1 ;;;; the backquote reader macro
3 ;;;; This software is part of the SBCL system. See the README file for
6 ;;;; This software is derived from the CMU CL system, which was
7 ;;;; written at Carnegie Mellon University and released into the
8 ;;;; public domain. The software is in the public domain and is
9 ;;;; provided with absolutely no warranty. See the COPYING and CREDITS
10 ;;;; files for more information.
12 (in-package "SB!IMPL")
14 (/show0 "entering backq.lisp")
16 ;;; The flags passed back by BACKQUOTIFY can be interpreted as follows:
19 ;;; NIL: [a] => a ;the NIL flag is used only when a is NIL
20 ;;; T: [a] => a ;the T flag is used when a is self-evaluating
21 ;;; QUOTE: [a] => (QUOTE a)
22 ;;; APPEND: [a] => (APPEND . a)
23 ;;; NCONC: [a] => (NCONC . a)
24 ;;; LIST: [a] => (LIST . a)
25 ;;; LIST*: [a] => (LIST* . a)
27 ;;; The flags are combined according to the following set of rules:
28 ;;; ([a] means that a should be converted according to the previous table)
30 ;;; \ car || otherwise | QUOTE or | |`,@| | |`,.|
31 ;;;cdr \ || | T or NIL | |
32 ;;;================================================================================
33 ;;; |`,| || LIST* ([a] [d]) | LIST* ([a] [d]) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a [d])
34 ;;; NIL || LIST ([a]) | QUOTE (a) | <hair> a | <hair> a
35 ;;;QUOTE or T|| LIST* ([a] [d]) | QUOTE (a . d) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a [d])
36 ;;; APPEND || LIST* ([a] [d]) | LIST* ([a] [d]) | APPEND (a . d) | NCONC (a [d])
37 ;;; NCONC || LIST* ([a] [d]) | LIST* ([a] [d]) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a . d)
38 ;;; LIST || LIST ([a] . d) | LIST ([a] . d) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a [d])
39 ;;; LIST* || LIST* ([a] . d) | LIST* ([a] . d) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a [d])
41 ;;;<hair> involves starting over again pretending you had read ".,a)" instead
44 (defvar *backquote-count* 0 #!+sb-doc "how deep we are into backquotes")
45 (defvar *bq-comma-flag* '(|,|))
46 (defvar *bq-at-flag* '(|,@|))
47 (defvar *bq-dot-flag* '(|,.|))
48 (defvar *bq-vector-flag* '(|bqv|))
49 (defvar *bq-error* "Comma not inside a backquote.")
51 (/show0 "backq.lisp 50")
53 ;;; the actual character macro
54 (defun backquote-macro (stream ignore)
55 (declare (ignore ignore))
56 (let ((*backquote-count* (1+ *backquote-count*)))
57 (multiple-value-bind (flag thing)
58 (backquotify stream (read stream t nil t))
59 (when (eq flag *bq-at-flag*)
60 (simple-reader-error stream ",@ after backquote in ~S" thing))
61 (when (eq flag *bq-dot-flag*)
62 (simple-reader-error stream ",. after backquote in ~S" thing))
63 (backquotify-1 flag thing))))
65 (/show0 "backq.lisp 64")
67 (defun comma-macro (stream ignore)
68 (declare (ignore ignore))
69 (unless (> *backquote-count* 0)
71 (return-from comma-macro nil))
72 (simple-reader-error stream *bq-error*))
73 (let ((c (read-char stream))
74 (*backquote-count* (1- *backquote-count*)))
76 (cons *bq-at-flag* (read stream t nil t)))
78 (cons *bq-dot-flag* (read stream t nil t)))
79 (t (unread-char c stream)
80 (cons *bq-comma-flag* (read stream t nil t))))))
82 (/show0 "backq.lisp 83")
85 (defun expandable-backq-expression-p (object)
87 (let ((flag (car object)))
88 (or (eq flag *bq-at-flag*)
89 (eq flag *bq-dot-flag*)))))
91 ;;; This does the expansion from table 2.
92 (defun backquotify (stream code)
94 (cond ((null code) (values nil nil))
97 ;; Keywords are self-evaluating. Install after packages.
100 ((or (eq (car code) *bq-at-flag*)
101 (eq (car code) *bq-dot-flag*))
102 (values (car code) (cdr code)))
103 ((eq (car code) *bq-comma-flag*)
105 ((eq (car code) *bq-vector-flag*)
106 (multiple-value-bind (dflag d) (backquotify stream (cdr code))
107 (values 'vector (backquotify-1 dflag d))))
108 (t (multiple-value-bind (aflag a) (backquotify stream (car code))
109 (multiple-value-bind (dflag d) (backquotify stream (cdr code))
110 (when (eq dflag *bq-at-flag*)
111 ;; Get the errors later.
112 (simple-reader-error stream ",@ after dot in ~S" code))
113 (when (eq dflag *bq-dot-flag*)
114 (simple-reader-error stream ",. after dot in ~S" code))
116 ((eq aflag *bq-at-flag*)
118 (if (expandable-backq-expression-p a)
119 (values 'append (list a))
122 (cond ((eq dflag 'append)
124 (t (list a (backquotify-1 dflag d)))))))
125 ((eq aflag *bq-dot-flag*)
127 (if (expandable-backq-expression-p a)
128 (values 'nconc (list a))
131 (cond ((eq dflag 'nconc)
133 (t (list a (backquotify-1 dflag d)))))))
135 (if (member aflag '(quote t nil))
136 (values 'quote (list a))
137 (values 'list (list (backquotify-1 aflag a)))))
138 ((member dflag '(quote t))
139 (if (member aflag '(quote t nil))
140 (values 'quote (cons a d ))
141 (values 'list* (list (backquotify-1 aflag a)
142 (backquotify-1 dflag d)))))
143 (t (setq a (backquotify-1 aflag a))
144 (if (member dflag '(list list*))
145 (values dflag (cons a d))
147 (list a (backquotify-1 dflag d)))))))))))
149 (/show0 "backq.lisp 139")
151 ;;; This handles the <hair> cases.
156 ((or (numberp code) (eq code t))
158 (t (values *bq-comma-flag* code))))
159 ((and (eq (car code) 'quote)
160 (not (expandable-backq-expression-p (cadr code))))
161 (values (car code) (cadr code)))
162 ((member (car code) '(append list list* nconc))
163 (values (car code) (cdr code)))
164 ((eq (car code) 'cons)
165 (values 'list* (cdr code)))
166 (t (values *bq-comma-flag* code))))
168 (/show0 "backq.lisp 157")
170 ;;; This handles table 1.
171 (defun backquotify-1 (flag thing)
172 (cond ((or (eq flag *bq-comma-flag*)
173 (member flag '(t nil)))
178 (cond ((and (null (cddr thing))
179 (not (expandable-backq-expression-p (car thing)))
180 (not (expandable-backq-expression-p (cadr thing))))
181 (cons 'backq-cons thing))
182 ((expandable-backq-expression-p (car (last thing)))
184 (cons 'backq-list (butlast thing))
185 ;; Can it be optimized further? -- APD, 2001-12-21
188 (cons 'backq-list* thing))))
190 (list 'backq-vector thing))
193 ((append) 'backq-append)
194 ((nconc) 'backq-nconc))
197 ;;;; magic BACKQ- versions of builtin functions
199 (/show0 "backq.lisp 184")
201 ;;; Define synonyms for the lisp functions we use, so that by using
202 ;;; them, the backquoted material will be recognizable to the
204 (macrolet ((def (b-name name)
205 ;; FIXME: This function should be INLINE so that the lists
206 ;; aren't consed twice, but I ran into an optimizer bug the
207 ;; first time I tried to make this work for BACKQ-LIST. See
208 ;; whether there's still an optimizer bug, and fix it if so, and
209 ;; then make these INLINE.
210 `(defun ,b-name (&rest rest)
211 (declare (truly-dynamic-extent rest))
212 (apply #',name rest))))
213 (def backq-list list)
214 (def backq-list* list*)
215 (def backq-append append)
216 (def backq-nconc nconc)
217 (def backq-cons cons))
219 (/show0 "backq.lisp 204")
221 (defun backq-vector (list)
222 (declare (list list))
223 (coerce list 'simple-vector))
227 (/show0 "backq.lisp 212")
229 ;;; Install BACKQ stuff in the current *READTABLE*.
231 ;;; In the target Lisp, we have to wait to do this until the readtable
232 ;;; has been created. In the cross-compilation host Lisp, we can do
233 ;;; this right away. (You may ask: In the cross-compilation host,
234 ;;; which already has its own implementation of the backquote
235 ;;; readmacro, why do we do this at all? Because the cross-compilation
236 ;;; host might -- as SBCL itself does -- express the backquote
237 ;;; expansion in terms of internal, nonportable functions. By
238 ;;; redefining backquote in terms of functions which are guaranteed to
239 ;;; exist on the target Lisp, we ensure that backquote expansions in
240 ;;; code-generating code work properly.)
241 (defun !backq-cold-init ()
242 (set-macro-character #\` #'backquote-macro)
243 (set-macro-character #\, #'comma-macro))
244 #+sb-xc-host (!backq-cold-init)
246 ;;; The pretty-printer needs to know about our special tokens
247 (defvar *backq-tokens*
248 '(backq-comma backq-comma-at backq-comma-dot backq-list
249 backq-list* backq-append backq-nconc backq-cons backq-vector))
251 ;;; Since our backquote is installed on the host lisp, and since
252 ;;; developers make mistakes with backquotes and commas too, let's
253 ;;; ensure that we can report errors rather than get an undefined
254 ;;; function condition on SIMPLE-READER-ERROR.
255 #+sb-xc-host ; proper definition happens for the target
256 (defun simple-reader-error (stream format-string &rest format-args)
257 (bug "READER-ERROR on stream ~S: ~?" stream format-string format-args))
259 (/show0 "done with backq.lisp")