[sbcl.git] / src / code / unix.lisp

;;;; This file contains Unix support that SBCL needs to implement
;;;; itself. It's derived from Peter Van Eynde's unix-glibc2.lisp for
;;;; CMU CL, which was derived from CMU CL unix.lisp 1.56. But those
;;;; files aspired to be complete Unix interfaces exported to the end
;;;; user, while this file aims to be as simple as possible and is not
;;;; intended for the end user.
;;;;
;;;; FIXME: The old CMU CL unix.lisp code was implemented as hand
;;;; transcriptions from Unix headers into Lisp. It appears that this was as
;;;; unmaintainable in practice as you'd expect in theory, so I really really
;;;; don't want to do that. It'd be good to implement the various system calls
;;;; as C code implemented using the Unix header files, and have their
;;;; interface back to SBCL code be characterized by things like "32-bit-wide
;;;; int" which are already in the interface between the runtime
;;;; executable and the SBCL lisp code.

;;;; This software is part of the SBCL system. See the README file for
;;;; more information.
;;;;
;;;; This software is derived from the CMU CL system, which was
;;;; written at Carnegie Mellon University and released into the
;;;; public domain. The software is in the public domain and is
;;;; provided with absolutely no warranty. See the COPYING and CREDITS
;;;; files for more information.

(in-package "SB!UNIX")

(/show0 "unix.lisp 21")

(defmacro def-enum (inc cur &rest names)
  (flet ((defform (name)
           (prog1 (when name `(defconstant ,name ,cur))
             (setf cur (funcall inc cur 1)))))
    `(progn ,@(mapcar #'defform names))))

;;; Given a C-level zero-terminated array of C strings, return a
;;; corresponding Lisp-level list of SIMPLE-STRINGs.
(defun c-strings->string-list (c-strings)
  (declare (type (alien (* c-string)) c-strings))
  (let ((reversed-result nil))
    (dotimes (i most-positive-fixnum (error "argh! can't happen"))
      (declare (type index i))
      (let ((c-string (deref c-strings i)))
        (if c-string
            (push c-string reversed-result)
            (return (nreverse reversed-result)))))))
\f
;;;; Lisp types used by syscalls

(deftype unix-pathname () 'simple-string)
(deftype unix-fd () `(integer 0 ,most-positive-fixnum))

(deftype unix-file-mode () '(unsigned-byte 32))
(deftype unix-pid () '(unsigned-byte 32))
(deftype unix-uid () '(unsigned-byte 32))
(deftype unix-gid () '(unsigned-byte 32))
\f
;;;; system calls

(/show0 "unix.lisp 74")

;;; FIXME: The various FOO-SYSCALL-BAR macros, and perhaps some other
;;; macros in this file, are only used in this file, and could be
;;; implemented using SB!XC:DEFMACRO wrapped in EVAL-WHEN.

(defmacro syscall ((name &rest arg-types) success-form &rest args)
  `(locally
    (declare (optimize (sb!c::float-accuracy 0)))
    (let ((result (alien-funcall (extern-alien ,name (function int ,@arg-types))
                                ,@args)))
      (if (minusp result)
          (values nil (get-errno))
          ,success-form))))

;;; This is like SYSCALL, but if it fails, signal an error instead of
;;; returning error codes. Should only be used for syscalls that will
;;; never really get an error.
(defmacro syscall* ((name &rest arg-types) success-form &rest args)
  `(locally
    (declare (optimize (sb!c::float-accuracy 0)))
    (let ((result (alien-funcall (extern-alien ,name (function int ,@arg-types))
                                 ,@args)))
      (if (minusp result)
          (error "Syscall ~A failed: ~A" ,name (strerror))
          ,success-form))))

(/show0 "unix.lisp 109")

(defmacro void-syscall ((name &rest arg-types) &rest args)
  `(syscall (,name ,@arg-types) (values t 0) ,@args))

(defmacro int-syscall ((name &rest arg-types) &rest args)
  `(syscall (,name ,@arg-types) (values result 0) ,@args))

(defmacro with-restarted-syscall ((&optional (value (gensym))
                                             (errno (gensym)))
                                  syscall-form &rest body)
  #!+sb-doc
  "Evaluate BODY with VALUE and ERRNO bound to the return values of
SYSCALL-FORM. Repeat evaluation of SYSCALL-FORM if it is interrupted."
  `(let (,value ,errno)
     (loop (multiple-value-setq (,value ,errno)
             ,syscall-form)
        (unless #!-win32 (eql ,errno sb!unix:eintr) #!+win32 nil
          (return (values ,value ,errno))))
     ,@body))

#!+win32
(progn
  (defconstant espipe 29)
  ;; For stat-wrapper hack (different-type or non-existing win32 fields).
  (define-alien-type nlink-t short)
  (define-alien-type uid-t short)
  (define-alien-type gid-t short))
\f
;;;; hacking the Unix environment

#!-win32
(define-alien-routine ("getenv" posix-getenv) c-string
  "Return the \"value\" part of the environment string \"name=value\" which
   corresponds to NAME, or NIL if there is none."
  (name c-string))
\f
;;; from stdio.h

;;; Rename the file with string NAME1 to the string NAME2. NIL and an
;;; error code is returned if an error occurs.
#!-win32
(defun unix-rename (name1 name2)
  (declare (type unix-pathname name1 name2))
  (void-syscall ("rename" c-string c-string) name1 name2))
\f
;;; from sys/types.h and gnu/types.h

(/show0 "unix.lisp 220")

;;; FIXME: We shouldn't hand-copy types from header files into Lisp
;;; like this unless we have extreme provocation. Reading directories
;;; is not extreme enough, since it doesn't need to be blindingly
;;; fast: we can just implement those functions in C as a wrapper
;;; layer.
(define-alien-type fd-mask unsigned-long)

(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (defconstant fd-setsize 1024))

(define-alien-type nil
  (struct fd-set
          (fds-bits (array fd-mask #.(/ fd-setsize
                                        sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)))))

(/show0 "unix.lisp 304")
\f
\f
;;;; fcntl.h
;;;;
;;;; POSIX Standard: 6.5 File Control Operations        <fcntl.h>

;;; Open the file whose pathname is specified by PATH for reading
;;; and/or writing as specified by the FLAGS argument. Various FLAGS
;;; masks (O_RDONLY etc.) are defined in fcntlbits.h.
;;;
;;; If the O_CREAT flag is specified, then the file is created with a
;;; permission of argument MODE if the file doesn't exist. An integer
;;; file descriptor is returned by UNIX-OPEN.
(defun unix-open (path flags mode)
  (declare (type unix-pathname path)
           (type fixnum flags)
           (type unix-file-mode mode))
  (int-syscall ("open" c-string int int)
               path
               (logior #!+win32 o_binary
                       #!+largefile o_largefile
                       flags)
               mode))

;;; UNIX-CLOSE accepts a file descriptor and attempts to close the file
;;; associated with it.
(/show0 "unix.lisp 391")
(defun unix-close (fd)
  (declare (type unix-fd fd))
  (void-syscall ("close" int) fd))
\f
;;;; timebits.h

;; A time value that is accurate to the nearest
;; microsecond but also has a range of years.
;; CLH: Note that tv-usec used to be a time-t, but that this seems
;; problematic on Darwin x86-64 (and wrong). Trying suseconds-t.
#!-win32
(define-alien-type nil
  (struct timeval
          (tv-sec time-t)           ; seconds
          (tv-usec suseconds-t)))   ; and microseconds

#!+win32
(define-alien-type nil
  (struct timeval
          (tv-sec time-t)           ; seconds
          (tv-usec long)))          ; and microseconds
\f
;;;; resourcebits.h

(defconstant rusage_self 0) ; the calling process
(defconstant rusage_children -1) ; terminated child processes
(defconstant rusage_both -2)

(define-alien-type nil
  (struct rusage
    (ru-utime (struct timeval))     ; user time used
    (ru-stime (struct timeval))     ; system time used.
    (ru-maxrss long)                ; maximum resident set size (in kilobytes)
    (ru-ixrss long)                 ; integral shared memory size
    (ru-idrss long)                 ; integral unshared data size
    (ru-isrss long)                 ; integral unshared stack size
    (ru-minflt long)                ; page reclaims
    (ru-majflt long)                ; page faults
    (ru-nswap long)                 ; swaps
    (ru-inblock long)               ; block input operations
    (ru-oublock long)               ; block output operations
    (ru-msgsnd long)                ; messages sent
    (ru-msgrcv long)                ; messages received
    (ru-nsignals long)              ; signals received
    (ru-nvcsw long)                 ; voluntary context switches
    (ru-nivcsw long)))              ; involuntary context switches
\f
;;;; unistd.h

;;; Given a file path (a string) and one of four constant modes,
;;; return T if the file is accessible with that mode and NIL if not.
;;; When NIL, also return an errno value with NIL which tells why the
;;; file was not accessible.
;;;
;;; The access modes are:
;;;   r_ok     Read permission.
;;;   w_ok     Write permission.
;;;   x_ok     Execute permission.
;;;   f_ok     Presence of file.

;;; In Windows, the MODE argument to access is defined in terms of
;;; literal magic numbers---there are no constants to grovel.  X_OK
;;; is not defined.
#!+win32
(progn
  (defconstant f_ok 0)
  (defconstant w_ok 2)
  (defconstant r_ok 4))

(defun unix-access (path mode)
  (declare (type unix-pathname path)
           (type (mod 8) mode))
  (void-syscall ("access" c-string int) path mode))

;;; values for the second argument to UNIX-LSEEK
(defconstant l_set 0) ; to set the file pointer
(defconstant l_incr 1) ; to increment the file pointer
(defconstant l_xtnd 2) ; to extend the file size

;;; Is a stream interactive?
(defun unix-isatty (fd)
  (declare (type unix-fd fd))
  (int-syscall ("isatty" int) fd))

(defun unix-lseek (fd offset whence)
  "Unix-lseek accepts a file descriptor and moves the file pointer by
   OFFSET octets.  Whence can be any of the following:

   L_SET        Set the file pointer.
   L_INCR       Increment the file pointer.
   L_XTND       Extend the file size.
  "
  (declare (type unix-fd fd)
           (type (integer 0 2) whence))
  (let ((result (alien-funcall (extern-alien #!-largefile "lseek"
                                             #!+largefile "lseek_largefile"
                                             (function off-t int off-t int))
                 fd offset whence)))
    (if (minusp result )
        (values nil (get-errno))
      (values result 0))))

;;; UNIX-READ accepts a file descriptor, a buffer, and the length to read.
;;; It attempts to read len bytes from the device associated with fd
;;; and store them into the buffer. It returns the actual number of
;;; bytes read.
(defun unix-read (fd buf len)
  (declare (type unix-fd fd)
           (type (unsigned-byte 32) len))
  (int-syscall ("read" int (* char) int) fd buf len))

;;; UNIX-WRITE accepts a file descriptor, a buffer, an offset, and the
;;; length to write. It attempts to write len bytes to the device
;;; associated with fd from the buffer starting at offset. It returns
;;; the actual number of bytes written.
(defun unix-write (fd buf offset len)
  (declare (type unix-fd fd)
           (type (unsigned-byte 32) offset len))
  (int-syscall ("write" int (* char) int)
               fd
               (with-alien ((ptr (* char) (etypecase buf
                                            ((simple-array * (*))
                                             ;; This SAP-taking is
                                             ;; safe as BUF remains
                                             ;; either in a register
                                             ;; or on stack.
                                             (vector-sap buf))
                                            (system-area-pointer
                                             buf))))
                 (addr (deref ptr offset)))
               len))

;;; Set up a unix-piping mechanism consisting of an input pipe and an
;;; output pipe. Return two values: if no error occurred the first
;;; value is the pipe to be read from and the second is can be written
;;; to. If an error occurred the first value is NIL and the second the
;;; unix error code.
#!-win32
(defun unix-pipe ()
  (with-alien ((fds (array int 2)))
    (syscall ("pipe" (* int))
             (values (deref fds 0) (deref fds 1))
             (cast fds (* int)))))
#!+win32
(defun msvcrt-raw-pipe (fds size mode)
  (syscall ("_pipe" (* int) int int)
           (values (deref fds 0) (deref fds 1))
           (cast fds (* int)) size mode))
#!+win32
(defun unix-pipe ()
  (with-alien ((fds (array int 2)))
    (msvcrt-raw-pipe fds 256 o_binary)))

;; Windows mkdir() doesn't take the mode argument. It's cdecl, so we could
;; actually call it passing the mode argument, but some sharp-eyed reader
;; would put five and twenty-seven together and ask us about it, so...
;;    -- AB, 2005-12-27
#!-win32
(defun unix-mkdir (name mode)
  (declare (type unix-pathname name)
           (type unix-file-mode mode)
           #!+win32 (ignore mode))
  (void-syscall ("mkdir" c-string #!-win32 int) name #!-win32 mode))

;;; Given a C char* pointer allocated by malloc(), free it and return a
;;; corresponding Lisp string (or return NIL if the pointer is a C NULL).
(defun newcharstar-string (newcharstar)
  (declare (type (alien (* char)) newcharstar))
  (if (null-alien newcharstar)
      nil
      (prog1
          (cast newcharstar c-string)
        (free-alien newcharstar))))

;;; Return the Unix current directory as a SIMPLE-STRING, in the
;;; style returned by getcwd() (no trailing slash character).
#!-win32
(defun posix-getcwd ()
  ;; This implementation relies on a BSD/Linux extension to getcwd()
  ;; behavior, automatically allocating memory when a null buffer
  ;; pointer is used. On a system which doesn't support that
  ;; extension, it'll have to be rewritten somehow.
  ;;
  ;; SunOS and OSF/1 provide almost as useful an extension: if given a null
  ;; buffer pointer, it will automatically allocate size space. The
  ;; KLUDGE in this solution arises because we have just read off
  ;; PATH_MAX+1 from the Solaris header files and stuck it in here as
  ;; a constant. Going the grovel_headers route doesn't seem to be
  ;; helpful, either, as Solaris doesn't export PATH_MAX from
  ;; unistd.h.
  ;;
  ;; FIXME: The (,stub,) nastiness produces an error message about a
  ;; comma not inside a backquote. This error has absolutely nothing
  ;; to do with the actual meaning of the error (and little to do with
  ;; its location, either).
  #!-(or linux openbsd freebsd netbsd sunos osf1 darwin win32) (,stub,)
  #!+(or linux openbsd freebsd netbsd sunos osf1 darwin win32)
  (or (newcharstar-string (alien-funcall (extern-alien "getcwd"
                                                       (function (* char)
                                                                 (* char)
                                                                 size-t))
                                         nil
                                         #!+(or linux openbsd freebsd netbsd darwin win32) 0
                                         #!+(or sunos osf1) 1025))
      (simple-perror "getcwd")))

;;; Return the Unix current directory as a SIMPLE-STRING terminated
;;; by a slash character.
(defun posix-getcwd/ ()
  (concatenate 'string (posix-getcwd) "/"))

;;; Duplicate an existing file descriptor (given as the argument) and
;;; return it. If FD is not a valid file descriptor, NIL and an error
;;; number are returned.
(defun unix-dup (fd)
  (declare (type unix-fd fd))
  (int-syscall ("dup" int) fd))

;;; Terminate the current process with an optional error code. If
;;; successful, the call doesn't return. If unsuccessful, the call
;;; returns NIL and an error number.
(defun unix-exit (&optional (code 0))
  (declare (type (signed-byte 32) code))
  (void-syscall ("exit" int) code))

;;; Return the process id of the current process.
(define-alien-routine ("getpid" unix-getpid) int)

;;; Return the real user id associated with the current process.
#!-win32
(define-alien-routine ("getuid" unix-getuid) int)

;;; Translate a user id into a login name.
#!-win32
(defun uid-username (uid)
  (or (newcharstar-string (alien-funcall (extern-alien "uid_username"
                                                       (function (* char) int))
                                         uid))
      (error "found no match for Unix uid=~S" uid)))

;;; Return the namestring of the home directory, being careful to
;;; include a trailing #\/
#!-win32
(defun uid-homedir (uid)
  (or (newcharstar-string (alien-funcall (extern-alien "uid_homedir"
                                                       (function (* char) int))
                                         uid))
      (error "failed to resolve home directory for Unix uid=~S" uid)))

;;; Invoke readlink(2) on the file name specified by PATH. Return
;;; (VALUES LINKSTRING NIL) on success, or (VALUES NIL ERRNO) on
;;; failure.
#!-win32
(defun unix-readlink (path)
  (declare (type unix-pathname path))
  (with-alien ((ptr (* char)
                    (alien-funcall (extern-alien
                                    "wrapped_readlink"
                                    (function (* char) c-string))
                                   path)))
    (if (null-alien ptr)
        (values nil (get-errno))
        (multiple-value-prog1
            (values (with-alien ((c-string c-string ptr)) c-string)
                    nil)
          (free-alien ptr)))))
#!+win32
;; Win32 doesn't do links, but something likes to call this anyway.
;; Something in this file, no less. But it only takes one result, so...
(defun unix-readlink (path)
  (declare (ignore path))
  nil)

;;; UNIX-UNLINK accepts a name and deletes the directory entry for that
;;; name and the file if this is the last link.
(defun unix-unlink (name)
  (declare (type unix-pathname name))
  (void-syscall ("unlink" c-string) name))

;;; Return the name of the host machine as a string.
#!-win32
(defun unix-gethostname ()
  (with-alien ((buf (array char 256)))
    (syscall ("gethostname" (* char) int)
             (cast buf c-string)
             (cast buf (* char)) 256)))

#!-win32
(defun unix-setsid ()
  (int-syscall ("setsid")))

;;;; sys/ioctl.h

;;; UNIX-IOCTL performs a variety of operations on open i/o
;;; descriptors. See the UNIX Programmer's Manual for more
;;; information.
#!-win32
(defun unix-ioctl (fd cmd arg)
  (declare (type unix-fd fd)
           (type (signed-byte 32) cmd))
  (void-syscall ("ioctl" int int (* char)) fd cmd arg))
\f
;;;; sys/resource.h

;;; FIXME: All we seem to need is the RUSAGE_SELF version of this.
;;;
;;; This is like getrusage(2), except it returns only the system and
;;; user time, and returns the seconds and microseconds as separate
;;; values.
#!-sb-fluid (declaim (inline unix-fast-getrusage))
#!-win32
(defun unix-fast-getrusage (who)
  (declare (values (member t)
                   (unsigned-byte 31) (integer 0 1000000)
                   (unsigned-byte 31) (integer 0 1000000)))
  (with-alien ((usage (struct rusage)))
    (syscall* ("getrusage" int (* (struct rusage)))
              (values t
                      (slot (slot usage 'ru-utime) 'tv-sec)
                      (slot (slot usage 'ru-utime) 'tv-usec)
                      (slot (slot usage 'ru-stime) 'tv-sec)
                      (slot (slot usage 'ru-stime) 'tv-usec))
              who (addr usage))))

;;; Return information about the resource usage of the process
;;; specified by WHO. WHO can be either the current process
;;; (rusage_self) or all of the terminated child processes
;;; (rusage_children). NIL and an error number is returned if the call
;;; fails.
#!-win32
(defun unix-getrusage (who)
  (with-alien ((usage (struct rusage)))
    (syscall ("getrusage" int (* (struct rusage)))
              (values t
                      (+ (* (slot (slot usage 'ru-utime) 'tv-sec) 1000000)
                         (slot (slot usage 'ru-utime) 'tv-usec))
                      (+ (* (slot (slot usage 'ru-stime) 'tv-sec) 1000000)
                         (slot (slot usage 'ru-stime) 'tv-usec))
                      (slot usage 'ru-maxrss)
                      (slot usage 'ru-ixrss)
                      (slot usage 'ru-idrss)
                      (slot usage 'ru-isrss)
                      (slot usage 'ru-minflt)
                      (slot usage 'ru-majflt)
                      (slot usage 'ru-nswap)
                      (slot usage 'ru-inblock)
                      (slot usage 'ru-oublock)
                      (slot usage 'ru-msgsnd)
                      (slot usage 'ru-msgrcv)
                      (slot usage 'ru-nsignals)
                      (slot usage 'ru-nvcsw)
                      (slot usage 'ru-nivcsw))
              who (addr usage))))
\f
;;;; sys/select.h

;;;; FIXME: Why have both UNIX-SELECT and UNIX-FAST-SELECT?

;;; Perform the UNIX select(2) system call.
(declaim (inline unix-fast-select)) ; (used to be a macro in CMU CL)
(defun unix-fast-select (num-descriptors
                         read-fds write-fds exception-fds
                         timeout-secs &optional (timeout-usecs 0))
  (declare (type (integer 0 #.fd-setsize) num-descriptors)
           (type (or (alien (* (struct fd-set))) null)
                 read-fds write-fds exception-fds)
           (type (or null (unsigned-byte 31)) timeout-secs)
           (type (unsigned-byte 31) timeout-usecs))
  ;; FIXME: CMU CL had
  ;;   (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (inhibit-warnings 3)))
  ;; here. Is that important for SBCL? If so, why? Profiling might tell us..
  (with-alien ((tv (struct timeval)))
    (when timeout-secs
      (setf (slot tv 'tv-sec) timeout-secs)
      (setf (slot tv 'tv-usec) timeout-usecs))
    (int-syscall ("select" int (* (struct fd-set)) (* (struct fd-set))
                  (* (struct fd-set)) (* (struct timeval)))
                 num-descriptors read-fds write-fds exception-fds
                 (if timeout-secs (alien-sap (addr tv)) (int-sap 0)))))

;;; UNIX-SELECT accepts sets of file descriptors and waits for an event
;;; to happen on one of them or to time out.
(defmacro num-to-fd-set (fdset num)
  `(if (fixnump ,num)
       (progn
         (setf (deref (slot ,fdset 'fds-bits) 0) ,num)
         ,@(loop for index upfrom 1 below (/ fd-setsize
                                             sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
             collect `(setf (deref (slot ,fdset 'fds-bits) ,index) 0)))
       (progn
         ,@(loop for index upfrom 0 below (/ fd-setsize
                                             sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
             collect `(setf (deref (slot ,fdset 'fds-bits) ,index)
                            (ldb (byte sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits
                                       ,(* index sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits))
                                 ,num))))))

(defmacro fd-set-to-num (nfds fdset)
  `(if (<= ,nfds sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
       (deref (slot ,fdset 'fds-bits) 0)
       (+ ,@(loop for index upfrom 0 below (/ fd-setsize
                                              sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
              collect `(ash (deref (slot ,fdset 'fds-bits) ,index)
                            ,(* index sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits))))))

;;; Examine the sets of descriptors passed as arguments to see whether
;;; they are ready for reading and writing. See the UNIX Programmer's
;;; Manual for more information.
(defun unix-select (nfds rdfds wrfds xpfds to-secs &optional (to-usecs 0))
  (declare (type (integer 0 #.fd-setsize) nfds)
           (type unsigned-byte rdfds wrfds xpfds)
           (type (or (unsigned-byte 31) null) to-secs)
           (type (unsigned-byte 31) to-usecs)
           (optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (inhibit-warnings 3)))
  (with-alien ((tv (struct timeval))
               (rdf (struct fd-set))
               (wrf (struct fd-set))
               (xpf (struct fd-set)))
    (when to-secs
      (setf (slot tv 'tv-sec) to-secs)
     (setf (slot tv 'tv-usec) to-usecs))
    (num-to-fd-set rdf rdfds)
    (num-to-fd-set wrf wrfds)
    (num-to-fd-set xpf xpfds)
    (macrolet ((frob (lispvar alienvar)
                 `(if (zerop ,lispvar)
                      (int-sap 0)
                      (alien-sap (addr ,alienvar)))))
      (syscall ("select" int (* (struct fd-set)) (* (struct fd-set))
                (* (struct fd-set)) (* (struct timeval)))
               (values result
                       (fd-set-to-num nfds rdf)
                       (fd-set-to-num nfds wrf)
                       (fd-set-to-num nfds xpf))
               nfds (frob rdfds rdf) (frob wrfds wrf) (frob xpfds xpf)
               (if to-secs (alien-sap (addr tv)) (int-sap 0))))))
\f
;;;; sys/stat.h

;;; This is a structure defined in src/runtime/wrap.c, to look
;;; basically like "struct stat" according to stat(2). It may not
;;; actually correspond to the real in-memory stat structure that the
;;; syscall uses, and that's OK. Linux in particular is packed full of
;;; stat macros, and trying to keep Lisp code in correspondence with
;;; it is more pain than it's worth, so we just let our C runtime
;;; synthesize a nice consistent structure for us.
;;;
;;; Note that st-dev is a long, not a dev-t. This is because dev-t on
;;; linux 32 bit archs is a 64 bit quantity, but alien doesn't support
;;; those. We don't actually access that field anywhere, though, so
;;; until we can get 64 bit alien support it'll do. Also note that
;;; st_size is a long, not an off-t, because off-t is a 64-bit
;;; quantity on Alpha. And FIXME: "No one would want a file length
;;; longer than 32 bits anyway, right?":-|
(define-alien-type nil
  (struct wrapped_stat
    (st-dev #!-(or mips largefile) unsigned-int
            #!+mips unsigned-long
            #!+largefile dev-t)
    (st-ino ino-t)
    (st-mode mode-t)
    (st-nlink nlink-t)
    (st-uid uid-t)
    (st-gid gid-t)
    (st-rdev #!-(or mips largefile) unsigned-int
             #!+mips unsigned-long
             #!+largefile dev-t)
    (st-size #!-(or darwin mips largefile) unsigned-int
             #!+(or darwin mips largefile) off-t)
    #!+(and darwin)
    (st-blksize unsigned-int)
    #!-(and darwin)
    (st-blksize unsigned-long)
    (st-blocks unsigned-long)
    (st-atime time-t)
    (st-mtime time-t)
    (st-ctime time-t)))

;;; shared C-struct-to-multiple-VALUES conversion for the stat(2)
;;; family of Unix system calls
;;;
;;; FIXME: I think this should probably not be INLINE. However, when
;;; this was not inline, it seemed to cause memory corruption
;;; problems. My first guess is that it's a bug in the FFI code, where
;;; the WITH-ALIEN expansion doesn't deal well with being wrapped
;;; around a call to a function returning >10 values. But I didn't try
;;; to figure it out, just inlined it as a quick fix. Perhaps someone
;;; who's motivated to debug the FFI code can go over the DISASSEMBLE
;;; output in the not-inlined case and see whether there's a problem,
;;; and maybe even find a fix..
(declaim (inline %extract-stat-results))
(defun %extract-stat-results (wrapped-stat)
  (declare (type (alien (* (struct wrapped_stat))) wrapped-stat))
  (values t
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-dev)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-ino)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-mode)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-nlink)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-uid)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-gid)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-rdev)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-size)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-atime)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-mtime)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-ctime)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-blksize)
          (slot wrapped-stat 'st-blocks)))

;;; Unix system calls in the stat(2) family are handled by calls to
;;; C-level wrapper functions which copy all the raw "struct stat"
;;; slots into the system-independent wrapped_stat format.
;;;    stat(2) <->  stat_wrapper()
;;;   fstat(2) <-> fstat_wrapper()
;;;   lstat(2) <-> lstat_wrapper()
(defun unix-stat (name)
  (declare (type unix-pathname name))
  (with-alien ((buf (struct wrapped_stat)))
    (syscall ("stat_wrapper" c-string (* (struct wrapped_stat)))
             (%extract-stat-results (addr buf))
             name (addr buf))))
(defun unix-lstat (name)
  (declare (type unix-pathname name))
  (with-alien ((buf (struct wrapped_stat)))
    (syscall ("lstat_wrapper" c-string (* (struct wrapped_stat)))
             (%extract-stat-results (addr buf))
             name (addr buf))))
(defun unix-fstat (fd)
  (declare (type unix-fd fd))
  (with-alien ((buf (struct wrapped_stat)))
    (syscall ("fstat_wrapper" int (* (struct wrapped_stat)))
             (%extract-stat-results (addr buf))
             fd (addr buf))))
\f
;;;; time.h

;; the POSIX.4 structure for a time value. This is like a "struct
;; timeval" but has nanoseconds instead of microseconds.
(define-alien-type nil
    (struct timespec
            (tv-sec long)   ; seconds
            (tv-nsec long))) ; nanoseconds

;; used by other time functions
(define-alien-type nil
    (struct tm
            (tm-sec int)   ; Seconds.   [0-60] (1 leap second)
            (tm-min int)   ; Minutes.   [0-59]
            (tm-hour int)  ; Hours.     [0-23]
            (tm-mday int)  ; Day.       [1-31]
            (tm-mon int)   ; Month.     [0-11]
            (tm-year int)  ; Year - 1900.
            (tm-wday int)  ; Day of week. [0-6]
            (tm-yday int)  ; Days in year. [0-365]
            (tm-isdst int) ; DST.       [-1/0/1]
            (tm-gmtoff long) ;  Seconds east of UTC.
            (tm-zone c-string))) ; Timezone abbreviation.

(define-alien-routine get-timezone sb!alien:void
  (when sb!alien:long :in)
  (seconds-west sb!alien:int :out)
  (daylight-savings-p sb!alien:boolean :out))

#!-win32
(defun nanosleep (secs nsecs)
  (with-alien ((req (struct timespec))
               (rem (struct timespec)))
    (setf (slot req 'tv-sec) secs)
    (setf (slot req 'tv-nsec) nsecs)
    (loop while (eql sb!unix:eintr
                     (nth-value 1
                                (int-syscall ("nanosleep" (* (struct timespec))
                                                          (* (struct timespec)))
                                             (addr req) (addr rem))))
       do (rotatef req rem))))

(defun unix-get-seconds-west (secs)
  (multiple-value-bind (ignore seconds dst) (get-timezone secs)
    (declare (ignore ignore) (ignore dst))
    (values seconds)))
\f
;;;; sys/time.h

;;; Structure crudely representing a timezone. KLUDGE: This is
;;; obsolete and should never be used.
(define-alien-type nil
  (struct timezone
    (tz-minuteswest int)                ; minutes west of Greenwich
    (tz-dsttime int)))                  ; type of dst correction

;;; If it works, UNIX-GETTIMEOFDAY returns 5 values: T, the seconds
;;; and microseconds of the current time of day, the timezone (in
;;; minutes west of Greenwich), and a daylight-savings flag. If it
;;; doesn't work, it returns NIL and the errno.
#!-sb-fluid (declaim (inline unix-gettimeofday))
(defun unix-gettimeofday ()
  #!+(and x86-64 darwin)
  (with-alien ((tv (struct timeval)))
    ;; CLH: FIXME! This seems to be a MacOS bug, but on x86-64/darwin,
    ;; gettimeofday occasionally fails. passing in a null pointer for
    ;; the timezone struct seems to work around the problem. I can't
    ;; find any instances in the SBCL where we actually ues the
    ;; timezone values, so we just punt for the moment.
    (syscall* ("gettimeofday" (* (struct timeval))
                              (* (struct timezone)))
              (values t
                      (slot tv 'tv-sec)
                      (slot tv 'tv-usec))
              (addr tv)
              nil))
  #!-(and x86-64 darwin)
  (with-alien ((tv (struct timeval))
               (tz (struct timezone)))
    (syscall* ("gettimeofday" (* (struct timeval))
                              (* (struct timezone)))
              (values t
                      (slot tv 'tv-sec)
                      (slot tv 'tv-usec)
                      (slot tz 'tz-minuteswest)
                      (slot tz 'tz-dsttime))
              (addr tv)
              (addr tz))))
\f

;; Type of the second argument to `getitimer' and
;; the second and third arguments `setitimer'.
(define-alien-type nil
  (struct itimerval
    (it-interval (struct timeval))      ; timer interval
    (it-value (struct timeval))))       ; current value

(defconstant itimer-real 0)
(defconstant itimer-virtual 1)
(defconstant itimer-prof 2)

#!-win32
(defun unix-getitimer (which)
  "Unix-getitimer returns the INTERVAL and VALUE slots of one of
   three system timers (:real :virtual or :profile). On success,
   unix-getitimer returns 5 values,
   T, it-interval-secs, it-interval-usec, it-value-secs, it-value-usec."
  (declare (type (member :real :virtual :profile) which)
           (values t
                   (unsigned-byte 29) (mod 1000000)
                   (unsigned-byte 29) (mod 1000000)))
  (let ((which (ecase which
                 (:real itimer-real)
                 (:virtual itimer-virtual)
                 (:profile itimer-prof))))
    (with-alien ((itv (struct itimerval)))
      (syscall* ("getitimer" int (* (struct itimerval)))
                (values t
                        (slot (slot itv 'it-interval) 'tv-sec)
                        (slot (slot itv 'it-interval) 'tv-usec)
                        (slot (slot itv 'it-value) 'tv-sec)
                        (slot (slot itv 'it-value) 'tv-usec))
                which (alien-sap (addr itv))))))

#!-win32
(defun unix-setitimer (which int-secs int-usec val-secs val-usec)
  " Unix-setitimer sets the INTERVAL and VALUE slots of one of
   three system timers (:real :virtual or :profile). A SIGALRM signal
   will be delivered VALUE <seconds+microseconds> from now. INTERVAL,
   when non-zero, is <seconds+microseconds> to be loaded each time
   the timer expires. Setting INTERVAL and VALUE to zero disables
   the timer. See the Unix man page for more details. On success,
   unix-setitimer returns the old contents of the INTERVAL and VALUE
   slots as in unix-getitimer."
  (declare (type (member :real :virtual :profile) which)
           (type (unsigned-byte 29) int-secs val-secs)
           (type (integer 0 (1000000)) int-usec val-usec)
           (values t
                   (unsigned-byte 29) (mod 1000000)
                   (unsigned-byte 29) (mod 1000000)))
  (let ((which (ecase which
                 (:real itimer-real)
                 (:virtual itimer-virtual)
                 (:profile itimer-prof))))
    (with-alien ((itvn (struct itimerval))
                 (itvo (struct itimerval)))
      (setf (slot (slot itvn 'it-interval) 'tv-sec ) int-secs
            (slot (slot itvn 'it-interval) 'tv-usec) int-usec
            (slot (slot itvn 'it-value   ) 'tv-sec ) val-secs
            (slot (slot itvn 'it-value   ) 'tv-usec) val-usec)
      (syscall* ("setitimer" int (* (struct timeval))(* (struct timeval)))
                (values t
                        (slot (slot itvo 'it-interval) 'tv-sec)
                        (slot (slot itvo 'it-interval) 'tv-usec)
                        (slot (slot itvo 'it-value) 'tv-sec)
                        (slot (slot itvo 'it-value) 'tv-usec))
                which (alien-sap (addr itvn))(alien-sap (addr itvo))))))

\f
;;; FIXME: Many Unix error code definitions were deleted from the old
;;; CMU CL source code here, but not in the exports of SB-UNIX. I
;;; (WHN) hope that someday I'll figure out an automatic way to detect
;;; unused symbols in package exports, but if I don't, there are
;;; enough of them all in one place here that they should probably be
;;; removed by hand.
\f
;;;; support routines for dealing with Unix pathnames

(defun unix-file-kind (name &optional check-for-links)
  #!+sb-doc
  "Return either :FILE, :DIRECTORY, :LINK, :SPECIAL, or NIL."
  (declare (simple-string name))
  (multiple-value-bind (res dev ino mode)
      (if check-for-links (unix-lstat name) (unix-stat name))
    (declare (type (or fixnum null) mode)
             (ignore dev ino))
    (when res
      (let ((kind (logand mode s-ifmt)))
        (cond ((eql kind s-ifdir) :directory)
              ((eql kind s-ifreg) :file)
              #!-win32
              ((eql kind s-iflnk) :link)
              (t :special))))))

;;; Is the Unix pathname PATHNAME relative, instead of absolute? (E.g.
;;; "passwd" or "etc/passwd" instead of "/etc/passwd"?)
(defun relative-unix-pathname? (pathname)
  (declare (type simple-string pathname))
  (or (zerop (length pathname))
      (char/= (schar pathname 0) #\/)))

;;; Return PATHNAME with all symbolic links resolved. PATHNAME should
;;; already be a complete absolute Unix pathname, since at least in
;;; sbcl-0.6.12.36 we're called only from TRUENAME, and only after
;;; paths have been converted to absolute paths, so we don't need to
;;; try to handle any more generality than that.
(defun unix-resolve-links (pathname)
  (declare (type simple-string pathname))
  ;; KLUDGE: The Win32 platform doesn't have symbolic links, so
  ;; short-cut this computation (and the check for being an absolute
  ;; unix pathname...)
  #!+win32 (return-from unix-resolve-links pathname)
  (aver (not (relative-unix-pathname? pathname)))
  ;; KLUDGE: readlink and lstat are unreliable if given symlinks
  ;; ending in slashes -- fix the issue here instead of waiting for
  ;; libc to change...
  ;;
  ;; but be careful!  Must not strip the final slash from "/".  (This
  ;; adjustment might be a candidate for being transferred into the C
  ;; code in a wrap_readlink() function, too.) CSR, 2006-01-18
  (let ((len (length pathname)))
    (when (and (> len 1) (eql #\/ (schar pathname (1- len))))
      (setf pathname (subseq pathname 0 (1- len)))))
  (/noshow "entering UNIX-RESOLVE-LINKS")
  (loop with previous-pathnames = nil do
       (/noshow pathname previous-pathnames)
       (let ((link (unix-readlink pathname)))
          (/noshow link)
          ;; Unlike the old CMU CL code, we handle a broken symlink by
          ;; returning the link itself. That way, CL:TRUENAME on a
          ;; broken link returns the link itself, so that CL:DIRECTORY
          ;; can return broken links, so that even without
          ;; Unix-specific extensions to do interesting things with
          ;; them, at least Lisp programs can see them and, if
          ;; necessary, delete them. (This is handy e.g. when your
          ;; managed-by-Lisp directories are visited by Emacs, which
          ;; creates broken links as notes to itself.)
          (if (null link)
              (return pathname)
              (let ((new-pathname
                     (simplify-namestring
                      (if (relative-unix-pathname? link)
                          (let* ((dir-len (1+ (position #\/
                                                        pathname
                                                        :from-end t)))
                                 (dir (subseq pathname 0 dir-len)))
                            (/noshow dir)
                            (concatenate 'string dir link))
                          link))))
                (if (unix-file-kind new-pathname)
                    (setf pathname new-pathname)
                    (return pathname)))))
        ;; To generalize the principle that even if portable Lisp code
        ;; can't do anything interesting with a broken symlink, at
        ;; least it should be able to see and delete it, when we
        ;; detect a cyclic link, we return the link itself. (So even
        ;; though portable Lisp code can't do anything interesting
        ;; with a cyclic link, at least it can see it and delete it.)
        (if (member pathname previous-pathnames :test #'string=)
            (return pathname)
            (push pathname previous-pathnames))))
\f
;;; UNIX specific code, that has been cleanly separated from the
;;; Windows build.
#!-win32
(progn
  (defconstant micro-seconds-per-internal-time-unit
    (/ 1000000 sb!xc:internal-time-units-per-second))

  (declaim (inline system-internal-run-time
                   internal-real-time-values))

  (defun internal-real-time-values ()
    (multiple-value-bind (ignore seconds useconds) (unix-gettimeofday)
      (declare (ignore ignore) (type (unsigned-byte 32) seconds useconds))
      (values seconds (truncate useconds micro-seconds-per-internal-time-unit))))

  ;; There are two optimizations here that actually matter (on 32-bit
  ;; systems): substract the epoch from seconds and milliseconds
  ;; separately, as those should remain fixnums for the first 17 years
  ;; or so of runtime. Also, avoid doing consing a new bignum if the
  ;; result would be = to the last result given.
  ;;
  ;; Note: the next trick would be to spin a separate thread to update
  ;; a global value once per internal tick, so each individual call to
  ;; get-internal-real-time would be just a memory read... but that is
  ;; probably best left for user-level code. ;)
  ;;
  ;; Thanks to James Anderson for the optimization hint.
  ;;
  ;; Yes, it is possible to a computation to be GET-INTERNAL-REAL-TIME
  ;; bound.
  ;;
  ;; --NS 2007-04-05
  (let ((e-sec 0)
        (e-msec 0)
        (c-sec 0)
        (c-msec 0)
        (now 0))
    (declare (type (unsigned-byte 32) e-sec c-sec)
             (type fixnum e-msec c-msec)
             (type unsigned-byte now))
    (defun reinit-internal-real-time ()
      (setf (values e-sec e-msec) (internal-real-time-values)
            c-sec 0
            c-msec 0))
    ;; If two threads call this at the same time, we're still safe, I believe,
    ;; as long as NOW is updated before either of C-MSEC or C-SEC. Same applies
    ;; to interrupts. --NS
    (defun get-internal-real-time ()
      (multiple-value-bind (sec msec) (internal-real-time-values)
        (unless (and (= msec c-msec) (= sec c-sec))
          (setf now (+ (* (- sec e-sec) sb!xc:internal-time-units-per-second)
                       (- msec e-msec))
                c-msec msec
                c-sec sec))
        now)))

  (defun system-internal-run-time ()
    (multiple-value-bind (ignore utime-sec utime-usec stime-sec stime-usec)
        (unix-fast-getrusage rusage_self)
      (declare (ignore ignore)
               (type (unsigned-byte 31) utime-sec stime-sec)
               ;; (Classic CMU CL had these (MOD 1000000) instead, but
               ;; at least in Linux 2.2.12, the type doesn't seem to
               ;; be documented anywhere and the observed behavior is
               ;; to sometimes return 1000000 exactly.)
               (type (integer 0 1000000) utime-usec stime-usec))
      (let ((result (+ (* (+ utime-sec stime-sec)
                          sb!xc:internal-time-units-per-second)
                       (floor (+ utime-usec
                                 stime-usec
                                 (floor micro-seconds-per-internal-time-unit 2))
                              micro-seconds-per-internal-time-unit))))
        result))))
\f
;;;; A magic constant for wait3().
;;;;
;;;; FIXME: This used to be defined in run-program.lisp as
;;;; (defconstant wait-wstopped #-svr4 #o177 #+svr4 wait-wuntraced)
;;;; According to some of the man pages, the #o177 is part of the API
;;;; for wait3(); that said, under SunOS there is a WSTOPPED thing in
;;;; the headers that may or may not be the same thing. To be
;;;; investigated. -- CSR, 2002-03-25
(defconstant wstopped #o177)

\f
;;;; stuff not yet found in the header files
;;;;
;;;; Abandon all hope who enters here...

;;; not checked for linux...
(defmacro fd-set (offset fd-set)
  (let ((word (gensym))
        (bit (gensym)))
    `(multiple-value-bind (,word ,bit) (floor ,offset
                                              sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
       (setf (deref (slot ,fd-set 'fds-bits) ,word)
             (logior (truly-the (unsigned-byte #.sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
                                (ash 1 ,bit))
                     (deref (slot ,fd-set 'fds-bits) ,word))))))

;;; not checked for linux...
(defmacro fd-clr (offset fd-set)
  (let ((word (gensym))
        (bit (gensym)))
    `(multiple-value-bind (,word ,bit) (floor ,offset
                                              sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
       (setf (deref (slot ,fd-set 'fds-bits) ,word)
             (logand (deref (slot ,fd-set 'fds-bits) ,word)
                     (sb!kernel:word-logical-not
                      (truly-the (unsigned-byte #.sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
                                 (ash 1 ,bit))))))))

;;; not checked for linux...
(defmacro fd-isset (offset fd-set)
  (let ((word (gensym))
        (bit (gensym)))
    `(multiple-value-bind (,word ,bit) (floor ,offset
                                              sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
       (logbitp ,bit (deref (slot ,fd-set 'fds-bits) ,word)))))

;;; not checked for linux...
(defmacro fd-zero (fd-set)
  `(progn
     ,@(loop for index upfrom 0 below (/ fd-setsize sb!vm:n-machine-word-bits)
         collect `(setf (deref (slot ,fd-set 'fds-bits) ,index) 0))))