3 ;;;; This software is part of the SBCL system. See the README file for
6 ;;;; This software is derived from the CMU CL system, which was
7 ;;;; written at Carnegie Mellon University and released into the
8 ;;;; public domain. The software is in the public domain and is
9 ;;;; provided with absolutely no warranty. See the COPYING and CREDITS
10 ;;;; files for more information.
12 (in-package "SB!IMPL")
14 ;;; Like CMU CL, we use HEAPSORT. However, other than that, this code
15 ;;; isn't really related to the CMU CL code, since instead of trying
16 ;;; to generalize the CMU CL code to allow START and END values, this
17 ;;; code has been written from scratch following Chapter 7 of
18 ;;; _Introduction to Algorithms_ by Corman, Rivest, and Shamir.
19 (defun sort-vector (vector start end predicate key)
20 (sort-vector vector start end predicate key))
22 ;;; This is MAYBE-INLINE because it's not too hard to have an
23 ;;; application where sorting is a major bottleneck, and inlining it
24 ;;; allows the compiler to make enough optimizations that it might be
25 ;;; worth the (large) cost in space.
26 (declaim (maybe-inline sort))
27 (defun sort (sequence predicate &key key)
29 "Destructively sort SEQUENCE. PREDICATE should return non-NIL if
30 ARG1 is to precede ARG2."
31 (let ((predicate-function (%coerce-callable-to-fun predicate))
32 (key-function (and key (%coerce-callable-to-fun key))))
34 (list (stable-sort-list sequence predicate-function key-function))
36 (with-array-data ((vector (the vector sequence))
38 (end (length sequence)))
39 (sort-vector vector start end predicate-function key-function))
42 (error 'simple-type-error
44 :expected-type 'sequence
45 :format-control "~S is not a sequence."
46 :format-arguments (list sequence))))))
50 (defun stable-sort (sequence predicate &key key)
52 "Destructively sort SEQUENCE. PREDICATE should return non-NIL if
53 ARG1 is to precede ARG2."
56 (stable-sort-simple-vector sequence predicate key))
58 (stable-sort-list sequence predicate key))
60 (stable-sort-vector sequence predicate key))
62 (error 'simple-type-error
64 :expected-type 'sequence
65 :format-control "~S is not a sequence."
66 :format-arguments (list sequence)))))
68 ;;; APPLY-KEYED-PRED saves us a function call sometimes.
69 (eval-when (:compile-toplevel :execute)
70 (sb!xc:defmacro apply-keyed-pred (one two pred key)
72 (funcall ,pred (funcall ,key ,one)
74 (funcall ,pred ,one ,two)))
77 ;;;; stable sort of lists
79 (defun last-cons-of (list)
80 (loop (let ((rest (rest list)))
85 ;;; Destructively merge LIST-1 with LIST-2 (given that they're already
86 ;;; sorted w.r.t. PRED-FUN on KEY-FUN, giving output sorted the same
87 ;;; way). In the resulting list, elements of LIST-1 are guaranteed to
88 ;;; come before equal elements of LIST-2.
90 ;;; Return (VALUES HEAD TAILTAIL), where HEAD is the same value you'd
91 ;;; expect from MERGE, and TAILTAIL is the last cons in the list (i.e.
92 ;;; the last cons in the list which NRECONC calls TAIL).
93 (defun merge-lists* (list-1 list-2 pred-fun key-fun)
94 (declare (type list list-1 list-2))
95 (declare (type function pred-fun key-fun))
96 (cond ((null list-1) (values list-2 (last-cons-of list-2)))
97 ((null list-2) (values list-1 (last-cons-of list-1)))
98 (t (let* ((reversed-result-so-far nil)
99 (key-1 (funcall key-fun (car list-1)))
100 (key-2 (funcall key-fun (car list-2))))
102 (macrolet ((frob (list-i key-i other-list)
105 ;; (PUSH (POP ,LIST-I) REVERSED-RESULT-SO-FAR),
106 ;; except doing some fancy footwork to
107 ;; reuse the cons cell:
108 (psetf (cdr ,list-i) reversed-result-so-far
109 reversed-result-so-far ,list-i
110 ,list-i (cdr ,list-i))
111 ;; Now maybe we're done.
113 (return (values (nreconc
114 reversed-result-so-far
119 (funcall key-fun (car ,list-i)))))))
120 ;; Note that by making KEY-2 the first arg to
121 ;; PRED-FUN, we arrange that if PRED-FUN is a function
122 ;; in the #'< style, the outcome is stably sorted.
123 (if (funcall pred-fun key-2 key-1)
124 (frob list-2 key-2 list-1)
125 (frob list-1 key-1 list-2))))))))
127 ;;; STABLE-SORT-LIST uses a bottom-up merge sort. First a pass is made
128 ;;; over the list grabbing one element at a time and merging it with
129 ;;; the next one to form pairs of sorted elements. Then N is doubled,
130 ;;; and elements are taken in runs of two, merging one run with the
131 ;;; next to form quadruples of sorted elements. This continues until N
132 ;;; is large enough that the inner loop only runs for one iteration;
133 ;;; that is, there are only two runs that can be merged, the first run
134 ;;; starting at the beginning of the list, and the second being the
135 ;;; remaining elements.
136 (defun stable-sort-list (list pred key)
137 (let ((head (cons :header list)) ; head holds on to everything
138 (n 1) ; bottom-up size of lists to be merged
139 unsorted ; unsorted is the remaining list to be
140 ; broken into n size lists and merged
141 list-1 ; list-1 is one length n list to be merged
142 last ; last points to the last visited cell
143 (pred-fun (%coerce-callable-to-fun pred))
145 (%coerce-callable-to-fun key)
149 ;; Start collecting runs of N at the first element.
150 (setf unsorted (cdr head))
151 ;; Tack on the first merge of two N-runs to the head holder.
154 (declare (fixnum n-1))
156 (setf list-1 unsorted)
157 (let ((temp (nthcdr n-1 list-1))
160 ;; There are enough elements for a second run.
161 (setf list-2 (cdr temp))
162 (setf (cdr temp) nil)
163 (setf temp (nthcdr n-1 list-2))
165 (setf unsorted (cdr temp))
166 (setf (cdr temp) nil))
167 ;; The second run goes off the end of the list.
168 (t (setf unsorted nil)))
169 (multiple-value-bind (merged-head merged-last)
170 (merge-lists* list-1 list-2 pred-fun key-fun)
171 (setf (cdr last) merged-head
173 (if (null unsorted) (return)))
174 ;; If there is only one run, then tack it on to the end.
175 (t (setf (cdr last) list-1)
177 (setf n (ash n 1)) ; (+ n n)
178 ;; If the inner loop only executed once, then there were only
179 ;; enough elements for two runs given n, so all the elements
180 ;; have been merged into one list. This may waste one outer
181 ;; iteration to realize.
182 (if (eq list-1 (cdr head))
185 ;;;; stable sort of vectors
187 ;;; Stable sorting vectors is done with the same algorithm used for
188 ;;; lists, using a temporary vector to merge back and forth between it
189 ;;; and the given vector to sort.
191 (eval-when (:compile-toplevel :execute)
193 ;;; STABLE-SORT-MERGE-VECTORS* takes a source vector with subsequences,
194 ;;; start-1 (inclusive) ... end-1 (exclusive) and
195 ;;; end-1 (inclusive) ... end-2 (exclusive),
196 ;;; and merges them into a target vector starting at index start-1.
198 (sb!xc:defmacro stable-sort-merge-vectors* (source target start-1 end-1 end-2
205 (,j ,end-1) ; start-2
206 (,target-i ,start-1))
207 (declare (fixnum ,i ,j ,target-i))
210 (loop (if (= ,j ,end-2) (return))
211 (setf (,target-ref ,target ,target-i)
212 (,source-ref ,source ,j))
217 (loop (if (= ,i ,end-1) (return))
218 (setf (,target-ref ,target ,target-i)
219 (,source-ref ,source ,i))
223 ((apply-keyed-pred (,source-ref ,source ,j)
224 (,source-ref ,source ,i)
226 (setf (,target-ref ,target ,target-i)
227 (,source-ref ,source ,j))
229 (t (setf (,target-ref ,target ,target-i)
230 (,source-ref ,source ,i))
234 ;;; VECTOR-MERGE-SORT is the same algorithm used to stable sort lists,
235 ;;; but it uses a temporary vector. DIRECTION determines whether we
236 ;;; are merging into the temporary (T) or back into the given vector
238 (sb!xc:defmacro vector-merge-sort (vector pred key vector-ref)
239 (let ((vector-len (gensym)) (n (gensym))
240 (direction (gensym)) (unsorted (gensym))
241 (start-1 (gensym)) (end-1 (gensym))
242 (end-2 (gensym)) (temp-len (gensym))
244 `(let ((,vector-len (length (the vector ,vector)))
245 (,n 1) ; bottom-up size of contiguous runs to be merged
246 (,direction t) ; t vector --> temp nil temp --> vector
247 (,temp-len (length (the simple-vector *merge-sort-temp-vector*)))
248 (,unsorted 0) ; unsorted..vector-len are the elements that need
249 ; to be merged for a given n
250 (,start-1 0)) ; one n-len subsequence to be merged with the next
251 (declare (fixnum ,vector-len ,n ,temp-len ,unsorted ,start-1))
252 (if (> ,vector-len ,temp-len)
253 (setf *merge-sort-temp-vector*
254 (make-array (max ,vector-len (+ ,temp-len ,temp-len)))))
256 ;; for each n, we start taking n-runs from the start of the vector
259 (setf ,start-1 ,unsorted)
260 (let ((,end-1 (+ ,start-1 ,n)))
261 (declare (fixnum ,end-1))
262 (cond ((< ,end-1 ,vector-len)
263 ;; there are enough elements for a second run
264 (let ((,end-2 (+ ,end-1 ,n)))
265 (declare (fixnum ,end-2))
266 (if (> ,end-2 ,vector-len) (setf ,end-2 ,vector-len))
267 (setf ,unsorted ,end-2)
269 (stable-sort-merge-vectors*
270 ,vector *merge-sort-temp-vector*
271 ,start-1 ,end-1 ,end-2 ,pred ,key ,vector-ref svref)
272 (stable-sort-merge-vectors*
273 *merge-sort-temp-vector* ,vector
274 ,start-1 ,end-1 ,end-2 ,pred ,key svref ,vector-ref))
275 (if (= ,unsorted ,vector-len) (return))))
276 ;; if there is only one run, copy those elements to the end
278 (do ((,i ,start-1 (1+ ,i)))
280 (declare (fixnum ,i))
281 (setf (svref *merge-sort-temp-vector* ,i)
282 (,vector-ref ,vector ,i)))
283 (do ((,i ,start-1 (1+ ,i)))
285 (declare (fixnum ,i))
286 (setf (,vector-ref ,vector ,i)
287 (svref *merge-sort-temp-vector* ,i))))
289 ;; If the inner loop only executed once, then there were only enough
290 ;; elements for two subsequences given n, so all the elements have
291 ;; been merged into one list. Start-1 will have remained 0 upon exit.
292 (when (zerop ,start-1)
294 ;; if we just merged into the temporary, copy it all back
295 ;; to the given vector.
296 (dotimes (,i ,vector-len)
297 (setf (,vector-ref ,vector ,i)
298 (svref *merge-sort-temp-vector* ,i))))
300 (setf ,n (ash ,n 1)) ; (* 2 n)
301 (setf ,direction (not ,direction))))))
305 ;;; temporary vector for stable sorting vectors
306 (defvar *merge-sort-temp-vector*
309 (declaim (simple-vector *merge-sort-temp-vector*))
311 (defun stable-sort-simple-vector (vector pred key)
312 (declare (simple-vector vector))
313 (vector-merge-sort vector pred key svref))
315 (defun stable-sort-vector (vector pred key)
316 (vector-merge-sort vector pred key aref))
320 (eval-when (:compile-toplevel :execute)
322 ;;; MERGE-VECTORS returns a new vector which contains an interleaving
323 ;;; of the elements of VECTOR-1 and VECTOR-2. Elements from VECTOR-2
324 ;;; are chosen only if they are strictly less than elements of
325 ;;; VECTOR-1, (PRED ELT-2 ELT-1), as specified in the manual.
326 (sb!xc:defmacro merge-vectors (vector-1 length-1 vector-2 length-2
327 result-vector pred key access)
328 (let ((result-i (gensym))
331 `(let* ((,result-i 0)
334 (declare (fixnum ,result-i ,i ,j))
336 (cond ((= ,i ,length-1)
337 (loop (if (= ,j ,length-2) (return))
338 (setf (,access ,result-vector ,result-i)
339 (,access ,vector-2 ,j))
342 (return ,result-vector))
344 (loop (if (= ,i ,length-1) (return))
345 (setf (,access ,result-vector ,result-i)
346 (,access ,vector-1 ,i))
349 (return ,result-vector))
350 ((apply-keyed-pred (,access ,vector-2 ,j) (,access ,vector-1 ,i)
352 (setf (,access ,result-vector ,result-i)
353 (,access ,vector-2 ,j))
355 (t (setf (,access ,result-vector ,result-i)
356 (,access ,vector-1 ,i))
362 (defun merge (result-type sequence1 sequence2 predicate &key key)
364 "Merge the sequences SEQUENCE1 and SEQUENCE2 destructively into a
365 sequence of type RESULT-TYPE using PREDICATE to order the elements."
366 ;; FIXME: This implementation is remarkably inefficient in various
367 ;; ways. In decreasing order of estimated user astonishment, I note:
368 ;; full calls to SPECIFIER-TYPE at runtime; copying input vectors
369 ;; to lists before doing MERGE-LISTS*; and walking input lists
370 ;; (because of the call to MERGE-LISTS*, which walks the list to
371 ;; find the last element for its second return value) even in cases
372 ;; like (MERGE 'LIST (LIST 1) (LIST 2 3 4 5 ... 1000)) where one list
373 ;; can be largely ignored. -- WHN 2003-01-05
374 (let ((type (specifier-type result-type)))
376 ((csubtypep type (specifier-type 'list))
377 ;; the VECTOR clause, below, goes through MAKE-SEQUENCE, so
378 ;; benefits from the error checking there. Short of
379 ;; reimplementing everything, we can't do the same for the LIST
380 ;; case, so do relevant length checking here:
381 (let ((s1 (coerce sequence1 'list))
382 (s2 (coerce sequence2 'list))
383 (pred-fun (%coerce-callable-to-fun predicate))
385 (%coerce-callable-to-fun key)
387 (when (type= type (specifier-type 'list))
388 (return-from merge (values (merge-lists* s1 s2 pred-fun key-fun))))
389 (when (eq type *empty-type*)
390 (bad-sequence-type-error nil))
391 (when (type= type (specifier-type 'null))
392 (if (and (null s1) (null s2))
393 (return-from merge 'nil)
394 ;; FIXME: This will break on circular lists (as,
395 ;; indeed, will the whole MERGE function).
396 (sequence-type-length-mismatch-error type
399 (if (csubtypep (specifier-type '(cons nil t)) type)
400 (if (and (null s1) (null s2))
401 (sequence-type-length-mismatch-error type 0)
402 (values (merge-lists* s1 s2 pred-fun key-fun)))
403 (sequence-type-too-hairy result-type))))
404 ((csubtypep type (specifier-type 'vector))
405 (let* ((vector-1 (coerce sequence1 'vector))
406 (vector-2 (coerce sequence2 'vector))
407 (length-1 (length vector-1))
408 (length-2 (length vector-2))
409 (result (make-sequence result-type
410 (+ length-1 length-2))))
411 (declare (vector vector-1 vector-2)
412 (fixnum length-1 length-2))
413 (if (and (simple-vector-p result)
414 (simple-vector-p vector-1)
415 (simple-vector-p vector-2))
416 (merge-vectors vector-1 length-1 vector-2 length-2
417 result predicate key svref)
418 (merge-vectors vector-1 length-1 vector-2 length-2
419 result predicate key aref))))
420 (t (bad-sequence-type-error result-type)))))