1 ;;;; the backquote reader macro
3 ;;;; This software is part of the SBCL system. See the README file for
6 ;;;; This software is derived from the CMU CL system, which was
7 ;;;; written at Carnegie Mellon University and released into the
8 ;;;; public domain. The software is in the public domain and is
9 ;;;; provided with absolutely no warranty. See the COPYING and CREDITS
10 ;;;; files for more information.
12 (in-package "SB!IMPL")
14 (/show0 "entering backq.lisp")
16 ;;; The flags passed back by BACKQUOTIFY can be interpreted as follows:
19 ;;; NIL: [a] => a ;the NIL flag is used only when a is NIL
20 ;;; T: [a] => a ;the T flag is used when a is self-evaluating
21 ;;; QUOTE: [a] => (QUOTE a)
22 ;;; APPEND: [a] => (APPEND . a)
23 ;;; NCONC: [a] => (NCONC . a)
24 ;;; LIST: [a] => (LIST . a)
25 ;;; LIST*: [a] => (LIST* . a)
27 ;;; The flags are combined according to the following set of rules:
28 ;;; ([a] means that a should be converted according to the previous table)
30 ;;; \ car || otherwise | QUOTE or | |`,@| | |`,.|
31 ;;;cdr \ || | T or NIL | |
32 ;;;================================================================================
33 ;;; |`,| || LIST* ([a] [d]) | LIST* ([a] [d]) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a [d])
34 ;;; NIL || LIST ([a]) | QUOTE (a) | <hair> a | <hair> a
35 ;;;QUOTE or T|| LIST* ([a] [d]) | QUOTE (a . d) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a [d])
36 ;;; APPEND || LIST* ([a] [d]) | LIST* ([a] [d]) | APPEND (a . d) | NCONC (a [d])
37 ;;; NCONC || LIST* ([a] [d]) | LIST* ([a] [d]) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a . d)
38 ;;; LIST || LIST ([a] . d) | LIST ([a] . d) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a [d])
39 ;;; LIST* || LIST* ([a] . d) | LIST* ([a] . d) | APPEND (a [d]) | NCONC (a [d])
41 ;;;<hair> involves starting over again pretending you had read ".,a)" instead
44 (defvar *backquote-count* 0 #!+sb-doc "how deep we are into backquotes")
45 (defvar *bq-comma-flag* '(|,|))
46 (defvar *bq-at-flag* '(|,@|))
47 (defvar *bq-dot-flag* '(|,.|))
48 (defvar *bq-vector-flag* '(|bqv|))
50 (/show0 "backq.lisp 50")
52 ;;; the actual character macro
53 (defun backquote-macro (stream ignore)
54 (declare (ignore ignore))
55 (let ((*backquote-count* (1+ *backquote-count*)))
56 (multiple-value-bind (flag thing)
57 (backquotify stream (read stream t nil t))
58 (when (eq flag *bq-at-flag*)
59 (simple-reader-error stream ",@ after backquote in ~S" thing))
60 (when (eq flag *bq-dot-flag*)
61 (simple-reader-error stream ",. after backquote in ~S" thing))
62 (backquotify-1 flag thing))))
64 (/show0 "backq.lisp 64")
66 (defun comma-macro (stream ignore)
67 (declare (ignore ignore))
68 (unless (> *backquote-count* 0)
70 (return-from comma-macro nil))
71 (simple-reader-error stream "comma not inside a backquote"))
72 (let ((c (read-char stream))
73 (*backquote-count* (1- *backquote-count*)))
75 (cons *bq-at-flag* (read stream t nil t)))
77 (cons *bq-dot-flag* (read stream t nil t)))
78 (t (unread-char c stream)
79 (cons *bq-comma-flag* (read stream t nil t))))))
81 (/show0 "backq.lisp 83")
84 (defun expandable-backq-expression-p (object)
86 (let ((flag (car object)))
87 (or (eq flag *bq-at-flag*)
88 (eq flag *bq-dot-flag*)))))
90 ;;; This does the expansion from table 2.
91 (defun backquotify (stream code)
93 (cond ((null code) (values nil nil))
96 ;; Keywords are self-evaluating. Install after packages.
99 ((or (eq (car code) *bq-at-flag*)
100 (eq (car code) *bq-dot-flag*))
101 (values (car code) (cdr code)))
102 ((eq (car code) *bq-comma-flag*)
104 ((eq (car code) *bq-vector-flag*)
105 (multiple-value-bind (dflag d) (backquotify stream (cdr code))
106 (values 'vector (backquotify-1 dflag d))))
107 (t (multiple-value-bind (aflag a) (backquotify stream (car code))
108 (multiple-value-bind (dflag d) (backquotify stream (cdr code))
109 (when (eq dflag *bq-at-flag*)
110 ;; Get the errors later.
111 (simple-reader-error stream ",@ after dot in ~S" code))
112 (when (eq dflag *bq-dot-flag*)
113 (simple-reader-error stream ",. after dot in ~S" code))
115 ((eq aflag *bq-at-flag*)
117 (if (expandable-backq-expression-p a)
118 (values 'append (list a))
121 (cond ((eq dflag 'append)
123 (t (list a (backquotify-1 dflag d)))))))
124 ((eq aflag *bq-dot-flag*)
126 (if (expandable-backq-expression-p a)
127 (values 'nconc (list a))
130 (cond ((eq dflag 'nconc)
132 (t (list a (backquotify-1 dflag d)))))))
134 (if (member aflag '(quote t nil))
135 (values 'quote (list a))
136 (values 'list (list (backquotify-1 aflag a)))))
137 ((member dflag '(quote t))
138 (if (member aflag '(quote t nil))
139 (values 'quote (cons a d ))
140 (values 'list* (list (backquotify-1 aflag a)
141 (backquotify-1 dflag d)))))
142 (t (setq a (backquotify-1 aflag a))
143 (if (member dflag '(list list*))
144 (values dflag (cons a d))
146 (list a (backquotify-1 dflag d)))))))))))
148 (/show0 "backq.lisp 139")
150 ;;; This handles the <hair> cases.
155 ((or (numberp code) (eq code t))
157 (t (values *bq-comma-flag* code))))
158 ((and (eq (car code) 'quote)
159 (not (expandable-backq-expression-p (cadr code))))
160 (values (car code) (cadr code)))
161 ((member (car code) '(append list list* nconc))
162 (values (car code) (cdr code)))
163 ((eq (car code) 'cons)
164 (values 'list* (cdr code)))
165 (t (values *bq-comma-flag* code))))
167 (/show0 "backq.lisp 157")
169 ;;; This handles table 1.
170 (defun backquotify-1 (flag thing)
171 (cond ((or (eq flag *bq-comma-flag*)
172 (member flag '(t nil)))
177 (cond ((and (null (cddr thing))
178 (not (expandable-backq-expression-p (car thing)))
179 (not (expandable-backq-expression-p (cadr thing))))
180 (cons 'backq-cons thing))
181 ((expandable-backq-expression-p (car (last thing)))
183 (cons 'backq-list (butlast thing))
184 ;; Can it be optimized further? -- APD, 2001-12-21
187 (cons 'backq-list* thing))))
189 (list 'backq-vector thing))
192 ((append) 'backq-append)
193 ((nconc) 'backq-nconc))
196 ;;;; magic BACKQ- versions of builtin functions
198 (/show0 "backq.lisp 184")
200 ;;; Define synonyms for the lisp functions we use, so that by using
201 ;;; them, the backquoted material will be recognizable to the
203 (macrolet ((def (b-name name)
204 ;; FIXME: This function should be INLINE so that the lists
205 ;; aren't consed twice, but I ran into an optimizer bug the
206 ;; first time I tried to make this work for BACKQ-LIST. See
207 ;; whether there's still an optimizer bug, and fix it if so, and
208 ;; then make these INLINE.
209 `(defun ,b-name (&rest rest)
210 (declare (truly-dynamic-extent rest))
211 (apply #',name rest))))
212 (def backq-list list)
213 (def backq-list* list*)
214 (def backq-append append)
215 (def backq-nconc nconc)
216 (def backq-cons cons))
218 (/show0 "backq.lisp 204")
220 (defun backq-vector (list)
221 (declare (list list))
222 (coerce list 'simple-vector))
226 (/show0 "backq.lisp 212")
228 ;;; Install BACKQ stuff in the current *READTABLE*.
230 ;;; In the target Lisp, we have to wait to do this until the readtable
231 ;;; has been created. In the cross-compilation host Lisp, we can do
232 ;;; this right away. (You may ask: In the cross-compilation host,
233 ;;; which already has its own implementation of the backquote
234 ;;; readmacro, why do we do this at all? Because the cross-compilation
235 ;;; host might -- as SBCL itself does -- express the backquote
236 ;;; expansion in terms of internal, nonportable functions. By
237 ;;; redefining backquote in terms of functions which are guaranteed to
238 ;;; exist on the target Lisp, we ensure that backquote expansions in
239 ;;; code-generating code work properly.)
240 (defun !backq-cold-init ()
241 (set-macro-character #\` #'backquote-macro)
242 (set-macro-character #\, #'comma-macro))
243 #+sb-xc-host (!backq-cold-init)
245 ;;; The pretty-printer needs to know about our special tokens
246 (defvar *backq-tokens*
247 '(backq-comma backq-comma-at backq-comma-dot backq-list
248 backq-list* backq-append backq-nconc backq-cons backq-vector))
250 ;;; Since our backquote is installed on the host lisp, and since
251 ;;; developers make mistakes with backquotes and commas too, let's
252 ;;; ensure that we can report errors rather than get an undefined
253 ;;; function condition on SIMPLE-READER-ERROR.
254 #+sb-xc-host ; proper definition happens for the target
255 (defun simple-reader-error (stream format-string &rest format-args)
256 (bug "READER-ERROR on stream ~S: ~?" stream format-string format-args))
258 (/show0 "done with backq.lisp")