Use JOIN instead of reduce/concat

[jscl.git] / ecmalisp.lisp

diff --git a/ecmalisp.lisp b/ecmalisp.lisp
index d6a5ace..286069d 100644 (file)
--- a/ecmalisp.lisp
+++ b/ecmalisp.lisp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 ;;; as well as funcalls and macroexpansion, but no functions. So, we
 ;;; define the Lisp world from scratch. This code has to define enough
 ;;; language to the compiler to be able to run.
 ;;; as well as funcalls and macroexpansion, but no functions. So, we
 ;;; define the Lisp world from scratch. This code has to define enough
 ;;; language to the compiler to be able to run.

+

 #+ecmalisp
 (progn
   (eval-when-compile
 #+ecmalisp
 (progn
   (eval-when-compile

@@ -35,39 +36,47 @@
                                                                  args)
                                                  ,@body))))))
 
                                                                  args)
                                                  ,@body))))))
 

-  (defmacro %defvar (name value)
+  (setq nil 'nil)
+  (setq t 't)
+
+  (defmacro when (condition &body body)
+    `(if ,condition (progn ,@body) nil))
+
+  (defmacro unless (condition &body body)
+    `(if ,condition nil (progn ,@body)))
+
+  (defmacro defvar (name value &optional docstring)

     `(progn
     `(progn

-       (eval-when-compile
-         (%compile-defvar ',name))
-       (setq ,name ,value)))
+       (unless (boundp ',name)
+        (setq ,name ,value))
+       ,@(when (stringp docstring) `((oset ',name "vardoc" ,docstring)))
+       ',name))

 
 

-  (defmacro defvar (name &optional value)
-    `(%defvar ,name ,value))
+  (defmacro defparameter (name value &optional docstring)
+    `(progn
+       (setq ,name ,value)
+       ,@(when (stringp docstring) `((oset ',name "vardoc" ,docstring)))
+       ',name))

 
   (defmacro named-lambda (name args &rest body)
     (let ((x (gensym "FN")))
       `(let ((,x (lambda ,args ,@body)))
 
   (defmacro named-lambda (name args &rest body)
     (let ((x (gensym "FN")))
       `(let ((,x (lambda ,args ,@body)))

-         (set ,x "fname" ,name)
+         (oset ,x "fname" ,name)

          ,x)))
 
          ,x)))
 

-  (defmacro %defun (name args &rest body)
-    `(progn
-       (eval-when-compile
-         (%compile-defun ',name))
-       (fsetq ,name (named-lambda ,(symbol-name name) ,args
-                      (block ,name ,@body)))))
-

   (defmacro defun (name args &rest body)
   (defmacro defun (name args &rest body)

-    `(%defun ,name ,args ,@body))
+    `(progn
+       (fset ',name
+             (named-lambda ,(symbol-name name) ,args
+               ,@(when (stringp (car body)) `(,(car body)))
+               (block ,name
+                 ,@(if (stringp (car body))
+                       (cdr body)
+                       body))))
+       ',name))

 
   (defvar *package* (new))
 
 
   (defvar *package* (new))
 

-  (defvar nil (make-symbol "NIL"))
-  (set *package* "NIL" nil)
-
-  (defvar t (make-symbol "T"))
-  (set *package* "T" t)
-

   (defun null (x)
     (eq x nil))
 
   (defun null (x)
     (eq x nil))
 

@@ -82,17 +91,20 @@
 
   (defun intern (name)
     (if (internp name)
 
   (defun intern (name)
     (if (internp name)

-        (get *package* name)
-        (set *package* name (make-symbol name))))
+        (oget *package* name)
+        (oset *package* name (make-symbol name))))

 
   (defun find-symbol (name)
 
   (defun find-symbol (name)

-    (get *package* name))
+    (oget *package* name))

 
   (defvar *gensym-counter* 0)
   (defun gensym (&optional (prefix "G"))
     (setq *gensym-counter* (+ *gensym-counter* 1))
     (make-symbol (concat-two prefix (integer-to-string *gensym-counter*))))
 
 
   (defvar *gensym-counter* 0)
   (defun gensym (&optional (prefix "G"))
     (setq *gensym-counter* (+ *gensym-counter* 1))
     (make-symbol (concat-two prefix (integer-to-string *gensym-counter*))))
 

+  (defun boundp (x)
+    (boundp x))
+

   ;; Basic functions
   (defun = (x y) (= x y))
   (defun + (x y) (+ x y))
   ;; Basic functions
   (defun = (x y) (= x y))
   (defun + (x y) (+ x y))

@@ -110,7 +122,11 @@
 
   (defun cons (x y ) (cons x y))
   (defun consp (x) (consp x))
 
   (defun cons (x y ) (cons x y))
   (defun consp (x) (consp x))

-  (defun car (x) (car x))
+
+  (defun car (x)
+    "Return the CAR part of a cons, or NIL if X is null."
+    (car x))
+

   (defun cdr (x) (cdr x))
   (defun caar (x) (car (car x)))
   (defun cadr (x) (car (cdr x)))
   (defun cdr (x) (cdr x))
   (defun caar (x) (car (car x)))
   (defun cadr (x) (car (cdr x)))

@@ -139,12 +155,6 @@
   (defmacro push (x place)
     `(setq ,place (cons ,x ,place)))
 
   (defmacro push (x place)
     `(setq ,place (cons ,x ,place)))
 

-  (defmacro when (condition &body body)
-    `(if ,condition (progn ,@body) nil))
-
-  (defmacro unless (condition &body body)
-    `(if ,condition nil (progn ,@body)))
-

   (defmacro dolist (iter &body body)
     (let ((var (first iter))
           (g!list (gensym)))
   (defmacro dolist (iter &body body)
     (let ((var (first iter))
           (g!list (gensym)))

@@ -153,7 +163,7 @@
                (,var nil))
            (%while ,g!list
                    (setq ,var (car ,g!list))
                (,var nil))
            (%while ,g!list
                    (setq ,var (car ,g!list))

-                   ,@body
+                   (tagbody ,@body)

                    (setq ,g!list (cdr ,g!list)))
            ,(third iter)))))
 
                    (setq ,g!list (cdr ,g!list)))
            ,(third iter)))))
 

@@ -166,7 +176,7 @@
          (let ((,var 0)
                (,g!to ,to))
            (%while (< ,var ,g!to)
          (let ((,var 0)
                (,g!to ,to))
            (%while (< ,var ,g!to)

-                   ,@body
+                   (tagbody ,@body)

                    (incf ,var))
            ,result))))
 
                    (incf ,var))
            ,result))))
 

@@ -223,7 +233,12 @@
     (let ((value (gensym)))
       `(let ((,value ,form))
          ,@body
     (let ((value (gensym)))
       `(let ((,value ,form))
          ,@body

-         ,value))))
+         ,value)))
+
+  (defmacro prog2 (form1 result &body body)
+    `(prog1 (progn ,form1 ,result) ,@body)))
+
+

 
 ;;; This couple of helper functions will be defined in both Common
 ;;; Lisp and in Ecmalisp.
 
 ;;; This couple of helper functions will be defined in both Common
 ;;; Lisp and in Ecmalisp.

@@ -244,16 +259,6 @@
 ;;; constructions.
 #+ecmalisp
 (progn
 ;;; constructions.
 #+ecmalisp
 (progn

-  (defmacro defun (name args &body body)
-    `(progn
-       (%defun ,name ,args ,@body)
-       ',name))
-
-  (defmacro defvar (name &optional value)
-    `(progn
-       (%defvar ,name ,value)
-       ',name))
-

   (defun append-two (list1 list2)
     (if (null list1)
         list2
   (defun append-two (list1 list2)
     (if (null list1)
         list2

@@ -263,13 +268,14 @@
   (defun append (&rest lists)
     (!reduce #'append-two lists '()))
 
   (defun append (&rest lists)
     (!reduce #'append-two lists '()))
 

-  (defun reverse-aux (list acc)
-    (if (null list)
-        acc
-        (reverse-aux (cdr list) (cons (car list) acc))))
+  (defun revappend (list1 list2)
+    (while list1
+      (push (car list1) list2)
+      (setq list1 (cdr list1)))
+    list2)

 
   (defun reverse (list)
 
   (defun reverse (list)

-    (reverse-aux list '()))
+    (revappend list '()))

 
   (defun list-length (list)
     (let ((l 0))
 
   (defun list-length (list)
     (let ((l 0))

@@ -310,29 +316,29 @@
   (defun listp (x)
     (or (consp x) (null x)))
 
   (defun listp (x)
     (or (consp x) (null x)))
 

+  (defun nthcdr (n list)
+    (while (and (plusp n) list)
+      (setq n (1- n))
+      (setq list (cdr list)))
+    list)
+

   (defun nth (n list)
   (defun nth (n list)

-    (cond
-      ((null list) list)
-      ((zerop n) (car list))
-      (t (nth (1- n) (cdr list)))))
+    (car (nthcdr n list)))

 
   (defun last (x)
 
   (defun last (x)

-    (if (consp (cdr x))
-        (last (cdr x))
-        x))
+    (while (consp (cdr x))
+      (setq x (cdr x)))
+    x)

 
   (defun butlast (x)
     (and (consp (cdr x))
          (cons (car x) (butlast (cdr x)))))
 
   (defun member (x list)
 
   (defun butlast (x)
     (and (consp (cdr x))
          (cons (car x) (butlast (cdr x)))))
 
   (defun member (x list)

-    (cond
-      ((null list)
-       nil)
-      ((eql x (car list))
-       list)
-      (t
-       (member x (cdr list)))))
+    (while list
+      (when (eql x (car list))
+        (return list))
+      (setq list (cdr list))))

 
   (defun remove (x list)
     (cond
 
   (defun remove (x list)
     (cond

@@ -426,8 +432,32 @@
     (car alist))
 
   (defun string= (s1 s2)
     (car alist))
 
   (defun string= (s1 s2)

-    (equal s1 s2)))
+    (equal s1 s2))

 
 

+  (defun fdefinition (x)
+    (cond
+      ((functionp x)
+       x)
+      ((symbolp x)
+       (symbol-function x))
+      (t
+       (error "Invalid function"))))
+
+  (defun disassemble (function)
+    (write-line (lambda-code (fdefinition function)))
+    nil)
+
+  (defun documentation (x type)
+    "Return the documentation of X. TYPE must be the symbol VARIABLE or FUNCTION."
+    (ecase type
+      (function
+       (let ((func (fdefinition x)))
+         (oget func "docstring")))
+      (variable
+       (unless (symbolp x)
+         (error "Wrong argument type! it should be a symbol"))
+       (oget x "vardoc"))))
+  )

 
 ;;; The compiler offers some primitives and special forms which are
 ;;; not found in Common Lisp, for instance, while. So, we grow Common
 
 ;;; The compiler offers some primitives and special forms which are
 ;;; not found in Common Lisp, for instance, while. So, we grow Common

@@ -481,25 +511,42 @@
       ""
       (concat (car list) separator (join-trailing (cdr list) separator))))
 
       ""
       (concat (car list) separator (join-trailing (cdr list) separator))))
 

-;;; Like CONCAT, but prefix each line with four spaces.
+(defun mapconcat (func list)
+  (join (mapcar func list)))
+
+;;; Like CONCAT, but prefix each line with four spaces. Two versions
+;;; of this function are available, because the Ecmalisp version is
+;;; very slow and bootstraping was annoying.
+
+#+ecmalisp

 (defun indent (&rest string)
   (let ((input (join string)))
     (let ((output "")
           (index 0)
           (size (length input)))
 (defun indent (&rest string)
   (let ((input (join string)))
     (let ((output "")
           (index 0)
           (size (length input)))

-      (when (plusp size)
-        (setq output "    "))
+      (when (plusp (length input)) (concatf output "    "))

       (while (< index size)
       (while (< index size)

-        (setq output
-              (concat output
-                      (if (and (char= (char input index) #\newline)
-                               (< index (1- size))
-                               (not (char= (char input (1+ index)) #\newline)))
-                          (concat (string #\newline) "    ")
-                          (subseq input index (1+ index)))))
+        (let ((str
+               (if (and (char= (char input index) #\newline)
+                        (< index (1- size))
+                        (not (char= (char input (1+ index)) #\newline)))
+                   (concat (string #\newline) "    ")
+                   (string (char input index)))))
+          (concatf output str))

         (incf index))
       output)))
 
         (incf index))
       output)))
 

+#+common-lisp
+(defun indent (&rest string)
+  (with-output-to-string (*standard-output*)
+    (with-input-from-string (input (join string))
+      (loop
+         for line = (read-line input nil)
+         while line
+         do (write-string "    ")
+         do (write-line line)))))
+
+

 (defun integer-to-string (x)
   (cond
     ((zerop x)
 (defun integer-to-string (x)
   (cond
     ((zerop x)

@@ -515,8 +562,18 @@
                      digits))))))
 
 
                      digits))))))
 
 

-(defun js!selfcall (&rest args)
-  (concat "(function(){" *newline* (apply #'indent args) "})()"))
+;;; Wrap X with a Javascript code to convert the result from
+;;; Javascript generalized booleans to T or NIL.
+(defun js!bool (x)
+  (concat "(" x "?" (ls-compile t) ": " (ls-compile nil) ")"))
+
+;;; Concatenate the arguments and wrap them with a self-calling
+;;; Javascript anonymous function. It is used to make some Javascript
+;;; statements valid expressions and provide a private scope as well.
+;;; It could be defined as function, but we could do some
+;;; preprocessing in the future.
+(defmacro js!selfcall (&body body)
+  `(concat "(function(){" *newline* (indent ,@body) "})()"))

 
 
 ;;; Printer
 
 
 ;;; Printer

@@ -529,7 +586,7 @@
       ((integerp form) (integer-to-string form))
       ((stringp form) (concat "\"" (escape-string form) "\""))
       ((functionp form)
       ((integerp form) (integer-to-string form))
       ((stringp form) (concat "\"" (escape-string form) "\""))
       ((functionp form)

-       (let ((name (get form "fname")))
+       (let ((name (oget form "fname")))

          (if name
              (concat "#<FUNCTION " name ">")
              (concat "#<FUNCTION>"))))
          (if name
              (concat "#<FUNCTION " name ">")
              (concat "#<FUNCTION>"))))

@@ -547,6 +604,10 @@
     (write-string *newline*)
     x)
 
     (write-string *newline*)
     x)
 

+  (defun warn (string)
+    (write-string "WARNING: ")
+    (write-line string))
+

   (defun print (x)
     (write-line (prin1-to-string x))
     x))
   (defun print (x)
     (write-line (prin1-to-string x))
     x))

@@ -707,7 +768,10 @@
 
 (defun binding-name (b) (first b))
 (defun binding-type (b) (second b))
 
 (defun binding-name (b) (first b))
 (defun binding-type (b) (second b))

-(defun binding-translation (b) (third b))
+(defun binding-value (b) (third b))
+(defun set-binding-value (b value)
+  (setcar (cdr (cdr b)) value))
+

 (defun binding-declared (b)
   (and b (fourth b)))
 (defun mark-binding-as-declared (b)
 (defun binding-declared (b)
   (and b (fourth b)))
 (defun mark-binding-as-declared (b)

@@ -721,14 +785,10 @@
 
 (defun push-to-lexenv (binding lexenv namespace)
   (ecase namespace
 
 (defun push-to-lexenv (binding lexenv namespace)
   (ecase namespace

-    (variable
-     (setcar lexenv (cons binding (car lexenv))))
-    (function
-     (setcar (cdr lexenv) (cons binding (cadr lexenv))))
-    (block
-     (setcar (cddr lexenv) (cons binding (caddr lexenv))))
-    (gotag
-     (setcar (cdddr lexenv) (cons binding (cadddr lexenv))))))
+    (variable   (setcar        lexenv  (cons binding (car lexenv))))
+    (function   (setcar   (cdr lexenv) (cons binding (cadr lexenv))))
+    (block      (setcar  (cddr lexenv) (cons binding (caddr lexenv))))
+    (gotag      (setcar (cdddr lexenv) (cons binding (cadddr lexenv))))))

 
 (defun extend-lexenv (bindings lexenv namespace)
   (let ((env (copy-lexenv lexenv)))
 
 (defun extend-lexenv (bindings lexenv namespace)
   (let ((env (copy-lexenv lexenv)))

@@ -742,102 +802,68 @@
                 (block (third lexenv))
                 (gotag (fourth lexenv)))))
 
                 (block (third lexenv))
                 (gotag (fourth lexenv)))))
 

+(defvar *global-environment* (make-lexenv))

 (defvar *environment* (make-lexenv))
 
 (defun clear-undeclared-global-bindings ()
 (defvar *environment* (make-lexenv))
 
 (defun clear-undeclared-global-bindings ()

-  (let ((variables (first *environment*))
-        (functions (second *environment*)))
-    (setq *environment* (list variables functions (third *environment*)))))
+  (setq *environment*
+       (mapcar (lambda (namespace)
+                 (remove-if-not #'binding-declared namespace))
+               *environment*)))

 
 
 (defvar *variable-counter* 0)
 (defun gvarname (symbol)
   (concat "v" (integer-to-string (incf *variable-counter*))))
 
 
 
 (defvar *variable-counter* 0)
 (defun gvarname (symbol)
   (concat "v" (integer-to-string (incf *variable-counter*))))
 

-(defun lookup-variable (symbol env)
-  (or (lookup-in-lexenv symbol env 'variable)
-      (lookup-in-lexenv symbol *environment* 'variable)
-      (let ((name (symbol-name symbol))
-            (binding (make-binding symbol 'variable (gvarname symbol) nil)))
-        (push-to-lexenv binding *environment* 'variable)
-        (push (lambda ()
-                (unless (lookup-in-lexenv symbol *environment* 'variable)
-                  (error (concat "Undefined variable `" name "'"))))
-              *compilation-unit-checks*)
-        binding)))
-
-(defun lookup-variable-translation (symbol env)
-  (binding-translation (lookup-variable symbol env)))
-
-(defun extend-local-env (args env)
-  (let ((new (copy-lexenv env)))
+(defun translate-variable (symbol)
+  (binding-value (lookup-in-lexenv symbol *environment* 'variable)))
+
+(defun extend-local-env (args)
+  (let ((new (copy-lexenv *environment*)))

     (dolist (symbol args new)
     (dolist (symbol args new)

-      (let ((b (make-binding symbol 'variable (gvarname symbol) t)))
+      (let ((b (make-binding symbol 'lexical-variable (gvarname symbol) t)))

         (push-to-lexenv b new 'variable)))))
 
         (push-to-lexenv b new 'variable)))))
 

-(defvar *function-counter* 0)
-(defun lookup-function (symbol env)
-  (or (lookup-in-lexenv symbol env 'function)
-      (lookup-in-lexenv symbol *environment* 'function)
-      (let ((name (symbol-name symbol))
-            (binding
-             (make-binding symbol
-                           'function
-                           (concat "f" (integer-to-string (incf *function-counter*)))
-                           nil)))
-        (push-to-lexenv binding *environment* 'function)
-        (push (lambda ()
-                (unless (binding-declared (lookup-in-lexenv symbol *environment* 'function))
-                  (error (concat "Undefined function `" name "'"))))
-              *compilation-unit-checks*)
-        binding)))
-
-(defun lookup-function-translation (symbol env)
-  (binding-translation (lookup-function symbol env)))
-
+;;; Toplevel compilations

 (defvar *toplevel-compilations* nil)
 
 (defvar *toplevel-compilations* nil)
 

-(defun %compile-defvar (name)
-  (let ((b (lookup-variable name *environment*)))
-    (mark-binding-as-declared b)
-    (push (concat "var " (binding-translation b)) *toplevel-compilations*)))
+(defun toplevel-compilation (string)
+  (push string *toplevel-compilations*))

 
 

-(defun %compile-defun (name)
-  (let ((b (lookup-function name *environment*)))
-    (mark-binding-as-declared b)
-    (push (concat "var " (binding-translation b)) *toplevel-compilations*)))
+(defun null-or-empty-p (x)
+  (zerop (length x)))
+
+(defun get-toplevel-compilations ()
+  (reverse (remove-if #'null-or-empty-p *toplevel-compilations*)))

 
 (defun %compile-defmacro (name lambda)
 
 (defun %compile-defmacro (name lambda)

+  (toplevel-compilation (ls-compile `',name))

   (push-to-lexenv (make-binding name 'macro lambda t) *environment* 'function))
 
 (defvar *compilations* nil)
 
   (push-to-lexenv (make-binding name 'macro lambda t) *environment* 'function))
 
 (defvar *compilations* nil)
 

-(defun ls-compile-block (sexps env)
-  (join-trailing
-   (remove-if (lambda (x)
-                (or (null x)
-                    (and (stringp x)
-                         (zerop (length x)))))
-              (mapcar (lambda (x) (ls-compile x env))  sexps))
-   (concat ";" *newline*)))
+(defun ls-compile-block (sexps &optional return-last-p)
+  (if return-last-p
+      (concat (ls-compile-block (butlast sexps))
+              "return " (ls-compile (car (last sexps))) ";")
+      (join-trailing
+       (remove-if #'null-or-empty-p (mapcar #'ls-compile sexps))
+       (concat ";" *newline*))))

 
 (defmacro define-compilation (name args &body body)
   ;; Creates a new primitive `name' with parameters args and
   ;; @body. The body can access to the local environment through the
 
 (defmacro define-compilation (name args &body body)
   ;; Creates a new primitive `name' with parameters args and
   ;; @body. The body can access to the local environment through the

-  ;; variable ENV.
-  `(push (list ',name (lambda (env ,@args) (block ,name ,@body)))
+  ;; variable *ENVIRONMENT*.
+  `(push (list ',name (lambda ,args (block ,name ,@body)))

          *compilations*))
 
 (define-compilation if (condition true false)
          *compilations*))
 
 (define-compilation if (condition true false)

-  (concat "("
-          (ls-compile condition env) " !== " (ls-compile nil)
-          " ? "
-          (ls-compile true env)
-          " : "
-          (ls-compile false env)
+  (concat "(" (ls-compile condition) " !== " (ls-compile nil)
+          " ? " (ls-compile true)
+          " : " (ls-compile false)

           ")"))
 
           ")"))
 

-

 (defvar *lambda-list-keywords* '(&optional &rest))
 
 (defun list-until-keyword (list)
 (defvar *lambda-list-keywords* '(&optional &rest))
 
 (defun list-until-keyword (list)

@@ -860,81 +886,99 @@
       (error "Bad lambda-list"))
     (car rest)))
 
       (error "Bad lambda-list"))
     (car rest)))
 

+
+(defun lambda-docstring-wrapper (docstring &rest strs)
+  (if docstring
+      (js!selfcall
+        "var func = " (join strs) ";" *newline*
+        "func.docstring = '" docstring "';" *newline*
+        "return func;" *newline*)
+      (join strs)))
+

 (define-compilation lambda (lambda-list &rest body)
   (let ((required-arguments (lambda-list-required-arguments lambda-list))
         (optional-arguments (lambda-list-optional-arguments lambda-list))
 (define-compilation lambda (lambda-list &rest body)
   (let ((required-arguments (lambda-list-required-arguments lambda-list))
         (optional-arguments (lambda-list-optional-arguments lambda-list))

-        (rest-argument (lambda-list-rest-argument lambda-list)))
+        (rest-argument (lambda-list-rest-argument lambda-list))
+        documentation)
+    ;; Get the documentation string for the lambda function
+    (when (and (stringp (car body))
+               (not (null (cdr body))))
+      (setq documentation (car body))
+      (setq body (cdr body)))

     (let ((n-required-arguments (length required-arguments))
           (n-optional-arguments (length optional-arguments))
     (let ((n-required-arguments (length required-arguments))
           (n-optional-arguments (length optional-arguments))

-          (new-env (extend-local-env
-                    (append (ensure-list rest-argument)
-                            required-arguments
-                            optional-arguments)
-                    env)))
-      (concat "(function ("
-              (join (mapcar (lambda (x)
-                              (lookup-variable-translation x new-env))
-                            (append required-arguments optional-arguments))
-                    ",")
-              "){" *newline*
-              ;; Check number of arguments
-              (indent
-               (if required-arguments
-                   (concat "if (arguments.length < " (integer-to-string n-required-arguments)
-                           ") throw 'too few arguments';" *newline*)
-                   "")
-               (if (not rest-argument)
-                   (concat "if (arguments.length > "
-                           (integer-to-string (+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))
-                           ") throw 'too many arguments';" *newline*)
-                   "")
-               ;; Optional arguments
-               (if optional-arguments
-                   (concat "switch(arguments.length){" *newline*
-                           (let ((optional-and-defaults
-                                  (lambda-list-optional-arguments-with-default lambda-list))
-                                 (cases nil)
-                                 (idx 0))
-                             (progn
-                               (while (< idx n-optional-arguments)
-                                 (let ((arg (nth idx optional-and-defaults)))
-                                   (push (concat "case "
-                                                 (integer-to-string (+ idx n-required-arguments)) ":" *newline*
-                                                 (lookup-variable-translation (car arg) new-env)
-                                                 "="
-                                                 (ls-compile (cadr arg) new-env)
-                                                 ";" *newline*)
-                                         cases)
-                                   (incf idx)))
-                                    (push (concat "default: break;" *newline*) cases)
-                                    (join (reverse cases))))
-                           "}" *newline*)
-                   "")
-               ;; &rest/&body argument
-               (if rest-argument
-                   (let ((js!rest (lookup-variable-translation rest-argument new-env)))
-                     (concat "var " js!rest "= " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*
-                             "for (var i = arguments.length-1; i>="
-                             (integer-to-string (+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))
-                             "; i--)" *newline*
-                             (indent js!rest " = "
-                                     "{car: arguments[i], cdr: ") js!rest "};"
-                                     *newline*))
-                   "")
-               ;; Body
-               (concat (ls-compile-block (butlast body) new-env)
-                       "return " (ls-compile (car (last body)) new-env) ";")) *newline*
-              "})"))))
-
-(define-compilation fsetq (var val)
-  (concat (lookup-function-translation var env)
-          " = "
-          (ls-compile val env)))
+          (*environment* (extend-local-env
+                          (append (ensure-list rest-argument)
+                                  required-arguments
+                                  optional-arguments))))
+      (lambda-docstring-wrapper
+       documentation
+       "(function ("
+       (join (mapcar #'translate-variable
+                     (append required-arguments optional-arguments))
+             ",")
+       "){" *newline*
+       ;; Check number of arguments
+       (indent
+        (if required-arguments
+            (concat "if (arguments.length < " (integer-to-string n-required-arguments)
+                    ") throw 'too few arguments';" *newline*)
+            "")
+        (if (not rest-argument)
+            (concat "if (arguments.length > "
+                    (integer-to-string (+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))
+                    ") throw 'too many arguments';" *newline*)
+            "")
+        ;; Optional arguments
+        (if optional-arguments
+            (concat "switch(arguments.length){" *newline*
+                    (let ((optional-and-defaults
+                           (lambda-list-optional-arguments-with-default lambda-list))
+                          (cases nil)
+                          (idx 0))
+                      (progn
+                        (while (< idx n-optional-arguments)
+                          (let ((arg (nth idx optional-and-defaults)))
+                            (push (concat "case "
+                                          (integer-to-string (+ idx n-required-arguments)) ":" *newline*
+                                          (translate-variable (car arg))
+                                          "="
+                                          (ls-compile (cadr arg))
+                                          ";" *newline*)
+                                  cases)
+                            (incf idx)))
+                        (push (concat "default: break;" *newline*) cases)
+                        (join (reverse cases))))
+                    "}" *newline*)
+            "")
+        ;; &rest/&body argument
+        (if rest-argument
+            (let ((js!rest (translate-variable rest-argument)))
+              (concat "var " js!rest "= " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*
+                      "for (var i = arguments.length-1; i>="
+                      (integer-to-string (+ n-required-arguments n-optional-arguments))
+                      "; i--)" *newline*
+                      (indent js!rest " = "
+                              "{car: arguments[i], cdr: ") js!rest "};"
+                      *newline*))
+            "")
+        ;; Body
+        (ls-compile-block body t)) *newline*
+       "})"))))

 
 (define-compilation setq (var val)
 
 (define-compilation setq (var val)

-  (concat (lookup-variable-translation var env)
-          " = "
-           (ls-compile val env)))
+  (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv var *environment* 'variable)))
+    (if (eq (binding-type b) 'lexical-variable)
+        (concat (binding-value b) " = " (ls-compile val))
+        (ls-compile `(set ',var ,val)))))
+
+;;; FFI Variable accessors
+(define-compilation js-vref (var)
+  var)
+
+(define-compilation js-vset (var val)
+  (concat "(" var " = " (ls-compile val) ")"))
+

 
 ;;; Literals
 (defun escape-string (string)
 
 ;;; Literals
 (defun escape-string (string)

@@ -952,72 +996,109 @@
       (incf index))
     output))
 
       (incf index))
     output))
 

-(defun literal->js (sexp)
+
+(defvar *literal-symbols* nil)
+(defvar *literal-counter* 0)
+
+(defun genlit ()
+  (concat "l" (integer-to-string (incf *literal-counter*))))
+
+(defun literal (sexp &optional recursive)

   (cond
     ((integerp sexp) (integer-to-string sexp))
     ((stringp sexp) (concat "\"" (escape-string sexp) "\""))
   (cond
     ((integerp sexp) (integer-to-string sexp))
     ((stringp sexp) (concat "\"" (escape-string sexp) "\""))

-    ((symbolp sexp) (ls-compile `(intern ,(escape-string (symbol-name sexp))) *environment*))
-    ((consp sexp) (concat "{car: "
-                          (literal->js (car sexp))
-                          ", cdr: "
-                          (literal->js (cdr sexp)) "}"))))
-
-(defvar *literal-counter* 0)
-(defun literal (form)
-  (let ((var (concat "l" (integer-to-string (incf *literal-counter*)))))
-    (push (concat "var " var " = " (literal->js form)) *toplevel-compilations*)
-    var))
+    ((symbolp sexp)
+     (or (cdr (assoc sexp *literal-symbols*))
+        (let ((v (genlit))
+              (s #+common-lisp (concat "{name: \"" (escape-string (symbol-name sexp)) "\"}")
+                 #+ecmalisp (ls-compile `(intern ,(symbol-name sexp)))))
+          (push (cons sexp v) *literal-symbols*)
+          (toplevel-compilation (concat "var " v " = " s))
+          v)))
+    ((consp sexp)
+     (let ((c (concat "{car: " (literal (car sexp) t) ", "
+                     "cdr: " (literal (cdr sexp) t) "}")))
+       (if recursive
+          c
+          (let ((v (genlit)))
+            (toplevel-compilation (concat "var " v " = " c))
+            v))))))

 
 (define-compilation quote (sexp)
   (literal sexp))
 
 (define-compilation %while (pred &rest body)
 
 (define-compilation quote (sexp)
   (literal sexp))
 
 (define-compilation %while (pred &rest body)

-  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-          (indent "while(" (ls-compile pred env) " !== " (ls-compile nil) "){" *newline*
-                  (indent (ls-compile-block body env))
-                  "}"
-                  "return " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*)
-          "})()"))
+  (js!selfcall
+    "while(" (ls-compile pred) " !== " (ls-compile nil) "){" *newline*
+    (indent (ls-compile-block body))
+    "}"
+    "return " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*))

 
 (define-compilation function (x)
   (cond
     ((and (listp x) (eq (car x) 'lambda))
 
 (define-compilation function (x)
   (cond
     ((and (listp x) (eq (car x) 'lambda))

-     (ls-compile x env))
+     (ls-compile x))

     ((symbolp x)
     ((symbolp x)

-     (lookup-function-translation x env))))
+     (ls-compile `(symbol-function ',x)))))

 
 (define-compilation eval-when-compile (&rest body)
   (eval (cons 'progn body))
 
 (define-compilation eval-when-compile (&rest body)
   (eval (cons 'progn body))

-  "")
+  nil)

 
 (defmacro define-transformation (name args form)
   `(define-compilation ,name ,args
 
 (defmacro define-transformation (name args form)
   `(define-compilation ,name ,args

-     (ls-compile ,form env)))
+     (ls-compile ,form)))

 
 (define-compilation progn (&rest body)
 
 (define-compilation progn (&rest body)

-  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-          (indent (ls-compile-block (butlast body) env)
-                  "return " (ls-compile (car (last body)) env) ";" *newline*)
-          "})()"))
+  (js!selfcall (ls-compile-block body t)))
+
+(defun dynamic-binding-wrapper (bindings body)
+  (if (null bindings)
+      body
+      (concat
+       "try {" *newline*
+       (indent
+        "var tmp;" *newline*
+        (join
+         (mapcar (lambda (b)
+                   (let ((s (ls-compile `(quote ,(car b)))))
+                     (concat "tmp = " s ".value;" *newline*
+                             s ".value = " (cdr b) ";" *newline*
+                             (cdr b) " = tmp;" *newline*)))
+                 bindings))
+        body)
+       "}" *newline*
+       "finally {"  *newline*
+       (indent
+        (join-trailing
+         (mapcar (lambda (b)
+                   (let ((s (ls-compile `(quote ,(car b)))))
+                     (concat s ".value" " = " (cdr b))))
+                 bindings)
+         (concat ";" *newline*)))
+       "}" *newline*)))
+

 
 (define-compilation let (bindings &rest body)
   (let ((bindings (mapcar #'ensure-list bindings)))
     (let ((variables (mapcar #'first bindings))
           (values    (mapcar #'second bindings)))
 
 (define-compilation let (bindings &rest body)
   (let ((bindings (mapcar #'ensure-list bindings)))
     (let ((variables (mapcar #'first bindings))
           (values    (mapcar #'second bindings)))

-      (let ((new-env (extend-local-env variables env)))
+      (let ((cvalues (mapcar #'ls-compile values))
+            (*environment* (extend-local-env (remove-if #'boundp variables)))
+            (dynamic-bindings))

         (concat "(function("
                 (join (mapcar (lambda (x)
         (concat "(function("
                 (join (mapcar (lambda (x)

-                                (lookup-variable-translation x new-env))
+                                (if (boundp x)
+                                    (let ((v (gvarname x)))
+                                      (push (cons x v) dynamic-bindings)
+                                      v)
+                                    (translate-variable x)))

                               variables)
                       ",")
                 "){" *newline*
                               variables)
                       ",")
                 "){" *newline*

-                (indent (ls-compile-block (butlast body) new-env)
-                        "return " (ls-compile (car (last body)) new-env)
-                        ";" *newline*)
-                "})(" (join (mapcar (lambda (x) (ls-compile x env))
-                                    values)
-                            ",")
-                ")")))))
+                (let ((body (ls-compile-block body t)))
+                  (indent (dynamic-binding-wrapper dynamic-bindings body)))
+                "})(" (join cvalues ",") ")")))))

 
 
 (defvar *block-counter* 0)
 
 
 (defvar *block-counter* 0)

@@ -1025,54 +1106,53 @@
 (define-compilation block (name &rest body)
   (let ((tr (integer-to-string (incf *block-counter*))))
     (let ((b (make-binding name 'block tr t)))
 (define-compilation block (name &rest body)
   (let ((tr (integer-to-string (incf *block-counter*))))
     (let ((b (make-binding name 'block tr t)))

-      (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-              (indent "try {" *newline*
-                      (indent "return " (ls-compile `(progn ,@body)
-                                                    (extend-lexenv (list b) env 'block))
-                              ";" *newline*)
-                      "}" *newline*
-                      "catch (cf){" *newline*
-                      "    if (cf.type == 'block' && cf.id == " tr ")" *newline*
-                      "        return cf.value;" *newline*
-                      "    else" *newline*
-                      "        throw cf;" *newline*
-                      "}" *newline*)
-              "})()"))))
+      (js!selfcall
+        "try {" *newline*
+        (let ((*environment* (extend-lexenv (list b) *environment* 'block)))
+          (indent "return " (ls-compile `(progn ,@body)) ";" *newline*))
+        "}" *newline*
+        "catch (cf){" *newline*
+        "    if (cf.type == 'block' && cf.id == " tr ")" *newline*
+        "        return cf.value;" *newline*
+        "    else" *newline*
+        "        throw cf;" *newline*
+        "}" *newline*))))

 
 (define-compilation return-from (name &optional value)
 
 (define-compilation return-from (name &optional value)

-  (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv name env 'block)))
+  (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv name *environment* 'block)))

     (if b
     (if b

-        (concat "(function(){ throw ({"
-                "type: 'block', "
-                "id: " (binding-translation b) ", "
-                "value: " (ls-compile value env) ", "
-                "message: 'Return from unknown block " (symbol-name name) ".'"
-                "})})()")
+        (js!selfcall
+          "throw ({"
+          "type: 'block', "
+          "id: " (binding-value b) ", "
+          "value: " (ls-compile value) ", "
+          "message: 'Return from unknown block " (symbol-name name) ".'"
+          "})")

         (error (concat "Unknown block `" (symbol-name name) "'.")))))
 
 
 (define-compilation catch (id &rest body)
         (error (concat "Unknown block `" (symbol-name name) "'.")))))
 
 
 (define-compilation catch (id &rest body)

-  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-          (indent "var id = " (ls-compile id env) ";" *newline*
-                  "try {" *newline*
-                  (indent "return " (ls-compile `(progn ,@body))
-                          ";" *newline*)
-                  "}" *newline*
-                  "catch (cf){" *newline*
-                  "    if (cf.type == 'catch' && cf.id == id)" *newline*
-                  "        return cf.value;" *newline*
-                  "    else" *newline*
-                  "        throw cf;" *newline*
-                  "}" *newline*)
-          "})()"))
+  (js!selfcall
+    "var id = " (ls-compile id) ";" *newline*
+    "try {" *newline*
+    (indent "return " (ls-compile `(progn ,@body))
+            ";" *newline*)
+    "}" *newline*
+    "catch (cf){" *newline*
+    "    if (cf.type == 'catch' && cf.id == id)" *newline*
+    "        return cf.value;" *newline*
+    "    else" *newline*
+    "        throw cf;" *newline*
+    "}" *newline*))

 
 (define-compilation throw (id &optional value)
 
 (define-compilation throw (id &optional value)

-  (concat "(function(){ throw ({"
-          "type: 'catch', "
-          "id: " (ls-compile id env) ", "
-          "value: " (ls-compile value env) ", "
-          "message: 'Throw uncatched.'"
-          "})})()"))
+  (js!selfcall
+    "throw ({"
+    "type: 'catch', "
+    "id: " (ls-compile id) ", "
+    "value: " (ls-compile value) ", "
+    "message: 'Throw uncatched.'"
+    "})"))

 
 
 (defvar *tagbody-counter* 0)
 
 
 (defvar *tagbody-counter* 0)

@@ -1081,29 +1161,29 @@
 (defun go-tag-p (x)
   (or (integerp x) (symbolp x)))
 
 (defun go-tag-p (x)
   (or (integerp x) (symbolp x)))
 

-(defun declare-tagbody-tags (env tbidx body)
+(defun declare-tagbody-tags (tbidx body)

   (let ((bindings
          (mapcar (lambda (label)
                    (let ((tagidx (integer-to-string (incf *go-tag-counter*))))
                      (make-binding label 'gotag (list tbidx tagidx) t)))
                  (remove-if-not #'go-tag-p body))))
   (let ((bindings
          (mapcar (lambda (label)
                    (let ((tagidx (integer-to-string (incf *go-tag-counter*))))
                      (make-binding label 'gotag (list tbidx tagidx) t)))
                  (remove-if-not #'go-tag-p body))))

-    (extend-lexenv bindings env 'gotag)))
+    (extend-lexenv bindings *environment* 'gotag)))

 
 (define-compilation tagbody (&rest body)
   ;; Ignore the tagbody if it does not contain any go-tag. We do this
   ;; because 1) it is easy and 2) many built-in forms expand to a
   ;; implicit tagbody, so we save some space.
   (unless (some #'go-tag-p body)
 
 (define-compilation tagbody (&rest body)
   ;; Ignore the tagbody if it does not contain any go-tag. We do this
   ;; because 1) it is easy and 2) many built-in forms expand to a
   ;; implicit tagbody, so we save some space.
   (unless (some #'go-tag-p body)

-    (return-from tagbody (ls-compile `(progn ,@body nil) env)))
+    (return-from tagbody (ls-compile `(progn ,@body nil))))

   ;; The translation assumes the first form in BODY is a label
   (unless (go-tag-p (car body))
     (push (gensym "START") body))
   ;; Tagbody compilation
   (let ((tbidx (integer-to-string *tagbody-counter*)))
   ;; The translation assumes the first form in BODY is a label
   (unless (go-tag-p (car body))
     (push (gensym "START") body))
   ;; Tagbody compilation
   (let ((tbidx (integer-to-string *tagbody-counter*)))

-    (let ((env (declare-tagbody-tags env tbidx body))
+    (let ((*environment* (declare-tagbody-tags tbidx body))

           initag)
           initag)

-      (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv (first body) env 'gotag)))
-        (setq initag (second (binding-translation b))))
+      (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv (first body) *environment* 'gotag)))
+        (setq initag (second (binding-value b))))

       (js!selfcall
         "var tagbody_" tbidx " = " initag ";" *newline*
         "tbloop:" *newline*
       (js!selfcall
         "var tagbody_" tbidx " = " initag ";" *newline*
         "tbloop:" *newline*

@@ -1115,9 +1195,9 @@
                                   (dolist (form (cdr body) content)
                                     (concatf content
                                       (if (not (go-tag-p form))
                                   (dolist (form (cdr body) content)
                                     (concatf content
                                       (if (not (go-tag-p form))

-                                          (indent (ls-compile form env) ";" *newline*)
-                                          (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv form env 'gotag)))
-                                            (concat "case " (second (binding-translation b)) ":" *newline*)))))
+                                          (indent (ls-compile form) ";" *newline*)
+                                          (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv form *environment* 'gotag)))
+                                            (concat "case " (second (binding-value b)) ":" *newline*)))))

                                   "default:" *newline*
                                   "    break tbloop;" *newline*
                                   "}" *newline*)))
                                   "default:" *newline*
                                   "    break tbloop;" *newline*
                                   "}" *newline*)))

@@ -1132,31 +1212,30 @@
         "return " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*))))
 
 (define-compilation go (label)
         "return " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*))))
 
 (define-compilation go (label)

-  (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv label env 'gotag))
+  (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv label *environment* 'gotag))

         (n (cond
              ((symbolp label) (symbol-name label))
              ((integerp label) (integer-to-string label)))))
     (if b
         (js!selfcall
         (n (cond
              ((symbolp label) (symbol-name label))
              ((integerp label) (integer-to-string label)))))
     (if b
         (js!selfcall

-         (concat "throw ({"
-                 "type: 'tagbody', "
-                 "id: " (first (binding-translation b)) ", "
-                 "label: " (second (binding-translation b)) ", "
-                 "message: 'Attempt to GO to non-existing tag " n "'"
-                 "})" *newline*))
+          "throw ({"
+          "type: 'tagbody', "
+          "id: " (first (binding-value b)) ", "
+          "label: " (second (binding-value b)) ", "
+          "message: 'Attempt to GO to non-existing tag " n "'"
+          "})" *newline*)

         (error (concat "Unknown tag `" n "'.")))))
 
 
 (define-compilation unwind-protect (form &rest clean-up)
         (error (concat "Unknown tag `" n "'.")))))
 
 
 (define-compilation unwind-protect (form &rest clean-up)

-  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-          (indent "var ret = " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*
-                  "try {" *newline*
-                  (indent "ret = " (ls-compile form env) ";" *newline*)
-                  "} finally {" *newline*
-                  (indent (ls-compile-block clean-up env))
-                  "}" *newline*
-                  "return ret;" *newline*)
-          "})()"))
+  (js!selfcall
+    "var ret = " (ls-compile nil) ";" *newline*
+    "try {" *newline*
+    (indent "ret = " (ls-compile form) ";" *newline*)
+    "} finally {" *newline*
+    (indent (ls-compile-block clean-up))
+    "}" *newline*
+    "return ret;" *newline*))

 
 
 ;;; A little backquote implementation without optimizations of any
 
 
 ;;; A little backquote implementation without optimizations of any

@@ -1197,31 +1276,27 @@
 ;;; Primitives
 
 (defmacro define-builtin (name args &body body)
 ;;; Primitives
 
 (defmacro define-builtin (name args &body body)

-  `(define-compilation ,name ,args
-     (let ,(mapcar (lambda (arg) `(,arg (ls-compile ,arg env))) args)
-       ,@body)))
-
-(defun compile-bool (x)
-  (concat "(" x "?" (ls-compile t) ": " (ls-compile nil) ")"))
+  `(progn
+     (define-compilation ,name ,args
+       (let ,(mapcar (lambda (arg) `(,arg (ls-compile ,arg))) args)
+         ,@body))))

 
 ;;; DECLS is a list of (JSVARNAME TYPE LISPFORM) declarations.
 (defmacro type-check (decls &body body)
 
 ;;; DECLS is a list of (JSVARNAME TYPE LISPFORM) declarations.
 (defmacro type-check (decls &body body)

-  `(concat "(function(){" *newline*
-           (indent ,@(mapcar (lambda (decl)
-                               `(concat "var " ,(first decl) " = " ,(third decl) ";" *newline*))
-                             decls)
-
-                   ,@(mapcar (lambda (decl)
-                               `(concat "if (typeof " ,(first decl) " != '" ,(second decl) "')" *newline*
-                                        (indent "throw 'The value ' + "
-                                                ,(first decl)
-                                                " + ' is not a type "
-                                                ,(second decl)
-                                                ".';"
-                                                *newline*)))
-                             decls)
-                   (concat "return " (progn ,@body) ";" *newline*))
-           "})()"))
+  `(js!selfcall
+     ,@(mapcar (lambda (decl)
+                   `(concat "var " ,(first decl) " = " ,(third decl) ";" *newline*))
+                 decls)
+     ,@(mapcar (lambda (decl)
+                 `(concat "if (typeof " ,(first decl) " != '" ,(second decl) "')" *newline*
+                          (indent "throw 'The value ' + "
+                                  ,(first decl)
+                                  " + ' is not a type "
+                                  ,(second decl)
+                                  ".';"
+                                  *newline*)))
+               decls)
+     (concat "return " (progn ,@body) ";" *newline*)))

 
 (defun num-op-num (x op y)
   (type-check (("x" "number" x) ("y" "number" y))
 
 (defun num-op-num (x op y)
   (type-check (("x" "number" x) ("y" "number" y))

@@ -1234,42 +1309,41 @@
 
 (define-builtin mod (x y) (num-op-num x "%" y))
 
 
 (define-builtin mod (x y) (num-op-num x "%" y))
 

-(define-builtin < (x y)  (compile-bool (num-op-num x "<" y)))
-(define-builtin > (x y)  (compile-bool (num-op-num x ">" y)))
-(define-builtin = (x y)  (compile-bool (num-op-num x "==" y)))
-(define-builtin <= (x y) (compile-bool (num-op-num x "<=" y)))
-(define-builtin >= (x y) (compile-bool (num-op-num x ">=" y)))
+(define-builtin < (x y)  (js!bool (num-op-num x "<" y)))
+(define-builtin > (x y)  (js!bool (num-op-num x ">" y)))
+(define-builtin = (x y)  (js!bool (num-op-num x "==" y)))
+(define-builtin <= (x y) (js!bool (num-op-num x "<=" y)))
+(define-builtin >= (x y) (js!bool (num-op-num x ">=" y)))

 
 (define-builtin numberp (x)
 
 (define-builtin numberp (x)

-  (compile-bool (concat "(typeof (" x ") == \"number\")")))
+  (js!bool (concat "(typeof (" x ") == \"number\")")))

 
 (define-builtin floor (x)
   (type-check (("x" "number" x))
     "Math.floor(x)"))
 
 
 (define-builtin floor (x)
   (type-check (("x" "number" x))
     "Math.floor(x)"))
 

-(define-builtin cons (x y) (concat "({car: " x ", cdr: " y "})"))
+(define-builtin cons (x y)
+  (concat "({car: " x ", cdr: " y "})"))
+

 (define-builtin consp (x)
 (define-builtin consp (x)

-  (compile-bool
-   (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-           (indent "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
-                   "return (typeof tmp == 'object' && 'car' in tmp);" *newline*)
-           "})()")))
+  (js!bool
+   (js!selfcall
+     "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
+     "return (typeof tmp == 'object' && 'car' in tmp);" *newline*)))

 
 (define-builtin car (x)
 
 (define-builtin car (x)

-  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-          (indent "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
-                  "return tmp === " (ls-compile nil)
-                  "? " (ls-compile nil)
-                  ": tmp.car;" *newline*)
-          "})()"))
+  (js!selfcall
+    "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
+    "return tmp === " (ls-compile nil)
+    "? " (ls-compile nil)
+    ": tmp.car;" *newline*))

 
 (define-builtin cdr (x)
 
 (define-builtin cdr (x)

-  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-          (indent "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
-                  "return tmp === " (ls-compile nil) "? "
-                  (ls-compile nil)
-                  ": tmp.cdr;" *newline*)
-          "})()"))
+  (js!selfcall
+    "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
+    "return tmp === " (ls-compile nil) "? "
+    (ls-compile nil)
+    ": tmp.cdr;" *newline*))

 
 (define-builtin setcar (x new)
   (type-check (("x" "object" x))
 
 (define-builtin setcar (x new)
   (type-check (("x" "object" x))

@@ -1280,11 +1354,10 @@
     (concat "(x.cdr = " new ")")))
 
 (define-builtin symbolp (x)
     (concat "(x.cdr = " new ")")))
 
 (define-builtin symbolp (x)

-  (compile-bool
-   (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-           (indent "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
-                   "return (typeof tmp == 'object' && 'name' in tmp);" *newline*)
-           "})()")))
+  (js!bool
+   (js!selfcall
+     "var tmp = " x ";" *newline*
+     "return (typeof tmp == 'object' && 'name' in tmp);" *newline*)))

 
 (define-builtin make-symbol (name)
   (type-check (("name" "string" name))
 
 (define-builtin make-symbol (name)
   (type-check (("name" "string" name))

@@ -1293,15 +1366,45 @@
 (define-builtin symbol-name (x)
   (concat "(" x ").name"))
 
 (define-builtin symbol-name (x)
   (concat "(" x ").name"))
 

-(define-builtin eq    (x y) (compile-bool (concat "(" x " === " y ")")))
-(define-builtin equal (x y) (compile-bool (concat "(" x  " == " y ")")))
+(define-builtin set (symbol value)
+  (concat "(" symbol ").value = " value))
+
+(define-builtin fset (symbol value)
+  (concat "(" symbol ").function = " value))
+
+(define-builtin boundp (x)
+  (js!bool (concat "(" x ".value !== undefined)")))
+
+(define-builtin symbol-value (x)
+  (js!selfcall
+    "var symbol = " x ";" *newline*
+    "var value = symbol.value;" *newline*
+    "if (value === undefined) throw \"Variable `\" + symbol.name + \"' is unbound.\";" *newline*
+    "return value;" *newline*))
+
+(define-builtin symbol-function (x)
+  (js!selfcall
+    "var symbol = " x ";" *newline*
+    "var func = symbol.function;" *newline*
+    "if (func === undefined) throw \"Function `\" + symbol.name + \"' is undefined.\";" *newline*
+    "return func;" *newline*))
+
+(define-builtin symbol-plist (x)
+  (concat "((" x ").plist || " (ls-compile nil) ")"))
+
+(define-builtin lambda-code (x)
+  (concat "(" x ").toString()"))
+
+
+(define-builtin eq    (x y) (js!bool (concat "(" x " === " y ")")))
+(define-builtin equal (x y) (js!bool (concat "(" x  " == " y ")")))

 
 (define-builtin string (x)
   (type-check (("x" "number" x))
     "String.fromCharCode(x)"))
 
 (define-builtin stringp (x)
 
 (define-builtin string (x)
   (type-check (("x" "number" x))
     "String.fromCharCode(x)"))
 
 (define-builtin stringp (x)

-  (compile-bool (concat "(typeof(" x ") == \"string\")")))
+  (js!bool (concat "(typeof(" x ") == \"string\")")))

 
 (define-builtin string-upcase (x)
   (type-check (("x" "string" x))
 
 (define-builtin string-upcase (x)
   (type-check (("x" "string" x))

@@ -1312,15 +1415,14 @@
     "x.length"))
 
 (define-compilation slice (string a &optional b)
     "x.length"))
 
 (define-compilation slice (string a &optional b)

-  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-          (indent "var str = " (ls-compile string env) ";" *newline*
-                  "var a = " (ls-compile a env) ";" *newline*
-                  "var b;" *newline*
-                  (if b
-                      (concat "b = " (ls-compile b env) ";" *newline*)
-                      "")
-                  "return str.slice(a,b);" *newline*)
-          "})()"))
+  (js!selfcall
+    "var str = " (ls-compile string) ";" *newline*
+    "var a = " (ls-compile a) ";" *newline*
+    "var b;" *newline*
+    (if b
+        (concat "b = " (ls-compile b) ";" *newline*)
+        "")
+    "return str.slice(a,b);" *newline*))

 
 (define-builtin char (string index)
   (type-check (("string" "string" string)
 
 (define-builtin char (string index)
   (type-check (("string" "string" string)

@@ -1333,109 +1435,115 @@
     "string1.concat(string2)"))
 
 (define-compilation funcall (func &rest args)
     "string1.concat(string2)"))
 
 (define-compilation funcall (func &rest args)

-  (concat "(" (ls-compile func env) ")("
-          (join (mapcar (lambda (x)
-                          (ls-compile x env))
-                        args)
+  (concat "(" (ls-compile func) ")("
+          (join (mapcar #'ls-compile args)

                 ", ")
           ")"))
 
 (define-compilation apply (func &rest args)
   (if (null args)
                 ", ")
           ")"))
 
 (define-compilation apply (func &rest args)
   (if (null args)

-      (concat "(" (ls-compile func env) ")()")
+      (concat "(" (ls-compile func) ")()")

       (let ((args (butlast args))
             (last (car (last args))))
       (let ((args (butlast args))
             (last (car (last args))))

-        (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-                (indent "var f = " (ls-compile func env) ";" *newline*
-                        "var args = [" (join (mapcar (lambda (x)
-                                                       (ls-compile x env))
-                                                     args)
-                                             ", ")
-                        "];" *newline*
-                        "var tail = (" (ls-compile last env) ");" *newline*
-                        (indent "while (tail != " (ls-compile nil) "){" *newline*
-                                "    args.push(tail.car);" *newline*
-                                "    tail = tail.cdr;" *newline*
-                                "}" *newline*
-                                "return f.apply(this, args);" *newline*)
-                        "})()")))))
+        (js!selfcall
+          "var f = " (ls-compile func) ";" *newline*
+          "var args = [" (join (mapcar #'ls-compile args)
+                               ", ")
+          "];" *newline*
+          "var tail = (" (ls-compile last) ");" *newline*
+          "while (tail != " (ls-compile nil) "){" *newline*
+          "    args.push(tail.car);" *newline*
+          "    tail = tail.cdr;" *newline*
+          "}" *newline*
+          "return f.apply(this, args);" *newline*))))

 
 (define-builtin js-eval (string)
   (type-check (("string" "string" string))
     "eval.apply(window, [string])"))
 
 (define-builtin error (string)
 
 (define-builtin js-eval (string)
   (type-check (("string" "string" string))
     "eval.apply(window, [string])"))
 
 (define-builtin error (string)

-  (concat "(function (){ throw " string "; })()"))
+  (js!selfcall "throw " string ";" *newline*))

 
 (define-builtin new () "{}")
 
 
 (define-builtin new () "{}")
 

-(define-builtin get (object key)
-  (concat "(function(){" *newline*
-          (indent "var tmp = " "(" object ")[" key "];" *newline*
-                  "return tmp == undefined? " (ls-compile nil) ": tmp ;" *newline*)
-          "})()"))
+(define-builtin oget (object key)
+  (js!selfcall
+    "var tmp = " "(" object ")[" key "];" *newline*
+    "return tmp == undefined? " (ls-compile nil) ": tmp ;" *newline*))

 
 

-(define-builtin set (object key value)
+(define-builtin oset (object key value)

   (concat "((" object ")[" key "] = " value ")"))
 
 (define-builtin in (key object)
   (concat "((" object ")[" key "] = " value ")"))
 
 (define-builtin in (key object)

-  (compile-bool (concat "((" key ") in (" object "))")))
+  (js!bool (concat "((" key ") in (" object "))")))

 
 (define-builtin functionp (x)
 
 (define-builtin functionp (x)

-  (compile-bool (concat "(typeof " x " == 'function')")))
+  (js!bool (concat "(typeof " x " == 'function')")))

 
 (define-builtin write-string (x)
   (type-check (("x" "string" x))
     "lisp.write(x)"))
 
 
 (define-builtin write-string (x)
   (type-check (("x" "string" x))
     "lisp.write(x)"))
 

-(defun macrop (x)
-  (and (symbolp x) (eq (binding-type (lookup-function x *environment*)) 'macro)))
-
-(defun ls-macroexpand-1 (form env)
-  (if (macrop (car form))
-      (let ((binding (lookup-function (car form) *environment*)))
-        (if (eq (binding-type binding) 'macro)
-            (apply (eval (binding-translation binding)) (cdr form))
-            form))
-      form))
-
-(defun compile-funcall (function args env)
-  (cond
-    ((symbolp function)
-     (concat (lookup-function-translation function env)
-             "("
-             (join (mapcar (lambda (x) (ls-compile x env)) args)
-                   ", ")
-             ")"))
-    ((and (listp function) (eq (car function) 'lambda))
-     (concat "(" (ls-compile function env) ")("
-             (join (mapcar (lambda (x) (ls-compile x env)) args)
-                   ", ")
-             ")"))
-    (t
-     (error (concat "Invalid function designator " (symbol-name function))))))
+(defun macro (x)
+  (and (symbolp x)
+       (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv x *environment* 'function)))
+         (and (eq (binding-type b) 'macro)
+              b))))
+
+(defun ls-macroexpand-1 (form)
+  (let ((macro-binding (macro (car form))))
+    (if macro-binding
+        (let ((expander (binding-value macro-binding)))
+          (when (listp expander)
+            (let ((compiled (eval expander)))
+              ;; The list representation are useful while
+              ;; bootstrapping, as we can dump the definition of the
+              ;; macros easily, but they are slow because we have to
+              ;; evaluate them and compile them now and again. So, let
+              ;; us replace the list representation version of the
+              ;; function with the compiled one.
+              ;;
+              #+ecmalisp (set-binding-value macro-binding compiled)
+              (setq expander compiled)))
+          (apply expander (cdr form)))
+        form)))
+
+(defun compile-funcall (function args)
+  (concat (ls-compile `#',function) "("
+          (join (mapcar #'ls-compile args)
+                ", ")
+          ")"))

 
 

-(defun ls-compile (sexp &optional (env (make-lexenv)))
+(defun ls-compile (sexp)

   (cond
   (cond

-    ((symbolp sexp) (lookup-variable-translation sexp env))
+    ((symbolp sexp)
+     (let ((b (lookup-in-lexenv sexp *environment* 'variable)))
+       (if (eq (binding-type b) 'lexical-variable)
+           (binding-value b)
+           (ls-compile `(symbol-value ',sexp)))))

     ((integerp sexp) (integer-to-string sexp))
     ((stringp sexp) (concat "\"" (escape-string sexp) "\""))
     ((listp sexp)
      (if (assoc (car sexp) *compilations*)
          (let ((comp (second (assoc (car sexp) *compilations*))))
     ((integerp sexp) (integer-to-string sexp))
     ((stringp sexp) (concat "\"" (escape-string sexp) "\""))
     ((listp sexp)
      (if (assoc (car sexp) *compilations*)
          (let ((comp (second (assoc (car sexp) *compilations*))))

-           (apply comp env (cdr sexp)))
-         (if (macrop (car sexp))
-             (ls-compile (ls-macroexpand-1 sexp env) env)
-             (compile-funcall (car sexp) (cdr sexp) env))))))
+           (apply comp (cdr sexp)))
+         (if (macro (car sexp))
+             (ls-compile (ls-macroexpand-1 sexp))
+             (compile-funcall (car sexp) (cdr sexp)))))))

 
 (defun ls-compile-toplevel (sexp)
 
 (defun ls-compile-toplevel (sexp)

-  (setq *toplevel-compilations* nil)
-  (let ((code (ls-compile sexp)))
-    (prog1
-        (concat (join (mapcar (lambda (x) (concat x ";" *newline*))
-                              *toplevel-compilations*))
-                code)
-      (setq *toplevel-compilations* nil))))
+  (let ((*toplevel-compilations* nil))
+    (cond
+      ((and (consp sexp) (eq (car sexp) 'progn))
+       (let ((subs (mapcar #'ls-compile-toplevel (cdr sexp))))
+         (join (remove-if #'null-or-empty-p subs))))
+      (t
+       (let ((code (ls-compile sexp)))
+         (concat (join-trailing (get-toplevel-compilations)
+                                (concat ";" *newline*))
+                 (if code
+                     (concat code ";" *newline*)
+                     "")))))))

 
 
 ;;; Once we have the compiler, we define the runtime environment and
 
 
 ;;; Once we have the compiler, we define the runtime environment and

@@ -1459,32 +1567,35 @@
                (ls-compile-toplevel x))))
       (js-eval code)))
 
                (ls-compile-toplevel x))))
       (js-eval code)))
 

+  (js-eval "var lisp")
+  (js-vset "lisp" (new))
+  (js-vset "lisp.read" #'ls-read-from-string)
+  (js-vset "lisp.print" #'prin1-to-string)
+  (js-vset "lisp.eval" #'eval)
+  (js-vset "lisp.compile" #'ls-compile-toplevel)
+  (js-vset "lisp.evalString" (lambda (str) (eval (ls-read-from-string str))))
+  (js-vset "lisp.compileString" (lambda (str) (ls-compile-toplevel (ls-read-from-string str))))
+

   ;; Set the initial global environment to be equal to the host global
   ;; environment at this point of the compilation.
   (eval-when-compile
   ;; Set the initial global environment to be equal to the host global
   ;; environment at this point of the compilation.
   (eval-when-compile

-    (let ((tmp (ls-compile
-                `(progn
-                   (setq *environment* ',*environment*)
-                   (setq *variable-counter* ',*variable-counter*)
-                   (setq *function-counter* ',*function-counter*)
-                   (setq *literal-counter* ',*literal-counter*)
-                   (setq *gensym-counter* ',*gensym-counter*)
-                   (setq *block-counter* ',*block-counter*)))))
-      (setq *toplevel-compilations*
-            (append *toplevel-compilations* (list tmp)))))
-
-  (js-eval
-   (concat "var lisp = {};"
-           "lisp.read = " (lookup-function-translation 'ls-read-from-string nil) ";" *newline*
-           "lisp.print = " (lookup-function-translation 'prin1-to-string nil) ";" *newline*
-           "lisp.eval = " (lookup-function-translation 'eval nil) ";" *newline*
-           "lisp.compile = " (lookup-function-translation 'ls-compile-toplevel nil) ";" *newline*
-           "lisp.evalString = function(str){" *newline*
-           "   return lisp.eval(lisp.read(str));" *newline*
-           "}" *newline*
-           "lisp.compileString = function(str){" *newline*
-           "   return lisp.compile(lisp.read(str));" *newline*
-           "}" *newline*)))
+    (toplevel-compilation
+     (ls-compile
+      `(progn
+         ,@(mapcar (lambda (s)
+                     `(oset *package* ,(symbol-name (car s))
+                            (js-vref ,(cdr s))))
+                   *literal-symbols*)
+         (setq *literal-symbols* ',*literal-symbols*)
+         (setq *environment* ',*environment*)
+         (setq *variable-counter* ,*variable-counter*)
+         (setq *gensym-counter* ,*gensym-counter*)
+         (setq *block-counter* ,*block-counter*)))))
+
+  (eval-when-compile
+    (toplevel-compilation
+     (ls-compile
+      `(setq *literal-counter* ,*literal-counter*)))))

 
 
 ;;; Finally, we provide a couple of functions to easily bootstrap
 
 
 ;;; Finally, we provide a couple of functions to easily bootstrap

@@ -1508,16 +1619,16 @@
            until (eq x *eof*)
            for compilation = (ls-compile-toplevel x)
            when (plusp (length compilation))
            until (eq x *eof*)
            for compilation = (ls-compile-toplevel x)
            when (plusp (length compilation))

-           do (write-line (concat compilation "; ") out))
+           do (write-string compilation out))

         (dolist (check *compilation-unit-checks*)
           (funcall check))
         (setq *compilation-unit-checks* nil))))
 
   (defun bootstrap ()
     (setq *environment* (make-lexenv))
         (dolist (check *compilation-unit-checks*)
           (funcall check))
         (setq *compilation-unit-checks* nil))))
 
   (defun bootstrap ()
     (setq *environment* (make-lexenv))

+    (setq *literal-symbols* nil)

     (setq *variable-counter* 0
           *gensym-counter* 0
     (setq *variable-counter* 0
           *gensym-counter* 0

-          *function-counter* 0

           *literal-counter* 0
           *block-counter* 0)
     (ls-compile-file "ecmalisp.lisp" "ecmalisp.js")))
           *literal-counter* 0
           *block-counter* 0)
     (ls-compile-file "ecmalisp.lisp" "ecmalisp.js")))