 (let ((succ (first (block-succ block))))
723 (when (and (not (component-exit-p succ)) (singlep (block-pred succ)))
724 (link-nodes (node-prev (block-exit block))
725 (node-next (block-entry succ)))
726 (setf (block-exit block) (block-exit succ))
727 (setf (block-succ block) (block-succ succ))
728 (dolist (next (block-succ succ))
729 (setf (block-pred next) (substitute block succ (block-pred next))))
730 (setf (block-succ succ) nil
731 (block-pred succ) nil)
734 ;;; Normalize a component. This function must be called after a batch
735 ;;; of modifications to the flowgraph of the component to make sure it
736 ;;; is a valid input for the possible optimizations and the backend.
737 (defun ir-normalize (&optional (component *component*))
738 ;; Initialize blocks as unreachables and remove empty basic blocks.
739 (dolist (block (component-blocks component))
740 (setf (block-data block) 'unreachable))
741 ;; Coalesce and mark blocks as reachable.
742 (map-postorder-blocks
744 (maybe-coalesce-block block)
745 (setf (block-data block) 'reachable))
747 (let ((block-list nil))
748 (dolist (block (component-blocks component))
750 ;; If the block is unreachable, but it is predeces a reachable
751 ;; one, then break the link between them. So we discard it
752 ;; from the flowgraph.
753 ((eq (block-data block) 'unreachable)
754 (setf (block-succ block) nil)
755 (dolist (succ (block-succ block))
756 (when (eq (block-data succ) 'reachable)
757 (remove block (block-pred succ)))))
758 ;; Delete empty blocks
759 ((and (empty-block-p block)
760 (not (boundary-block-p block))
761 ;; We cannot delete a block if it is its own successor,
762 ;; even thought it is empty.
763 (not (member block (block-succ block))))
764 (delete-block block))
765 ;; The rest of blocks remain in the component.
767 (push block block-list))))
768 (setf (component-blocks component) block-list))
769 (check-ir-consistency))
774 ;;;; Once IR conversion has been finished. We do some analysis of the
775 ;;;; component to produce information which is useful for both
776 ;;;; optimizations and code generation. Indeed, we provide some
777 ;;;; abstractions to use this information.
779 (defun compute-reverse-post-order (component)
781 (index (length (component-blocks component))))
782 (flet ((add-block-to-list (block)
784 (setf (block-order block) (decf index))))
785 (map-postorder-blocks #'add-block-to-list component))
786 (setf (component-reverse-post-order-p component) t)
787 (setf (component-blocks component) output)))
790 (defmacro do-blocks% ((block component &optional reverse ends result) &body body)
791 (with-gensyms (g!component g!blocks)
792 `(let* ((,g!component ,component)
793 (,g!blocks ,(if reverse
794 `(reverse (component-blocks ,g!component))
795 `(component-blocks ,g!component))))
796 ;; Do we have the information available?
797 (unless (component-reverse-post-order-p ,g!component)
798 (error "Reverse post order was not computed yet."))
799 (dolist (,block ,(if (member ends '(:head :both))
803 ,@(if (member ends '(:tail :both))
805 `((if (component-exit-p ,block) (return))))
808 ;;; Iterate across blocks in COMPONENT in reverse post order.
809 (defmacro do-blocks-forward ((block component &optional ends result) &body body)
810 `(do-blocks% (,block ,component nil ,ends ,result)
813 ;;; Iterate across blocks in COMPONENT in reverse post order.
814 (defmacro do-blocks-backward ((block component &optional ends result) &body body)
815 `(do-blocks% (,block (reverse ,component) t ,ends ,result)
819 (defun compute-dominators (component)
820 ;; Initialize the dominators of the entry to the component to be
821 ;; empty and the power set of the set of blocks for proper basic
822 ;; blocks in the component.
823 (let ((n (length (component-blocks component))))
824 ;; The component entry special block has not predecessors in the
825 ;; set of (proper) basic blocks.
826 (setf (block-dominators% (component-entry component))
827 (make-array n :element-type 'bit :initial-element 0))
828 (setf (aref (block-dominators% (component-entry component)) 0) 1)
829 (do-blocks-forward (block component :tail)
830 (setf (block-dominators% block) (make-array n :element-type 'bit :initial-element 1))))
831 ;; Iterate across the blocks in the component removing non domintors
832 ;; until it reaches a fixed point.
837 (do-blocks-forward (block component :tail)
838 ;; We compute the new set of dominators for this iteration in a
839 ;; fresh set NEW-DOMINATORS. So we do NOT modify the old
840 ;; dominators. It is important because the block could predeces
841 ;; itself. Indeed, it allows us to check if the set of
842 ;; dominators changed.
843 (let* ((predecessors (block-pred block))
844 (new-dominators (copy-seq (block-dominators% (first predecessors)))))
845 (dolist (pred (rest predecessors))
846 (bit-and new-dominators (block-dominators% pred) t))
847 (setf (aref new-dominators i) 1)
849 (setq changes (not (equal (block-dominators% block) new-dominators))))
850 (setf (block-dominators% block) new-dominators)
853 ;;; Return T if BLOCK1 dominates BLOCK2, else return NIL.
854 (defun dominate-p (block1 block2)
855 (let ((order (block-order block1)))
856 (= 1 (aref (block-dominators% block2) order))))
858 (defun loop-header-p (block)
859 (some (lambda (pred) (dominate-p block pred))
864 ;;;; This section provides a function `/print' which write a textual
865 ;;;; representation of a component to the standard output. Also, a
866 ;;;; `/ir' macro is provided, which takes a form, convert it to IR and
867 ;;;; then print the component as above. They are useful commands if
868 ;;;; you are hacking the front-end of the compiler.
871 (defun format-block-name (block)
873 ((eq block (unlist (block-succ (component-entry (block-component block)))))
874 (format nil "ENTRY-~a" (component-id (block-component block))))
875 ((component-exit-p block)
876 (format nil "EXIT-~a" (component-id (block-component block))))
878 (format nil "BLOCK ~a" (block-id block)))))
881 (defun print-node (node)
882 (when (node-lvar node)
883 (format t "$~a = " (lvar-id (node-lvar node))))
886 (let ((leaf (ref-leaf node)))
889 (format t "~a" (var-name leaf)))
891 (format t "'~s" (constant-value leaf)))
893 (format t "#<function ~a>" (functional-name leaf))))))
895 (format t "set ~a $~a"
896 (var-name (assignment-variable node))
897 (lvar-id (assignment-value node))))
898 ((primitive-call-p node)
899 (format t "primitive ~a" (primitive-name (primitive-call-function node)))
900 (dolist (arg (primitive-call-arguments node))
901 (format t " $~a" (lvar-id arg))))
903 (format t "call $~a" (lvar-id (call-function node)))
904 (dolist (arg (call-arguments node))
905 (format t " $~a" (lvar-id arg))))
906 ((conditional-p node)
907 (format t "if $~a then ~a else ~a~%"
908 (lvar-id (conditional-test node))
909 (format-block-name (conditional-consequent node))
910 (format-block-name (conditional-alternative node))))
912 (error "`print-node' does not support printing ~S as a node." node)))
915 (defun print-block (block)
916 (write-string (format-block-name block))
917 (if (loop-header-p block)
918 (write-line " [LOOP_HEADER]")
920 (do-nodes (node block)
922 (when (singlep (block-succ block))
923 (format t "GO ~a~%~%" (format-block-name (unlist (block-succ block))))))
925 (defun /print (component &optional (stream *standard-output*))
926 (format t ";;; COMPONENT ~a (~a) ~%~%" (component-name component) (component-id component))
927 (let ((*standard-output* stream))
928 (do-blocks-forward (block component)
929 (print-block block)))
930 (format t ";;; END COMPONENT ~a ~%~%" (component-name component))
931 (let ((*standard-output* stream))
932 (dolist (func (component-functions component))
933 (/print (functional-component func)))))
935 ;;; Translate FORM into IR and print a textual repreresentation of the
937 (defun convert-toplevel-and-print (form)
938 (let ((*counter-alist* nil))
939 (with-component-compilation ('toplevel)
940 (ir-convert form (make-lvar :id "out"))
942 (compute-reverse-post-order *component*)
943 (compute-dominators *component*)
948 `(convert-toplevel-and-print ',form))
954 ;;;; Primitive functions are a set of functions provided by the
955 ;;;; compiler. They cannot usually be written in terms of other
956 ;;;; functions. When the compiler tries to compile a function call, it
957 ;;;; looks for a primitive function firstly, and if it is found and
958 ;;;; the declarations allow it, a primitive call is inserted in the
959 ;;;; IR. The back-end of the compiler knows how to compile primitive
963 (defvar *primitive-function-table* nil)
968 (defmacro define-primitive (name args &body body)
969 (declare (ignore args body))
970 `(push (make-primitive :name ',name)
971 *primitive-function-table*))
973 (defun find-primitive (name)
974 (find name *primitive-function-table* :key #'primitive-name))
976 (define-primitive symbol-function (symbol))
977 (define-primitive symbol-value (symbol))
978 (define-primitive set (symbol value))
979 (define-primitive fset (symbol value))
981 (define-primitive + (&rest numbers))
982 (define-primitive - (number &rest other-numbers))
984 (define-primitive consp (x))
985 (define-primitive cons (x y))
986 (define-primitive car (x))
987 (define-primitive cdr (x))
990 ;;; compiler.lisp ends here