1 ;;;; low-level time functions
3 ;;;; This software is part of the SBCL system. See the README file for
6 ;;;; This software is derived from the CMU CL system, which was
7 ;;;; written at Carnegie Mellon University and released into the
8 ;;;; public domain. The software is in the public domain and is
9 ;;;; provided with absolutely no warranty. See the COPYING and CREDITS
10 ;;;; files for more information.
12 (in-package "SB!IMPL")
15 (reinit-internal-real-time))
17 ;;; Implemented in unix.lisp and win32.lisp.
19 (setf (fdocumentation 'get-internal-real-time 'function)
20 "Return the real time (\"wallclock time\") since startup in the internal
21 time format. (See INTERNAL-TIME-UNITS-PER-SECOND.)")
23 (defun get-internal-run-time ()
25 "Return the run time used by the process in the internal time format. (See
26 INTERNAL-TIME-UNITS-PER-SECOND.) This is useful for finding CPU usage.
27 Includes both \"system\" and \"user\" time."
28 (system-internal-run-time))
30 ;;;; Encode and decode universal times.
32 ;;; In August 2003, work was done in this file for more plausible
33 ;;; timezone handling after the unix timezone database runs out in
34 ;;; 2038. We assume that timezone rules are trending sane rather than
35 ;;; insane, so for all years after the end of time_t we apply the
36 ;;; rules for 2035/2036 instead of the actual date asked for. Making
37 ;;; the same assumption about the early 1900s would be less
38 ;;; reasonable, however, so please note that we're still broken for
39 ;;; local time between 1900-1-1 and 1901-12-13
41 ;;; It should be noted that 64 bit machines don't actually fix this
42 ;;; problem, at least as of 2003, because the Unix zonefiles are
43 ;;; specified in terms of 32 bit fields even on, say, the Alpha. So,
44 ;;; references to the range of time_t elsewhere in this file should
45 ;;; rightly be read as shorthand for the range of an signed 32 bit
46 ;;; number of seconds since 1970-01-01
48 ;;; I'm obliged to Erik Naggum's "Long, Painful History of Time" paper
49 ;;; <http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~enag/lugm-time.html> for the choice of epoch
50 ;;; here. By starting the year in March, we avoid having to test the month
51 ;;; whenever deciding whether to account for a leap day. 2000 is especially
52 ;;; special, because it's disvisible by 400, hence the start of a 400 year
55 ;;; If a universal-time is after time_t runs out, we find its offset
56 ;;; from 1st March of whichever year it falls in, then add that to
57 ;;; 2035-3-1. This date has two relevant properties: (1) somewhere
58 ;;; near the end of time_t, and (2) preceding a leap year. Thus a
59 ;;; date which is e.g. 365.5 days from March 1st in its year will be
60 ;;; treated for timezone lookup as if it were Feb 29th 2036
62 ;;; This epoch is used only for fixing the timezones-outside-time_t
63 ;;; problem. Someday it would be nice to come back to this code and
64 ;;; see if the rest of the file and its references to Spice Lisp
65 ;;; history (Perq time base?) could be cleaned up any on this basis.
66 ;;; -- dan, 2003-08-08
68 ;;; In order to accomodate universal times between January 1st 1900
69 ;;; and sometime on December 13th 1901, I'm doing the same calculation
70 ;;; as described above in order to handle dates in that interval, by
71 ;;; normalizing them to March 1st 1903, which shares the same special
72 ;;; properties described above (except for the 400-year property, but
73 ;;; this isn't an issue for the limited range we need to handle).
75 ;;; One open issue is whether to pass UNIX a 64-bit time_t value on
76 ;;; 64-bit platforms. I don't know if time_t is always 64-bit on those
77 ;;; platforms, and looking at this file reveals a scary amount of
78 ;;; literal 31 and 32s.
79 ;;; -- bem, 2005-08-09
81 ;;; Subtract from the returned Internal-Time to get the universal
82 ;;; time. The offset between our time base and the Perq one is 2145
83 ;;; weeks and five days.
84 (defconstant seconds-in-week (* 60 60 24 7))
85 (defconstant weeks-offset 2145)
86 (defconstant seconds-offset 432000)
87 (defconstant minutes-per-day (* 24 60))
88 (defconstant quarter-days-per-year (1+ (* 365 4)))
89 (defconstant quarter-days-per-century 146097)
90 (defconstant november-17-1858 678882)
91 (defconstant weekday-november-17-1858 2)
92 (defconstant unix-to-universal-time 2208988800)
94 (defun get-universal-time ()
96 "Return a single integer for the current time of day in universal time
98 (+ (get-time-of-day) unix-to-universal-time))
100 (defun get-decoded-time ()
102 "Return nine values specifying the current time as follows:
103 second, minute, hour, date, month, year, day of week (0 = Monday), T
104 (daylight savings times) or NIL (standard time), and timezone."
105 (decode-universal-time (get-universal-time)))
107 (defconstant +mar-1-2000+ #.(encode-universal-time 0 0 0 1 3 2000 0))
108 (defconstant +mar-1-2035+ #.(encode-universal-time 0 0 0 1 3 2035 0))
110 (defconstant +mar-1-1903+ #.(encode-universal-time 0 0 0 1 3 1903 0))
112 (defun years-since-mar-2000 (utime)
113 "Returns number of complete years since March 1st 2000, and remainder in seconds"
114 (let* ((days-in-year (* 86400 365))
115 (days-in-4year (+ (* 4 days-in-year) 86400))
116 (days-in-100year (- (* 25 days-in-4year) 86400))
117 (days-in-400year (+ (* 4 days-in-100year) 86400))
118 (offset (- utime +mar-1-2000+))
120 (labels ((whole-num (x y inc max)
121 (let ((w (truncate x y)))
122 (when (and max (> w max)) (setf w max))
123 (incf year (* w inc))
125 (decf offset (whole-num offset days-in-400year 400 nil))
126 (decf offset (whole-num offset days-in-100year 100 3))
127 (decf offset (whole-num offset days-in-4year 4 25))
128 (decf offset (whole-num offset days-in-year 1 3))
129 (values year offset))))
131 (defun truncate-to-unix-range (utime)
132 (let ((unix-time (- utime unix-to-universal-time)))
134 ((< unix-time (- (ash 1 31)))
135 (multiple-value-bind (year offset) (years-since-mar-2000 utime)
136 (declare (ignore year))
137 (+ +mar-1-1903+ (- unix-to-universal-time) offset)))
138 ((>= unix-time (ash 1 31))
139 (multiple-value-bind (year offset) (years-since-mar-2000 utime)
140 (declare (ignore year))
141 (+ +mar-1-2035+ (- unix-to-universal-time) offset)))
144 (defun decode-universal-time (universal-time &optional time-zone)
146 "Converts a universal-time to decoded time format returning the following
147 nine values: second, minute, hour, date, month, year, day of week (0 =
148 Monday), T (daylight savings time) or NIL (standard time), and timezone.
149 Completely ignores daylight-savings-time when time-zone is supplied."
150 (multiple-value-bind (daylight seconds-west)
152 (values nil (* time-zone 60 60))
153 (multiple-value-bind (ignore seconds-west daylight)
154 (sb!unix::get-timezone (truncate-to-unix-range universal-time))
155 (declare (ignore ignore))
156 (declare (fixnum seconds-west))
157 (values daylight seconds-west)))
158 (declare (fixnum seconds-west))
159 (multiple-value-bind (weeks secs)
160 (truncate (+ (- universal-time seconds-west) seconds-offset)
162 (let ((weeks (+ weeks weeks-offset)))
163 (multiple-value-bind (t1 second)
165 (let ((tday (truncate t1 minutes-per-day)))
166 (multiple-value-bind (hour minute)
167 (truncate (- t1 (* tday minutes-per-day)) 60)
168 (let* ((t2 (1- (* (+ (* weeks 7) tday november-17-1858) 4)))
169 (tcent (truncate t2 quarter-days-per-century)))
170 (setq t2 (mod t2 quarter-days-per-century))
171 (setq t2 (+ (- t2 (mod t2 4)) 3))
172 (let* ((year (+ (* tcent 100)
173 (truncate t2 quarter-days-per-year)))
175 (1+ (truncate (mod t2 quarter-days-per-year) 4)))
176 (day (mod (+ tday weekday-november-17-1858) 7))
177 (t3 (+ (* days-since-mar0 5) 456)))
179 (setq t3 (- t3 1836))
180 (setq year (1+ year))))
181 (multiple-value-bind (month t3)
183 (let ((date (1+ (truncate t3 5))))
184 (values second minute hour date month year day
187 (1+ (/ seconds-west 60 60))
188 (/ seconds-west 60 60))))))))))))))
190 (defun pick-obvious-year (year)
191 (declare (type (mod 100) year))
192 (let* ((current-year (nth-value 5 (get-decoded-time)))
193 (guess (+ year (* (truncate (- current-year 50) 100) 100))))
194 (declare (type (integer 1900 9999) current-year guess))
195 (if (> (- current-year guess) 50)
199 (defun leap-years-before (year)
200 (let ((years (- year 1901)))
201 (+ (- (truncate years 4)
202 (truncate years 100))
203 (truncate (+ years 300) 400))))
205 (defvar *days-before-month*
206 #.(let ((reversed-result nil)
208 (push nil reversed-result)
209 (dolist (days-in-month '(31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31))
210 (push sum reversed-result)
211 (incf sum days-in-month))
212 (coerce (nreverse reversed-result) 'simple-vector)))
215 (defun encode-universal-time (second minute hour date month year
218 "The time values specified in decoded format are converted to
219 universal time, which is returned."
220 (declare (type (mod 60) second)
221 (type (mod 60) minute)
223 (type (integer 1 31) date)
224 (type (integer 1 12) month)
225 (type (or (integer 0 99) (integer 1899)) year)
226 ;; that type used to say (integer 1900), but that's
227 ;; incorrect when a time-zone is specified: we should be
228 ;; able to encode to produce 0 when a non-zero timezone is
229 ;; specified - bem, 2005-08-09
230 (type (or null rational) time-zone))
231 (let* ((year (if (< year 100)
232 (pick-obvious-year year)
235 (aref *days-before-month* month)
237 (leap-years-before (1+ year))
238 (leap-years-before year))
239 (* (- year 1900) 365)))
240 (hours (+ hour (* days 24)))
243 (setf encoded-time (+ second (* (+ minute (* (+ hours time-zone) 60)) 60)))
244 (let* ((secwest-guess
245 (sb!unix::unix-get-seconds-west
246 (truncate-to-unix-range (* hours 60 60))))
247 (guess (+ second (* 60 (+ minute (* hours 60)))
250 (sb!unix::unix-get-seconds-west
251 (truncate-to-unix-range guess))))
252 (setf encoded-time (+ guess (- secwest secwest-guess)))))
253 (assert (typep encoded-time '(integer 0)))
258 (defvar *gc-run-time* 0
260 "Total CPU time spent doing garbage collection (as reported by
261 GET-INTERNAL-RUN-TIME.) Initialized to zero on startup. It is safe to bind
262 this to zero in order to measure GC time inside a certain section of code, but
263 doing so may interfere with results reported by eg. TIME.")
264 (declaim (type index *gc-run-time*))
266 (defun print-time (&key real-time-ms user-run-time-us system-run-time-us
267 gc-run-time-ms processor-cycles eval-calls
268 lambdas-converted page-faults bytes-consed
270 (let ((total-run-time-us (+ user-run-time-us system-run-time-us)))
271 (format *trace-output*
272 "~&Evaluation took:~%~
273 ~@< ~@;~/sb-impl::format-milliseconds/ of real time~%~
274 ~/sb-impl::format-microseconds/ of total run time ~
275 (~@/sb-impl::format-microseconds/ user, ~@/sb-impl::format-microseconds/ system)~%~
276 ~[[ Run times consist of ~/sb-impl::format-milliseconds/ GC time, ~
277 and ~/sb-impl::format-milliseconds/ non-GC time. ]~%~;~2*~]~
279 ~@[~:D form~:P interpreted~%~]~
280 ~@[~:D lambda~:P converted~%~]~
281 ~@[~:D processor cycles~%~]~
282 ~@[~:D page fault~:P~%~]~
284 ~@[~%before it was aborted by a non-local transfer of control.~%~]~:>~%"
289 (if (zerop gc-run-time-ms) 1 0)
291 ;; Round up so we don't mislead by saying 0.0 seconds of non-GC time...
292 (- (ceiling total-run-time-us 1000) gc-run-time-ms)
293 (if (zerop real-time-ms)
295 (float (* 100 (/ (round total-run-time-us 1000) real-time-ms))))
303 (defmacro time (form)
305 "Execute FORM and print timing information on *TRACE-OUTPUT*.
307 On some hardware platforms estimated processor cycle counts are
308 included in this output; this number is slightly inflated, since it
309 includes the pipeline involved in reading the cycle counter --
310 executing \(TIME NIL) a few times will give you an idea of the
311 overhead, and its variance. The cycle counters are also per processor,
312 not per thread: if multiple threads are running on the same processor,
313 the reported counts will include cycles taken up by all threads
314 running on the processor where TIME was executed. Furthermore, if the
315 operating system migrates the thread to another processor between
316 reads of the cycle counter, the results will be completely bogus.
317 Finally, the counter is cycle counter, incremented by the hardware
318 even when the process is halted -- which is to say that cycles pass
319 normally during operations like SLEEP."
320 `(call-with-timing #'print-time (lambda () ,form)))
322 ;;; Return all the data that we want TIME to report.
323 (defun time-get-sys-info ()
324 (multiple-value-bind (user sys faults) (sb!sys:get-system-info)
325 (values user sys faults (get-bytes-consed))))
327 (defun elapsed-cycles (h0 l0 h1 l1)
328 (declare (ignorable h0 l0 h1 l1))
330 (+ (ash (- h1 h0) 32)
334 (declaim (inline read-cycle-counter))
335 (defun read-cycle-counter ()
337 (sb!vm::%read-cycle-counter)
341 ;;; This is so that we don't have to worry about the vagaries of
342 ;;; floating point printing, or about conversions to floats dropping
343 ;;; or introducing decimals, which are liable to imply wrong precision.
344 (defun format-microseconds (stream usec &optional colonp atp)
345 (declare (ignore colonp))
346 (%format-decimal stream usec 6)
348 (write-string " seconds" stream)))
350 (defun format-milliseconds (stream usec &optional colonp atp)
351 (declare (ignore colonp))
352 (%format-decimal stream usec 3)
354 (write-string " seconds" stream)))
356 (defun %format-decimal (stream number power)
357 (declare (stream stream)
358 (integer number power))
359 (when (minusp number)
360 (write-char #\- stream)
361 (setf number (- number)))
362 (let ((scale (expt 10 power)))
363 (labels ((%fraction (fraction)
366 (let ((scaled (* 10 fraction)))
367 (loop while (< scaled scale)
368 do (write-char #\0 stream)
369 (setf scaled (* scaled 10)))))
370 (format stream "~D" fraction))
372 (let ((scaled (/ scale 10)))
373 (write-char #\0 stream)
374 (loop while (> scaled 1)
375 do (write-char #\0 stream)
376 (setf scaled (/ scaled 10))))))
377 (cond ((zerop number)
378 (write-string "0." stream)
381 (write-string "0." stream)
384 (write-string "1." stream)
387 (multiple-value-bind (whole fraction) (floor number scale)
388 (format stream "~D." whole)
389 (%fraction fraction))))))
392 ;;; The guts of the TIME macro. Compute overheads, run the (compiled)
393 ;;; function, report the times.
394 (defun call-with-timing (timer function &rest arguments)
396 "Calls FUNCTION with ARGUMENTS, and gathers timing infomation about it.
397 Then calls TIMER with keyword arguments describing the information collected.
398 Calls TIMER even if FUNCTION performs a non-local transfer of control. Finally
399 returns values returned by FUNCTION.
402 User run time in microseconds.
405 System run time in microseconds.
408 Real time in milliseconds.
411 GC run time in milliseconds (included in user and system run time.)
414 Approximate number of processor cycles used. (Omitted if not supported on
415 the platform -- currently available on x86 and x86-64 only.)
418 Number of calls to EVAL. (Omitted if zero.)
421 Number of lambdas converted. (Omitted if zero.)
424 Number of page faults. (Omitted if zero.)
427 Approximate number of bytes consed.
430 True if FUNCTION caused a non-local transfer of control. (Omitted if
433 EXPERIMENTAL: Interface subject to change."
449 (fun (if (functionp function) function (fdefinition function))))
450 (declare (function fun))
451 ;; Calculate the overhead...
453 (old-run-utime old-run-stime old-page-faults old-bytes-consed)
455 ;; Do it a second time to make sure everything is faulted in.
457 (old-run-utime old-run-stime old-page-faults old-bytes-consed)
460 (new-run-utime new-run-stime new-page-faults new-bytes-consed)
462 (setq run-utime-overhead (- new-run-utime old-run-utime))
463 (setq run-stime-overhead (- new-run-stime old-run-stime))
464 (setq page-faults-overhead (- new-page-faults old-page-faults))
465 (setq old-real-time (get-internal-real-time))
466 (setq old-real-time (get-internal-real-time))
467 (setq new-real-time (get-internal-real-time))
468 (setq real-time-overhead (- new-real-time old-real-time))
469 (setq cons-overhead (- new-bytes-consed old-bytes-consed))
470 ;; Now get the initial times.
472 (old-run-utime old-run-stime old-page-faults old-bytes-consed)
474 (setq old-real-time (get-internal-real-time))
475 (let ((start-gc-internal-run-time *gc-run-time*)
477 (sb!c::*lambda-conversions* 0)
479 (declare (special *eval-calls* sb!c::*lambda-conversions*))
480 (multiple-value-bind (h0 l0) (read-cycle-counter)
482 (multiple-value-prog1 (apply fun arguments)
484 (multiple-value-bind (h1 l1) (read-cycle-counter)
485 (let ((stop-gc-internal-run-time *gc-run-time*))
487 (new-run-utime new-run-stime new-page-faults new-bytes-consed)
489 (setq new-real-time (- (get-internal-real-time) real-time-overhead))
490 (let* ((gc-internal-run-time (max (- stop-gc-internal-run-time start-gc-internal-run-time) 0))
491 (real-time (max (- new-real-time old-real-time) 0))
492 (user-run-time (max (- new-run-utime old-run-utime) 0))
493 (system-run-time (max (- new-run-stime old-run-stime) 0))
494 (cycles (elapsed-cycles h0 l0 h1 l1))
495 (page-faults (max (- new-page-faults old-page-faults) 0)))
497 (flet ((note (name value &optional test)
498 (unless (and test (funcall test value))
499 (setf plist (list* name value plist)))))
500 (note :aborted aborted #'not)
501 (note :bytes-consed (max (- new-bytes-consed old-bytes-consed) 0))
502 (note :page-faults page-faults #'zerop)
503 ;; cycle counting isn't supported everywhere.
505 (note :processor-cycles cycles #'zerop)
506 (note :lambdas-converted sb!c::*lambda-conversions* #'zerop))
507 (note :eval-calls *eval-calls* #'zerop)
508 (note :gc-run-time-ms gc-internal-run-time)
509 (note :system-run-time-us system-run-time)
510 (note :user-run-time-us user-run-time)
511 (note :real-time-ms real-time))
512 (apply timer plist))))))))))