src/runtime/thread.c

   1 /*
   2  * This software is part of the SBCL system. See the README file for
   3  * more information.
   4  *
   5  * This software is derived from the CMU CL system, which was
   6  * written at Carnegie Mellon University and released into the
   7  * public domain. The software is in the public domain and is
   8  * provided with absolutely no warranty. See the COPYING and CREDITS
   9  * files for more information.
  10  */
  11
  12 #include "sbcl.h"
  13
  14 #include <stdlib.h>
  15 #include <stdio.h>
  16 #include <string.h>
  17 #ifndef LISP_FEATURE_WIN32
  18 #include <sched.h>
  19 #endif
  20 #include <signal.h>
  21 #include <stddef.h>
  22 #include <errno.h>
  23 #include <sys/types.h>
  24 #ifndef LISP_FEATURE_WIN32
  25 #include <sys/wait.h>
  26 #endif
  27
  28 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_MACH_EXCEPTION_HANDLER
  29 #include <mach/mach.h>
  30 #include <mach/mach_error.h>
  31 #include <mach/mach_types.h>
  32 #endif
  33
  34 #include "runtime.h"
  35 #include "validate.h"           /* for BINDING_STACK_SIZE etc */
  36 #include "thread.h"
  37 #include "arch.h"
  38 #include "target-arch-os.h"
  39 #include "os.h"
  40 #include "globals.h"
  41 #include "dynbind.h"
  42 #include "genesis/cons.h"
  43 #include "genesis/fdefn.h"
  44 #include "interr.h"             /* for lose() */
  45 #include "alloc.h"
  46 #include "gc-internal.h"
  47
  48 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_WIN32
  49 /*
  50  * Win32 doesn't have SIGSTKSZ, and we're not switching stacks anyway,
  51  * so define it arbitrarily
  52  */
  53 #define SIGSTKSZ 1024
  54 #endif
  55
  56 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_DARWIN) && defined(LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD)
  57 #define DELAY_THREAD_POST_MORTEM 5
  58 #define LOCK_CREATE_THREAD
  59 #endif
  60
  61 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_FREEBSD
  62 #define CREATE_CLEANUP_THREAD
  63 #define LOCK_CREATE_THREAD
  64 #endif
  65
  66 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
  67 struct thread_post_mortem {
  68 #ifdef DELAY_THREAD_POST_MORTEM
  69     struct thread_post_mortem *next;
  70 #endif
  71     os_thread_t os_thread;
  72     pthread_attr_t *os_attr;
  73     os_vm_address_t os_address;
  74 };
  75
  76 #ifdef DELAY_THREAD_POST_MORTEM
  77 static int pending_thread_post_mortem_count = 0;
  78 pthread_mutex_t thread_post_mortem_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
  79 #endif
  80 static struct thread_post_mortem * volatile pending_thread_post_mortem = 0;
  81 #endif
  82
  83 int dynamic_values_bytes=TLS_SIZE*sizeof(lispobj);  /* same for all threads */
  84 struct thread *all_threads;
  85 extern struct interrupt_data * global_interrupt_data;
  86
  87 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
  88 pthread_mutex_t all_threads_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
  89 #ifdef LOCK_CREATE_THREAD
  90 static pthread_mutex_t create_thread_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
  91 #endif
  92 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_GCC_TLS
  93 __thread struct thread *current_thread;
  94 #endif
  95 pthread_key_t lisp_thread = 0;
  96 #endif
  97
  98 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
  99 extern lispobj call_into_lisp_first_time(lispobj fun, lispobj *args, int nargs);
 100 #endif
 101
 102 static void
 103 link_thread(struct thread *th)
 104 {
 105     if (all_threads) all_threads->prev=th;
 106     th->next=all_threads;
 107     th->prev=0;
 108     all_threads=th;
 109 }
 110
 111 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 112 static void
 113 unlink_thread(struct thread *th)
 114 {
 115     if (th->prev)
 116         th->prev->next = th->next;
 117     else
 118         all_threads = th->next;
 119     if (th->next)
 120         th->next->prev = th->prev;
 121 }
 122 #endif
 123
 124 static int
 125 initial_thread_trampoline(struct thread *th)
 126 {
 127     lispobj function;
 128 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
 129     lispobj *args = NULL;
 130 #endif
 131 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 132     pthread_setspecific(lisp_thread, (void *)1);
 133 #endif
 134     function = th->no_tls_value_marker;
 135     th->no_tls_value_marker = NO_TLS_VALUE_MARKER_WIDETAG;
 136     if(arch_os_thread_init(th)==0) return 1;
 137     link_thread(th);
 138     th->os_thread=thread_self();
 139 #ifndef LISP_FEATURE_WIN32
 140     protect_control_stack_hard_guard_page(1, NULL);
 141     protect_binding_stack_hard_guard_page(1, NULL);
 142     protect_alien_stack_hard_guard_page(1, NULL);
 143     protect_control_stack_guard_page(1, NULL);
 144     protect_binding_stack_guard_page(1, NULL);
 145     protect_alien_stack_guard_page(1, NULL);
 146 #endif
 147
 148 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
 149     return call_into_lisp_first_time(function,args,0);
 150 #else
 151     return funcall0(function);
 152 #endif
 153 }
 154
 155 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 156 #define THREAD_STATE_LOCK_SIZE \
 157     (sizeof(pthread_mutex_t))+(sizeof(pthread_cond_t))
 158 #else
 159 #define THREAD_STATE_LOCK_SIZE 0
 160 #endif
 161
 162 #define THREAD_STRUCT_SIZE (thread_control_stack_size + BINDING_STACK_SIZE + \
 163                             ALIEN_STACK_SIZE +                               \
 164                             THREAD_STATE_LOCK_SIZE +                         \
 165                             dynamic_values_bytes +                           \
 166                             32 * SIGSTKSZ +                                  \
 167                             THREAD_ALIGNMENT_BYTES)
 168
 169 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 170 /* THREAD POST MORTEM CLEANUP
 171  *
 172  * Memory allocated for the thread stacks cannot be reclaimed while
 173  * the thread is still alive, so we need a mechanism for post mortem
 174  * cleanups. FIXME: We actually have three, for historical reasons as
 175  * the saying goes. Do we really need three? Nikodemus guesses that
 176  * not anymore, now that we properly call pthread_attr_destroy before
 177  * freeing the stack. */
 178
 179 static struct thread_post_mortem *
 180 plan_thread_post_mortem(struct thread *corpse)
 181 {
 182     if (corpse) {
 183         struct thread_post_mortem *post_mortem = malloc(sizeof(struct thread_post_mortem));
 184         gc_assert(post_mortem);
 185         post_mortem->os_thread = corpse->os_thread;
 186         post_mortem->os_attr = corpse->os_attr;
 187         post_mortem->os_address = corpse->os_address;
 188 #ifdef DELAY_THREAD_POST_MORTEM
 189         post_mortem->next = NULL;
 190 #endif
 191         return post_mortem;
 192     } else {
 193         /* FIXME: When does this happen? */
 194         return NULL;
 195     }
 196 }
 197
 198 static void
 199 perform_thread_post_mortem(struct thread_post_mortem *post_mortem)
 200 {
 201 #ifdef CREATE_POST_MORTEM_THREAD
 202     pthread_detach(pthread_self());
 203 #endif
 204     if (post_mortem) {
 205         gc_assert(!pthread_join(post_mortem->os_thread, NULL));
 206         gc_assert(!pthread_attr_destroy(post_mortem->os_attr));
 207         free(post_mortem->os_attr);
 208         os_invalidate(post_mortem->os_address, THREAD_STRUCT_SIZE);
 209         free(post_mortem);
 210     }
 211 }
 212
 213 static void
 214 schedule_thread_post_mortem(struct thread *corpse)
 215 {
 216     struct thread_post_mortem *post_mortem = NULL;
 217     if (corpse) {
 218         post_mortem = plan_thread_post_mortem(corpse);
 219
 220 #ifdef DELAY_THREAD_POST_MORTEM
 221         pthread_mutex_lock(&thread_post_mortem_lock);
 222         /* First stick the new post mortem to the end of the queue. */
 223         if (pending_thread_post_mortem) {
 224             struct thread_post_mortem *next = pending_thread_post_mortem;
 225             while (next->next) {
 226                 next = next->next;
 227             }
 228             next->next = post_mortem;
 229         } else {
 230             pending_thread_post_mortem = post_mortem;
 231         }
 232         /* Then, if there are enough things in the queue, clean up one
 233          * from the head -- or increment the count, and null out the
 234          * post_mortem we have. */
 235         if (pending_thread_post_mortem_count > DELAY_THREAD_POST_MORTEM) {
 236             post_mortem = pending_thread_post_mortem;
 237             pending_thread_post_mortem = post_mortem->next;
 238         } else {
 239             pending_thread_post_mortem_count++;
 240             post_mortem = NULL;
 241         }
 242         pthread_mutex_unlock(&thread_post_mortem_lock);
 243         /* Finally run, the cleanup, if any. */
 244         perform_thread_post_mortem(post_mortem);
 245 #elif defined(CREATE_POST_MORTEM_THREAD)
 246         gc_assert(!pthread_create(&thread, NULL, perform_thread_post_mortem, post_mortem));
 247 #else
 248         post_mortem = (struct thread_post_mortem *)
 249             swap_lispobjs((lispobj *)(void *)&pending_thread_post_mortem,
 250                           (lispobj)post_mortem);
 251         perform_thread_post_mortem(post_mortem);
 252 #endif
 253     }
 254 }
 255
 256 /* this is the first thing that runs in the child (which is why the
 257  * silly calling convention).  Basically it calls the user's requested
 258  * lisp function after doing arch_os_thread_init and whatever other
 259  * bookkeeping needs to be done
 260  */
 261 int
 262 new_thread_trampoline(struct thread *th)
 263 {
 264     lispobj function;
 265     int result, lock_ret;
 266
 267     FSHOW((stderr,"/creating thread %lu\n", thread_self()));
 268     check_deferrables_blocked_or_lose(0);
 269     check_gc_signals_unblocked_or_lose(0);
 270     pthread_setspecific(lisp_thread, (void *)1);
 271     function = th->no_tls_value_marker;
 272     th->no_tls_value_marker = NO_TLS_VALUE_MARKER_WIDETAG;
 273     if(arch_os_thread_init(th)==0) {
 274         /* FIXME: handle error */
 275         lose("arch_os_thread_init failed\n");
 276     }
 277
 278     th->os_thread=thread_self();
 279     protect_control_stack_guard_page(1, NULL);
 280     protect_binding_stack_guard_page(1, NULL);
 281     protect_alien_stack_guard_page(1, NULL);
 282     /* Since GC can only know about this thread from the all_threads
 283      * list and we're just adding this thread to it, there is no
 284      * danger of deadlocking even with SIG_STOP_FOR_GC blocked (which
 285      * it is not). */
 286     lock_ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&all_threads_lock);
 287     gc_assert(lock_ret == 0);
 288     link_thread(th);
 289     lock_ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&all_threads_lock);
 290     gc_assert(lock_ret == 0);
 291
 292     result = funcall0(function);
 293
 294     /* Block GC */
 295     block_blockable_signals(0, 0);
 296     set_thread_state(th, STATE_DEAD);
 297
 298     /* SIG_STOP_FOR_GC is blocked and GC might be waiting for this
 299      * thread, but since we are already dead it won't wait long. */
 300     lock_ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&all_threads_lock);
 301     gc_assert(lock_ret == 0);
 302
 303     gc_alloc_update_page_tables(BOXED_PAGE_FLAG, &th->alloc_region);
 304     unlink_thread(th);
 305     pthread_mutex_unlock(&all_threads_lock);
 306     gc_assert(lock_ret == 0);
 307
 308     if(th->tls_cookie>=0) arch_os_thread_cleanup(th);
 309     pthread_mutex_destroy(th->state_lock);
 310     pthread_cond_destroy(th->state_cond);
 311
 312     os_invalidate((os_vm_address_t)th->interrupt_data,
 313                   (sizeof (struct interrupt_data)));
 314
 315 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_MACH_EXCEPTION_HANDLER
 316     FSHOW((stderr, "Deallocating mach port %x\n", THREAD_STRUCT_TO_EXCEPTION_PORT(th)));
 317     mach_port_move_member(mach_task_self(),
 318                           THREAD_STRUCT_TO_EXCEPTION_PORT(th),
 319                           MACH_PORT_NULL);
 320     mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(),
 321                          THREAD_STRUCT_TO_EXCEPTION_PORT(th));
 322     mach_port_destroy(mach_task_self(),
 323                       THREAD_STRUCT_TO_EXCEPTION_PORT(th));
 324 #endif
 325
 326     schedule_thread_post_mortem(th);
 327     FSHOW((stderr,"/exiting thread %lu\n", thread_self()));
 328     return result;
 329 }
 330
 331 #endif /* LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD */
 332
 333 static void
 334 free_thread_struct(struct thread *th)
 335 {
 336     if (th->interrupt_data)
 337         os_invalidate((os_vm_address_t) th->interrupt_data,
 338                       (sizeof (struct interrupt_data)));
 339     os_invalidate((os_vm_address_t) th->os_address,
 340                   THREAD_STRUCT_SIZE);
 341 }
 342
 343 /* this is called from any other thread to create the new one, and
 344  * initialize all parts of it that can be initialized from another
 345  * thread
 346  */
 347
 348 static struct thread *
 349 create_thread_struct(lispobj initial_function) {
 350     union per_thread_data *per_thread;
 351     struct thread *th=0;        /*  subdue gcc */
 352     void *spaces=0;
 353     void *aligned_spaces=0;
 354 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 355     unsigned int i;
 356 #endif
 357
 358     /* May as well allocate all the spaces at once: it saves us from
 359      * having to decide what to do if only some of the allocations
 360      * succeed. SPACES must be appropriately aligned, since the GC
 361      * expects the control stack to start at a page boundary -- and
 362      * the OS may have even more rigorous requirements. We can't rely
 363      * on the alignment passed from os_validate, since that might
 364      * assume the current (e.g. 4k) pagesize, while we calculate with
 365      * the biggest (e.g. 64k) pagesize allowed by the ABI. */
 366     spaces=os_validate(0, THREAD_STRUCT_SIZE);
 367     if(!spaces)
 368         return NULL;
 369     /* Aligning up is safe as THREAD_STRUCT_SIZE has
 370      * THREAD_ALIGNMENT_BYTES padding. */
 371     aligned_spaces = (void *)((((unsigned long)(char *)spaces)
 372                                + THREAD_ALIGNMENT_BYTES-1)
 373                               &~(unsigned long)(THREAD_ALIGNMENT_BYTES-1));
 374     per_thread=(union per_thread_data *)
 375         (aligned_spaces+
 376          thread_control_stack_size+
 377          BINDING_STACK_SIZE+
 378          ALIEN_STACK_SIZE +
 379          THREAD_STATE_LOCK_SIZE);
 380
 381 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 382     for(i = 0; i < (dynamic_values_bytes / sizeof(lispobj)); i++)
 383         per_thread->dynamic_values[i] = NO_TLS_VALUE_MARKER_WIDETAG;
 384     if (all_threads == 0) {
 385         if(SymbolValue(FREE_TLS_INDEX,0)==UNBOUND_MARKER_WIDETAG) {
 386             SetSymbolValue
 387                 (FREE_TLS_INDEX,
 388                  /* FIXME: should be MAX_INTERRUPTS -1 ? */
 389                  make_fixnum(MAX_INTERRUPTS+
 390                              sizeof(struct thread)/sizeof(lispobj)),
 391                  0);
 392             SetSymbolValue(TLS_INDEX_LOCK,make_fixnum(0),0);
 393         }
 394 #define STATIC_TLS_INIT(sym,field) \
 395   ((struct symbol *)(sym-OTHER_POINTER_LOWTAG))->tls_index= \
 396   make_fixnum(THREAD_SLOT_OFFSET_WORDS(field))
 397
 398         STATIC_TLS_INIT(BINDING_STACK_START,binding_stack_start);
 399 #ifdef BINDING_STACK_POINTER
 400         STATIC_TLS_INIT(BINDING_STACK_POINTER,binding_stack_pointer);
 401 #endif
 402         STATIC_TLS_INIT(CONTROL_STACK_START,control_stack_start);
 403         STATIC_TLS_INIT(CONTROL_STACK_END,control_stack_end);
 404 #ifdef ALIEN_STACK
 405         STATIC_TLS_INIT(ALIEN_STACK,alien_stack_pointer);
 406 #endif
 407 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined (LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
 408         STATIC_TLS_INIT(PSEUDO_ATOMIC_BITS,pseudo_atomic_bits);
 409 #endif
 410 #undef STATIC_TLS_INIT
 411     }
 412 #endif
 413
 414     th=&per_thread->thread;
 415     th->os_address = spaces;
 416     th->control_stack_start = aligned_spaces;
 417     th->binding_stack_start=
 418         (lispobj*)((void*)th->control_stack_start+thread_control_stack_size);
 419     th->control_stack_end = th->binding_stack_start;
 420     th->control_stack_guard_page_protected = T;
 421     th->alien_stack_start=
 422         (lispobj*)((void*)th->binding_stack_start+BINDING_STACK_SIZE);
 423     th->binding_stack_pointer=th->binding_stack_start;
 424     th->this=th;
 425     th->os_thread=0;
 426 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 427     th->os_attr=malloc(sizeof(pthread_attr_t));
 428     th->state_lock=(pthread_mutex_t *)((void *)th->alien_stack_start +
 429                                        ALIEN_STACK_SIZE);
 430     pthread_mutex_init(th->state_lock, NULL);
 431     th->state_cond=(pthread_cond_t *)((void *)th->state_lock +
 432                                       (sizeof(pthread_mutex_t)));
 433     pthread_cond_init(th->state_cond, NULL);
 434 #endif
 435     th->state=STATE_RUNNING;
 436 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD_NOT_UPWARD
 437     th->alien_stack_pointer=((void *)th->alien_stack_start
 438                              + ALIEN_STACK_SIZE-N_WORD_BYTES);
 439 #else
 440     th->alien_stack_pointer=((void *)th->alien_stack_start);
 441 #endif
 442 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined (LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
 443     th->pseudo_atomic_bits=0;
 444 #endif
 445 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_GENCGC
 446     gc_set_region_empty(&th->alloc_region);
 447 #endif
 448
 449 #ifndef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 450     /* the tls-points-into-struct-thread trick is only good for threaded
 451      * sbcl, because unithread sbcl doesn't have tls.  So, we copy the
 452      * appropriate values from struct thread here, and make sure that
 453      * we use the appropriate SymbolValue macros to access any of the
 454      * variable quantities from the C runtime.  It's not quite OAOOM,
 455      * it just feels like it */
 456     SetSymbolValue(BINDING_STACK_START,(lispobj)th->binding_stack_start,th);
 457     SetSymbolValue(CONTROL_STACK_START,(lispobj)th->control_stack_start,th);
 458     SetSymbolValue(CONTROL_STACK_END,(lispobj)th->control_stack_end,th);
 459 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined (LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
 460     SetSymbolValue(BINDING_STACK_POINTER,(lispobj)th->binding_stack_pointer,th);
 461     SetSymbolValue(ALIEN_STACK,(lispobj)th->alien_stack_pointer,th);
 462     SetSymbolValue(PSEUDO_ATOMIC_BITS,(lispobj)th->pseudo_atomic_bits,th);
 463 #else
 464     current_binding_stack_pointer=th->binding_stack_pointer;
 465     current_control_stack_pointer=th->control_stack_start;
 466 #endif
 467 #endif
 468     bind_variable(CURRENT_CATCH_BLOCK,make_fixnum(0),th);
 469     bind_variable(CURRENT_UNWIND_PROTECT_BLOCK,make_fixnum(0),th);
 470     bind_variable(FREE_INTERRUPT_CONTEXT_INDEX,make_fixnum(0),th);
 471     bind_variable(INTERRUPT_PENDING, NIL,th);
 472     bind_variable(INTERRUPTS_ENABLED,T,th);
 473     bind_variable(ALLOW_WITH_INTERRUPTS,T,th);
 474     bind_variable(GC_PENDING,NIL,th);
 475     bind_variable(ALLOC_SIGNAL,NIL,th);
 476 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 477     bind_variable(STOP_FOR_GC_PENDING,NIL,th);
 478 #endif
 479
 480     th->interrupt_data = (struct interrupt_data *)
 481         os_validate(0,(sizeof (struct interrupt_data)));
 482     if (!th->interrupt_data) {
 483         free_thread_struct(th);
 484         return 0;
 485     }
 486     th->interrupt_data->pending_handler = 0;
 487     th->interrupt_data->gc_blocked_deferrables = 0;
 488 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_PPC
 489     th->interrupt_data->allocation_trap_context = 0;
 490 #endif
 491     th->no_tls_value_marker=initial_function;
 492
 493     th->stepping = NIL;
 494     return th;
 495 }
 496
 497 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_MACH_EXCEPTION_HANDLER
 498 mach_port_t setup_mach_exception_handling_thread();
 499 kern_return_t mach_thread_init(mach_port_t thread_exception_port);
 500
 501 #endif
 502
 503 void create_initial_thread(lispobj initial_function) {
 504     struct thread *th=create_thread_struct(initial_function);
 505 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 506     pthread_key_create(&lisp_thread, 0);
 507 #endif
 508     if(th) {
 509 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_MACH_EXCEPTION_HANDLER
 510         setup_mach_exception_handling_thread();
 511 #endif
 512         initial_thread_trampoline(th); /* no return */
 513     } else lose("can't create initial thread\n");
 514 }
 515
 516 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 517
 518 #ifndef __USE_XOPEN2K
 519 extern int pthread_attr_setstack (pthread_attr_t *__attr, void *__stackaddr,
 520                                   size_t __stacksize);
 521 #endif
 522
 523 boolean create_os_thread(struct thread *th,os_thread_t *kid_tid)
 524 {
 525     /* The new thread inherits the restrictive signal mask set here,
 526      * and enables signals again when it is set up properly. */
 527     sigset_t oldset;
 528     boolean r=1;
 529     int retcode = 0, initcode;
 530
 531     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/create_os_thread: creating new thread\n"));
 532
 533     /* Blocking deferrable signals is enough, no need to block
 534      * SIG_STOP_FOR_GC because the child process is not linked onto
 535      * all_threads until it's ready. */
 536     block_deferrable_signals(0, &oldset);
 537
 538 #ifdef LOCK_CREATE_THREAD
 539     retcode = pthread_mutex_lock(&create_thread_lock);
 540     gc_assert(retcode == 0);
 541     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/create_os_thread: got lock\n"));
 542 #endif
 543
 544     if((initcode = pthread_attr_init(th->os_attr)) ||
 545        /* call_into_lisp_first_time switches the stack for the initial
 546         * thread. For the others, we use this. */
 547        (pthread_attr_setstack(th->os_attr,th->control_stack_start,
 548                               thread_control_stack_size)) ||
 549        (retcode = pthread_create
 550         (kid_tid,th->os_attr,(void *(*)(void *))new_thread_trampoline,th))) {
 551         FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr, "init = %d\n", initcode));
 552         FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr, "pthread_create returned %d, errno %d\n",
 553                       retcode, errno));
 554         if(retcode < 0) {
 555             perror("create_os_thread");
 556         }
 557         r=0;
 558     }
 559
 560 #ifdef LOCK_CREATE_THREAD
 561     retcode = pthread_mutex_unlock(&create_thread_lock);
 562     gc_assert(retcode == 0);
 563     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/create_os_thread: released lock\n"));
 564 #endif
 565     thread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK,&oldset,0);
 566     return r;
 567 }
 568
 569 os_thread_t create_thread(lispobj initial_function) {
 570     struct thread *th, *thread = arch_os_get_current_thread();
 571     os_thread_t kid_tid = 0;
 572
 573     /* Must defend against async unwinds. */
 574     if (SymbolValue(INTERRUPTS_ENABLED, thread) != NIL)
 575         lose("create_thread is not safe when interrupts are enabled.\n");
 576
 577     /* Assuming that a fresh thread struct has no lisp objects in it,
 578      * linking it to all_threads can be left to the thread itself
 579      * without fear of gc lossage. initial_function violates this
 580      * assumption and must stay pinned until the child starts up. */
 581     th = create_thread_struct(initial_function);
 582     if (th && !create_os_thread(th,&kid_tid)) {
 583         free_thread_struct(th);
 584         kid_tid = 0;
 585     }
 586     return kid_tid;
 587 }
 588
 589 /* stopping the world is a two-stage process.  From this thread we signal
 590  * all the others with SIG_STOP_FOR_GC.  The handler for this signal does
 591  * the usual pseudo-atomic checks (we don't want to stop a thread while
 592  * it's in the middle of allocation) then waits for another SIG_STOP_FOR_GC.
 593  */
 594
 595 /* To avoid deadlocks when gc stops the world all clients of each
 596  * mutex must enable or disable SIG_STOP_FOR_GC for the duration of
 597  * holding the lock, but they must agree on which. */
 598 void gc_stop_the_world()
 599 {
 600     struct thread *p,*th=arch_os_get_current_thread();
 601     int status, lock_ret;
 602 #ifdef LOCK_CREATE_THREAD
 603     /* KLUDGE: Stopping the thread during pthread_create() causes deadlock
 604      * on FreeBSD. */
 605     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_stop_the_world:waiting on create_thread_lock\n"));
 606     lock_ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&create_thread_lock);
 607     gc_assert(lock_ret == 0);
 608     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_stop_the_world:got create_thread_lock\n"));
 609 #endif
 610     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_stop_the_world:waiting on lock\n"));
 611     /* keep threads from starting while the world is stopped. */
 612     lock_ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&all_threads_lock);      \
 613     gc_assert(lock_ret == 0);
 614
 615     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_stop_the_world:got lock\n"));
 616     /* stop all other threads by sending them SIG_STOP_FOR_GC */
 617     for(p=all_threads; p; p=p->next) {
 618         gc_assert(p->os_thread != 0);
 619         FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_stop_the_world: thread=%lu, state=%x\n",
 620                       p->os_thread, thread_state(p)));
 621         if((p!=th) && ((thread_state(p)==STATE_RUNNING))) {
 622             FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_stop_the_world: suspending thread %lu\n",
 623                           p->os_thread));
 624             /* We already hold all_thread_lock, P can become DEAD but
 625              * cannot exit, ergo it's safe to use pthread_kill. */
 626             status=pthread_kill(p->os_thread,SIG_STOP_FOR_GC);
 627             if (status==ESRCH) {
 628                 /* This thread has exited. */
 629                 gc_assert(thread_state(p)==STATE_DEAD);
 630             } else if (status) {
 631                 lose("cannot send suspend thread=%lu: %d, %s\n",
 632                      p->os_thread,status,strerror(status));
 633             }
 634         }
 635     }
 636     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_stop_the_world:signals sent\n"));
 637     for(p=all_threads;p;p=p->next) {
 638         if (p!=th) {
 639             FSHOW_SIGNAL
 640                 ((stderr,
 641                   "/gc_stop_the_world: waiting for thread=%lu: state=%x\n",
 642                   p->os_thread, thread_state(p)));
 643             wait_for_thread_state_change(p, STATE_RUNNING);
 644             if (p->state == STATE_RUNNING)
 645                 lose("/gc_stop_the_world: unexpected state");
 646         }
 647     }
 648     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_stop_the_world:end\n"));
 649 }
 650
 651 void gc_start_the_world()
 652 {
 653     struct thread *p,*th=arch_os_get_current_thread();
 654     int lock_ret;
 655     /* if a resumed thread creates a new thread before we're done with
 656      * this loop, the new thread will get consed on the front of
 657      * all_threads, but it won't have been stopped so won't need
 658      * restarting */
 659     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_start_the_world:begin\n"));
 660     for(p=all_threads;p;p=p->next) {
 661         gc_assert(p->os_thread!=0);
 662         if (p!=th) {
 663             lispobj state = thread_state(p);
 664             if (state != STATE_DEAD) {
 665                 if(state != STATE_SUSPENDED) {
 666                     lose("gc_start_the_world: wrong thread state is %d\n",
 667                          fixnum_value(state));
 668                 }
 669                 FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr, "/gc_start_the_world: resuming %lu\n",
 670                               p->os_thread));
 671                 set_thread_state(p, STATE_RUNNING);
 672             }
 673         }
 674     }
 675
 676     lock_ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&all_threads_lock);
 677     gc_assert(lock_ret == 0);
 678 #ifdef LOCK_CREATE_THREAD
 679     lock_ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&create_thread_lock);
 680     gc_assert(lock_ret == 0);
 681 #endif
 682
 683     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/gc_start_the_world:end\n"));
 684 }
 685 #endif
 686
 687 int
 688 thread_yield()
 689 {
 690 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 691     return sched_yield();
 692 #else
 693     return 0;
 694 #endif
 695 }
 696
 697 /* If the thread id given does not belong to a running thread (it has
 698  * exited or never even existed) pthread_kill _may_ fail with ESRCH,
 699  * but it is also allowed to just segfault, see
 700  * <http://udrepper.livejournal.com/16844.html>.
 701  *
 702  * Relying on thread ids can easily backfire since ids are recycled
 703  * (NPTL recycles them extremely fast) so a signal can be sent to
 704  * another process if the one it was sent to exited.
 705  *
 706  * We send signals in two places: signal_interrupt_thread sends a
 707  * signal that's harmless if delivered to another thread, but
 708  * SIG_STOP_FOR_GC is fatal.
 709  *
 710  * For these reasons, we must make sure that the thread is still alive
 711  * when the pthread_kill is called and return if the thread is
 712  * exiting. */
 713 int
 714 kill_safely(os_thread_t os_thread, int signal)
 715 {
 716     FSHOW_SIGNAL((stderr,"/kill_safely: %lu, %d\n", os_thread, signal));
 717     {
 718 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
 719         sigset_t oldset;
 720         struct thread *thread;
 721         /* pthread_kill is not async signal safe and we don't want to be
 722          * interrupted while holding the lock. */
 723         block_deferrable_signals(0, &oldset);
 724         pthread_mutex_lock(&all_threads_lock);
 725         for (thread = all_threads; thread; thread = thread->next) {
 726             if (thread->os_thread == os_thread) {
 727                 int status = pthread_kill(os_thread, signal);
 728                 if (status)
 729                     lose("kill_safely: pthread_kill failed with %d\n", status);
 730                 break;
 731             }
 732         }
 733         pthread_mutex_unlock(&all_threads_lock);
 734         thread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK,&oldset,0);
 735         if (thread)
 736             return 0;
 737         else
 738             return -1;
 739 #else
 740         int status;
 741         if (os_thread != 0)
 742             lose("kill_safely: who do you want to kill? %d?\n", os_thread);
 743         /* Dubious (as in don't know why it works) workaround for the
 744          * signal sometimes not being generated on darwin. */
 745 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_DARWIN
 746         {
 747             sigset_t oldset;
 748             sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &deferrable_sigset, &oldset);
 749             status = raise(signal);
 750             sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK,&oldset,0);
 751         }
 752 #else
 753         status = raise(signal);
 754 #endif
 755         if (status == 0) {
 756             return 0;
 757         } else {
 758             lose("cannot raise signal %d, %d %s\n",
 759                  signal, status, strerror(errno));
 760         }
 761 #endif
 762     }
 763 }