1 ;;;; This file implements type check generation. This is a phase that
2 ;;;; runs at the very end of IR1. If a type check is too complex for
3 ;;;; the back end to directly emit in-line, then we transform the check
4 ;;;; into an explicit conditional using TYPEP.
6 ;;;; This software is part of the SBCL system. See the README file for
9 ;;;; This software is derived from the CMU CL system, which was
10 ;;;; written at Carnegie Mellon University and released into the
11 ;;;; public domain. The software is in the public domain and is
12 ;;;; provided with absolutely no warranty. See the COPYING and CREDITS
13 ;;;; files for more information.
19 ;;; Return some sort of guess about the cost of a call to a function.
20 ;;; If the function has some templates, we return the cost of the
21 ;;; cheapest one, otherwise we return the cost of CALL-NAMED. Calling
22 ;;; this with functions that have transforms can result in relatively
23 ;;; meaningless results (exaggerated costs.)
25 ;;; We special-case NULL, since it does have a source tranform and is
26 ;;; interesting to us.
27 (defun fun-guessed-cost (name)
28 (declare (symbol name))
29 (let ((info (info :function :info name))
30 (call-cost (template-cost (template-or-lose 'call-named))))
32 (let ((templates (fun-info-templates info)))
34 (template-cost (first templates))
36 (null (template-cost (template-or-lose 'if-eq)))
40 ;;; Return some sort of guess for the cost of doing a test against
41 ;;; TYPE. The result need not be precise as long as it isn't way out
42 ;;; in space. The units are based on the costs specified for various
43 ;;; templates in the VM definition.
44 (defun type-test-cost (type)
45 (declare (type ctype type))
46 (or (when (eq type *universal-type*)
48 (when (eq type *empty-type*)
50 (let ((check (type-check-template type)))
53 (let ((found (cdr (assoc type *backend-type-predicates*
56 (+ (fun-guessed-cost found) (fun-guessed-cost 'eq))
60 (reduce #'+ (compound-type-types type) :key 'type-test-cost))
62 (* (length (member-type-members type))
63 (fun-guessed-cost 'eq)))
65 (* (if (numeric-type-complexp type) 2 1)
67 (if (csubtypep type (specifier-type 'fixnum)) 'fixnump 'numberp))
69 (if (numeric-type-low type) 1 0)
70 (if (numeric-type-high type) 1 0))))
72 (+ (type-test-cost (specifier-type 'cons))
73 (fun-guessed-cost 'car)
74 (type-test-cost (cons-type-car-type type))
75 (fun-guessed-cost 'cdr)
76 (type-test-cost (cons-type-cdr-type type))))
78 (fun-guessed-cost 'typep)))))
81 (weaken-type :hash-bits 8
82 :hash-function (lambda (x)
83 (logand (type-hash-value x) #xFF)))
85 (declare (type ctype type))
86 (let ((min-cost (type-test-cost type))
89 (dolist (x *backend-type-predicates*)
90 (let* ((stype (car x))
91 (samep (type= stype type)))
93 (and (csubtypep type stype)
94 (not (union-type-p stype))))
95 (let ((stype-cost (type-test-cost stype)))
96 (when (or (< stype-cost min-cost)
98 ;; If the supertype is equal in cost to the type, we
99 ;; prefer the supertype. This produces a closer
100 ;; approximation of the right thing in the presence of
104 min-cost stype-cost))))))
105 ;; This used to return the *UNIVERSAL-TYPE* if no supertype was found,
106 ;; but that's too liberal: it's far too easy for the user to create
107 ;; a union type (which are excluded above), and then trick the compiler
108 ;; into trusting the union type... and finally ending up corrupting the
109 ;; heap once a bad object sneaks past the missing type check.
114 (defun weaken-values-type (type)
115 (declare (type ctype type))
116 (cond ((eq type *wild-type*) type)
117 ((not (values-type-p type))
120 (make-values-type :required (mapcar #'weaken-type
121 (values-type-required type))
122 :optional (mapcar #'weaken-type
123 (values-type-optional type))
124 :rest (acond ((values-type-rest type)
125 (weaken-type it)))))))
127 ;;;; checking strategy determination
129 ;;; Return the type we should test for when we really want to check
130 ;;; for TYPE. If type checking policy is "fast", then we return a
131 ;;; weaker type if it is easier to check. First we try the defined
132 ;;; type weakenings, then look for any predicate that is cheaper.
133 (defun maybe-weaken-check (type policy)
134 (declare (type ctype type))
135 (ecase (policy policy type-check)
137 (2 (weaken-values-type type))
140 ;;; This is like VALUES-TYPES, only we mash any complex function types
142 (defun no-fun-values-types (type)
143 (declare (type ctype type))
144 (multiple-value-bind (res count) (values-types type)
145 (values (mapcar (lambda (type)
146 (if (fun-type-p type)
147 (specifier-type 'function)
152 ;;; Switch to disable check complementing, for evaluation.
153 (defvar *complement-type-checks* t)
155 ;;; LVAR is an lvar we are doing a type check on and TYPES is a list
156 ;;; of types that we are checking its values against. If we have
157 ;;; proven that LVAR generates a fixed number of values, then for each
158 ;;; value, we check whether it is cheaper to then difference between
159 ;;; the proven type and the corresponding type in TYPES. If so, we opt
160 ;;; for a :HAIRY check with that test negated. Otherwise, we try to do
161 ;;; a simple test, and if that is impossible, we do a hairy test with
162 ;;; non-negated types. If true, FORCE-HAIRY forces a hairy type check.
164 ;;; When doing a non-negated check, we call MAYBE-WEAKEN-CHECK to
165 ;;; weaken the test to a convenient supertype (conditional on policy.)
166 ;;; If SPEED is 3, or DEBUG-INFO is not particularly important (DEBUG
167 ;;; <= 1), then we allow weakened checks to be simple, resulting in
168 ;;; less informative error messages, but saving space and possibly
171 ;;; FIXME: I don't quite understand this, but it looks as though
172 ;;; that means type checks are weakened when SPEED=3 regardless of
173 ;;; the SAFETY level, which is not the right thing to do.
174 (defun maybe-negate-check (lvar types original-types force-hairy n-required)
175 (declare (type lvar lvar) (list types original-types))
176 (let ((ptypes (values-type-out (lvar-derived-type lvar) (length types))))
177 (multiple-value-bind (hairy-res simple-res)
178 (loop for p in ptypes
180 and a in original-types
182 for cc = (if (>= i n-required)
183 (type-union c (specifier-type 'null))
185 for diff = (type-difference p cc)
186 collect (if (and diff
187 (< (type-test-cost diff)
189 *complement-type-checks*)
193 collect cc into simple-res
194 finally (return (values hairy-res simple-res)))
195 (cond ((or force-hairy (find-if #'first hairy-res))
196 (values :hairy hairy-res))
197 ((every #'type-check-template simple-res)
198 (values :simple simple-res))
200 (values :hairy hairy-res))))))
202 ;;; Determines whether CAST's assertion is:
203 ;;; -- checkable by the back end (:SIMPLE), or
204 ;;; -- not checkable by the back end, but checkable via an explicit
205 ;;; test in type check conversion (:HAIRY), or
206 ;;; -- not reasonably checkable at all (:TOO-HAIRY).
208 ;;; We may check only fixed number of values; in any case the number
209 ;;; of generated values is trusted. If we know the number of produced
210 ;;; values, all of them are checked; otherwise if we know the number
211 ;;; of consumed -- only they are checked; otherwise the check is not
214 ;;; A type is simply checkable if all the type assertions have a
215 ;;; TYPE-CHECK-TEMPLATE. In this :SIMPLE case, the second value is a
216 ;;; list of the type restrictions specified for the leading positional
221 ;;; We force a check to be hairy even when there are fixed values
222 ;;; if we are in a context where we may be forced to use the
223 ;;; unknown values convention anyway. This is because IR2tran can't
224 ;;; generate type checks for unknown values lvars but people could
225 ;;; still be depending on the check being done. We only care about
226 ;;; EXIT and RETURN (not MV-COMBINATION) since these are the only
227 ;;; contexts where the ultimate values receiver
229 ;;; In the :HAIRY case, the second value is a list of triples of
231 ;;; (NOT-P TYPE ORIGINAL-TYPE)
233 ;;; If true, the NOT-P flag indicates a test that the corresponding
234 ;;; value is *not* of the specified TYPE. ORIGINAL-TYPE is the type
235 ;;; asserted on this value in the lvar, for use in error
236 ;;; messages. When NOT-P is true, this will be different from TYPE.
238 ;;; This allows us to take what has been proven about CAST's argument
239 ;;; type into consideration. If it is cheaper to test for the
240 ;;; difference between the derived type and the asserted type, then we
241 ;;; check for the negation of this type instead.
242 (defun cast-check-types (cast force-hairy)
243 (declare (type cast cast))
244 (let* ((ctype (coerce-to-values (cast-type-to-check cast)))
245 (atype (coerce-to-values (cast-asserted-type cast)))
246 (dtype (node-derived-type cast))
247 (value (cast-value cast))
248 (lvar (node-lvar cast))
249 (dest (and lvar (lvar-dest lvar)))
250 (n-consumed (cond ((not lvar)
252 ((lvar-single-value-p lvar)
254 ((and (mv-combination-p dest)
255 (eq (mv-combination-kind dest) :local))
256 (let ((fun-ref (lvar-use (mv-combination-fun dest))))
257 (length (lambda-vars (ref-leaf fun-ref)))))))
258 (n-required (length (values-type-required dtype))))
259 (aver (not (eq ctype *wild-type*)))
260 (cond ((and (null (values-type-optional dtype))
261 (not (values-type-rest dtype)))
262 ;; we [almost] know how many values are produced
263 (maybe-negate-check value
264 (values-type-out ctype n-required)
265 (values-type-out atype n-required)
266 ;; backend checks only consumed values
267 (not (eql n-required n-consumed))
269 ((lvar-single-value-p lvar)
270 ;; exactly one value is consumed
271 (principal-lvar-single-valuify lvar)
272 (flet ((get-type (type)
273 (acond ((args-type-required type)
275 ((args-type-optional type)
277 (t (bug "type ~S is too hairy" type)))))
278 (multiple-value-bind (ctype atype)
279 (values (get-type ctype) (get-type atype))
280 (maybe-negate-check value
281 (list ctype) (list atype)
284 ((and (mv-combination-p dest)
285 (eq (mv-combination-kind dest) :local))
286 ;; we know the number of consumed values
287 (maybe-negate-check value
288 (adjust-list (values-type-types ctype)
291 (adjust-list (values-type-types atype)
297 (values :too-hairy nil)))))
299 ;;; Do we want to do a type check?
300 (defun cast-externally-checkable-p (cast)
301 (declare (type cast cast))
302 (let* ((lvar (node-lvar cast))
303 (dest (and lvar (lvar-dest lvar))))
304 (and (combination-p dest)
305 ;; The theory is that the type assertion is from a
306 ;; declaration in (or on) the callee, so the callee should be
307 ;; able to do the check. We want to let the callee do the
308 ;; check, because it is possible that by the time of call
309 ;; that declaration will be changed and we do not want to
310 ;; make people recompile all calls to a function when they
311 ;; were originally compiled with a bad declaration. (See also
313 (or (immediately-used-p lvar cast)
314 (binding* ((ctran (node-next cast) :exit-if-null)
315 (next (ctran-next ctran)))
317 (eq (node-dest next) dest)
318 (eq (cast-type-check next) :external))))
319 (values-subtypep (lvar-externally-checkable-type lvar)
320 (cast-type-to-check cast)))))
322 ;;; Return true if CAST's value is an lvar whose type the back end is
323 ;;; likely to want to check. Since we don't know what template the
324 ;;; back end is going to choose to implement the continuation's DEST,
325 ;;; we use a heuristic. We always return T unless:
326 ;;; -- nobody uses the value, or
327 ;;; -- safety is totally unimportant, or
328 ;;; -- the lvar is an argument to an unknown function, or
329 ;;; -- the lvar is an argument to a known function that has
330 ;;; no IR2-CONVERT method or :FAST-SAFE templates that are
331 ;;; compatible with the call's type.
332 (defun probable-type-check-p (cast)
333 (declare (type cast cast))
334 (let* ((lvar (node-lvar cast))
335 (dest (and lvar (lvar-dest lvar))))
336 (cond ((not dest) nil)
339 (cond ((or (not dest)
340 (policy dest (zerop safety)))
342 ((basic-combination-p dest)
343 (let ((kind (basic-combination-kind dest)))
345 ((eq cont (basic-combination-fun dest)) t)
350 (and (combination-p dest)
351 (not (values-subtypep ; explicit THE
352 (continuation-externally-checkable-type cont)
353 (continuation-type-to-check cont)))))
354 ;; :ERROR means that we have an invalid syntax of
355 ;; the call and the callee will detect it before
356 ;; thinking about types.
359 (let ((info (basic-combination-fun-info dest)))
360 (if (fun-info-ir2-convert info)
362 (dolist (template (fun-info-templates info) nil)
363 (when (eq (template-ltn-policy template)
365 (multiple-value-bind (val win)
366 (valid-fun-use dest (template-type template))
367 (when (or val (not win)) (return t)))))))))))))
370 ;;; Return a lambda form that we can convert to do a hairy type check
371 ;;; of the specified TYPES. TYPES is a list of the format returned by
372 ;;; LVAR-CHECK-TYPES in the :HAIRY case.
374 ;;; Note that we don't attempt to check for required values being
375 ;;; unsupplied. Such checking is impossible to efficiently do at the
376 ;;; source level because our fixed-values conventions are optimized
377 ;;; for the common MV-BIND case.
378 (defun make-type-check-form (types)
379 (let ((temps (make-gensym-list (length types))))
380 `(multiple-value-bind ,temps
382 ,@(mapcar (lambda (temp type)
384 (let ((*unparse-fun-type-simplify* t))
385 (type-specifier (second type))))
386 (test (if (first type) `(not ,spec) spec)))
387 `(unless (typep ,temp ',test)
390 ',(type-specifier (third type))))))
395 ;;; Splice in explicit type check code immediately before CAST. This
396 ;;; code receives the value(s) that were being passed to CAST-VALUE,
397 ;;; checks the type(s) of the value(s), then passes them further.
398 (defun convert-type-check (cast types)
399 (declare (type cast cast) (type list types))
400 (let ((value (cast-value cast))
401 (length (length types)))
402 (filter-lvar value (make-type-check-form types))
403 (reoptimize-lvar (cast-value cast))
404 (setf (cast-type-to-check cast) *wild-type*)
405 (setf (cast-%type-check cast) nil)
406 (let* ((atype (cast-asserted-type cast))
407 (atype (cond ((not (values-type-p atype))
410 (single-value-type atype))
413 :required (values-type-out atype length)))))
414 (dtype (node-derived-type cast))
415 (dtype (make-values-type
416 :required (values-type-out dtype length))))
417 (setf (cast-asserted-type cast) atype)
418 (setf (node-derived-type cast) dtype)))
422 ;;; Check all possible arguments of CAST and emit type warnings for
423 ;;; those with type errors. If the value of USE is being used for a
424 ;;; variable binding, we figure out which one for source context. If
425 ;;; the value is a constant, we print it specially.
426 (defun cast-check-uses (cast)
427 (declare (type cast cast))
428 (let* ((lvar (node-lvar cast))
429 (dest (and lvar (lvar-dest lvar)))
430 (value (cast-value cast))
431 (atype (cast-asserted-type cast)))
433 (let ((dtype (node-derived-type use)))
434 (unless (values-types-equal-or-intersect dtype atype)
435 (let* ((*compiler-error-context* use)
436 (atype-spec (type-specifier atype))
437 (what (when (and (combination-p dest)
438 (eq (combination-kind dest) :local))
439 (let ((lambda (combination-lambda dest))
440 (pos (position-or-lose
441 lvar (combination-args dest))))
442 (format nil "~:[A possible~;The~] binding of ~S"
443 (and (lvar-has-single-use-p lvar)
444 (eq (functional-kind lambda) :let))
445 (leaf-source-name (elt (lambda-vars lambda)
447 (cond ((and (ref-p use) (constant-p (ref-leaf use)))
450 "~:[This~;~:*~A~] is not a ~<~%~9T~:;~S:~>~% ~S"
452 (list what atype-spec
453 (constant-value (ref-leaf use)))))
457 "~:[Result~;~:*~A~] is a ~S, ~<~%~9T~:;not a ~S.~>"
459 (list what (type-specifier dtype) atype-spec)))))))))
462 ;;; Loop over all blocks in COMPONENT that have TYPE-CHECK set,
463 ;;; looking for CASTs with TYPE-CHECK T. We do two mostly unrelated
464 ;;; things: detect compile-time type errors and determine if and how
465 ;;; to do run-time type checks.
467 ;;; If there is a compile-time type error, then we mark the CAST and
468 ;;; emit a warning if appropriate. This part loops over all the uses
469 ;;; of the continuation, since after we convert the check, the
470 ;;; :DELETED kind will inhibit warnings about the types of other uses.
472 ;;; If the cast is too complex to be checked by the back end, or is
473 ;;; better checked with explicit code, then convert to an explicit
474 ;;; test. Assertions that can checked by the back end are passed
475 ;;; through. Assertions that can't be tested are flamed about and
476 ;;; marked as not needing to be checked.
478 ;;; If we determine that a type check won't be done, then we set
479 ;;; TYPE-CHECK to :NO-CHECK. In the non-hairy cases, this is just to
480 ;;; prevent us from wasting time coming to the same conclusion again
481 ;;; on a later iteration. In the hairy case, we must indicate to LTN
482 ;;; that it must choose a safe implementation, since IR2 conversion
483 ;;; will choke on the check.
485 ;;; The generation of the type checks is delayed until all the type
486 ;;; check decisions have been made because the generation of the type
487 ;;; checks creates new nodes whose derived types aren't always updated
488 ;;; which may lead to inappropriate template choices due to the
489 ;;; modification of argument types.
490 (defun generate-type-checks (component)
492 (do-blocks (block component)
493 (when (block-type-check block)
494 ;; CAST-EXTERNALLY-CHECKABLE-P wants the backward pass
495 (do-nodes-backwards (node nil block)
496 (when (and (cast-p node)
497 (cast-type-check node))
498 (cast-check-uses node)
499 (cond ((cast-externally-checkable-p node)
500 (setf (cast-%type-check node) :external))
502 ;; it is possible that NODE was marked :EXTERNAL by
504 (setf (cast-%type-check node) t)
505 (casts (cons node (not (probable-type-check-p node))))))))
506 (setf (block-type-check block) nil)))
507 (dolist (cast (casts))
508 (destructuring-bind (cast . force-hairy) cast
509 (multiple-value-bind (check types)
510 (cast-check-types cast force-hairy)
514 (convert-type-check cast types))
516 (let ((*compiler-error-context* cast))
517 (when (policy cast (>= safety inhibit-warnings))
519 "type assertion too complex to check:~% ~S."
520 (type-specifier (coerce-to-values (cast-asserted-type cast))))))
521 (setf (cast-type-to-check cast) *wild-type*)
522 (setf (cast-%type-check cast) nil)))))))