cleanup: use os_vm_size_t in gc_find_freeish_pages and for granularity
[sbcl.git] / src / runtime / gencgc.c
index c856c86..3009904 100644 (file)
 #include "genesis/instance.h"
 #include "genesis/layout.h"
 #include "gencgc.h"
-#if defined(LUTEX_WIDETAG)
-#include "pthread-lutex.h"
+#if !defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) && !defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
+#include "genesis/cons.h"
 #endif
 
 /* forward declarations */
-page_index_t  gc_find_freeish_pages(long *restart_page_ptr, long nbytes,
+page_index_t  gc_find_freeish_pages(page_index_t *restart_page_ptr, long nbytes,
                                     int page_type_flag);
 
 \f
@@ -78,7 +78,13 @@ enum {
 boolean enable_page_protection = 1;
 
 /* the minimum size (in bytes) for a large object*/
+#if (GENCGC_ALLOC_GRANULARITY >= PAGE_BYTES) && (GENCGC_ALLOC_GRANULARITY >= GENCGC_CARD_BYTES)
+long large_object_size = 4 * GENCGC_ALLOC_GRANULARITY;
+#elif (GENCGC_CARD_BYTES >= PAGE_BYTES) && (GENCGC_CARD_BYTES >= GENCGC_ALLOC_GRANULARITY)
+long large_object_size = 4 * GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
+#else
 long large_object_size = 4 * PAGE_BYTES;
+#endif
 
 \f
 /*
@@ -143,8 +149,8 @@ boolean gencgc_partial_pickup = 0;
  */
 
 /* the total bytes allocated. These are seen by Lisp DYNAMIC-USAGE. */
-unsigned long bytes_allocated = 0;
-unsigned long auto_gc_trigger = 0;
+os_vm_size_t bytes_allocated = 0;
+os_vm_size_t auto_gc_trigger = 0;
 
 /* the source and destination generations. These are set before a GC starts
  * scavenging. */
@@ -214,7 +220,7 @@ static void *heap_base = NULL;
 inline void *
 page_address(page_index_t page_num)
 {
-    return (heap_base + (page_num * PAGE_BYTES));
+    return (heap_base + (page_num * GENCGC_CARD_BYTES));
 }
 
 /* Calculate the address where the allocation region associated with
@@ -232,18 +238,18 @@ find_page_index(void *addr)
 {
     if (addr >= heap_base) {
         page_index_t index = ((pointer_sized_uint_t)addr -
-                              (pointer_sized_uint_t)heap_base) / PAGE_BYTES;
+                              (pointer_sized_uint_t)heap_base) / GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
         if (index < page_table_pages)
             return (index);
     }
     return (-1);
 }
 
-static size_t
-npage_bytes(long npages)
+static os_vm_size_t
+npage_bytes(page_index_t npages)
 {
     gc_assert(npages>=0);
-    return ((unsigned long)npages)*PAGE_BYTES;
+    return ((os_vm_size_t)npages)*GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
 }
 
 /* Check that X is a higher address than Y and return offset from Y to
@@ -279,13 +285,13 @@ struct generation {
     page_index_t alloc_large_unboxed_start_page;
 
     /* the bytes allocated to this generation */
-    unsigned long bytes_allocated;
+    os_vm_size_t bytes_allocated;
 
     /* the number of bytes at which to trigger a GC */
-    unsigned long gc_trigger;
+    os_vm_size_t gc_trigger;
 
     /* to calculate a new level for gc_trigger */
-    unsigned long bytes_consed_between_gc;
+    os_vm_size_t bytes_consed_between_gc;
 
     /* the number of GCs since the last raise */
     int num_gc;
@@ -299,20 +305,12 @@ struct generation {
      * objects are added from a GC of a younger generation. Dividing by
      * the bytes_allocated will give the average age of the memory in
      * this generation since its last GC. */
-    unsigned long cum_sum_bytes_allocated;
+    os_vm_size_t cum_sum_bytes_allocated;
 
     /* a minimum average memory age before a GC will occur helps
      * prevent a GC when a large number of new live objects have been
      * added, in which case a GC could be a waste of time */
     double minimum_age_before_gc;
-
-    /* A linked list of lutex structures in this generation, used for
-     * implementing lutex finalization. */
-#ifdef LUTEX_WIDETAG
-    struct lutex *lutexes;
-#else
-    void *lutexes;
-#endif
 };
 
 /* an array of generation structures. There needs to be one more
@@ -352,6 +350,12 @@ static pthread_mutex_t free_pages_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 static pthread_mutex_t allocation_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 #endif
 
+extern os_vm_size_t gencgc_release_granularity;
+os_vm_size_t gencgc_release_granularity = GENCGC_RELEASE_GRANULARITY;
+
+extern os_vm_size_t gencgc_alloc_granularity;
+os_vm_size_t gencgc_alloc_granularity = GENCGC_ALLOC_GRANULARITY;
+
 \f
 /*
  * miscellaneous heap functions
@@ -359,11 +363,10 @@ static pthread_mutex_t allocation_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 
 /* Count the number of pages which are write-protected within the
  * given generation. */
-static long
+static page_index_t
 count_write_protect_generation_pages(generation_index_t generation)
 {
-    page_index_t i;
-    unsigned long count = 0;
+    page_index_t i, count = 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < last_free_page; i++)
         if (page_allocated_p(i)
@@ -374,11 +377,11 @@ count_write_protect_generation_pages(generation_index_t generation)
 }
 
 /* Count the number of pages within the given generation. */
-static long
+static page_index_t
 count_generation_pages(generation_index_t generation)
 {
     page_index_t i;
-    long count = 0;
+    page_index_t count = 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < last_free_page; i++)
         if (page_allocated_p(i)
@@ -388,11 +391,11 @@ count_generation_pages(generation_index_t generation)
 }
 
 #if QSHOW
-static long
+static page_index_t
 count_dont_move_pages(void)
 {
     page_index_t i;
-    long count = 0;
+    page_index_t count = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < last_free_page; i++) {
         if (page_allocated_p(i)
             && (page_table[i].dont_move != 0)) {
@@ -405,11 +408,11 @@ count_dont_move_pages(void)
 
 /* Work through the pages and add up the number of bytes used for the
  * given generation. */
-static unsigned long
+static os_vm_size_t
 count_generation_bytes_allocated (generation_index_t gen)
 {
     page_index_t i;
-    unsigned long result = 0;
+    os_vm_size_t result = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < last_free_page; i++) {
         if (page_allocated_p(i)
             && (page_table[i].gen == gen))
@@ -430,10 +433,8 @@ generation_average_age(generation_index_t gen)
         / ((double)generations[gen].bytes_allocated);
 }
 
-/* The verbose argument controls how much to print: 0 for normal
- * level of detail; 1 for debugging. */
 extern void
-print_generation_stats() /* FIXME: should take FILE argument, or construct a string */
+write_generation_stats(FILE *file)
 {
     generation_index_t i;
 
@@ -450,16 +451,16 @@ print_generation_stats() /* FIXME: should take FILE argument, or construct a str
     fpu_save(fpu_state);
 
     /* Print the heap stats. */
-    fprintf(stderr,
+    fprintf(file,
             " Gen StaPg UbSta LaSta LUbSt Boxed Unboxed LB   LUB  !move  Alloc  Waste   Trig    WP  GCs Mem-age\n");
 
     for (i = 0; i < SCRATCH_GENERATION; i++) {
         page_index_t j;
-        long boxed_cnt = 0;
-        long unboxed_cnt = 0;
-        long large_boxed_cnt = 0;
-        long large_unboxed_cnt = 0;
-        long pinned_cnt=0;
+        page_index_t boxed_cnt = 0;
+        page_index_t unboxed_cnt = 0;
+        page_index_t large_boxed_cnt = 0;
+        page_index_t large_unboxed_cnt = 0;
+        page_index_t pinned_cnt=0;
 
         for (j = 0; j < last_free_page; j++)
             if (page_table[j].gen == i) {
@@ -485,18 +486,20 @@ print_generation_stats() /* FIXME: should take FILE argument, or construct a str
 
         gc_assert(generations[i].bytes_allocated
                   == count_generation_bytes_allocated(i));
-        fprintf(stderr,
-                "   %1d: %5ld %5ld %5ld %5ld %5ld %5ld %5ld %5ld %5ld %8ld %5ld %8ld %4ld %3d %7.4f\n",
+        fprintf(file,
+                "   %1d: %5ld %5ld %5ld %5ld",
                 i,
                 generations[i].alloc_start_page,
                 generations[i].alloc_unboxed_start_page,
                 generations[i].alloc_large_start_page,
-                generations[i].alloc_large_unboxed_start_page,
-                boxed_cnt,
-                unboxed_cnt,
-                large_boxed_cnt,
-                large_unboxed_cnt,
-                pinned_cnt,
+                generations[i].alloc_large_unboxed_start_page);
+        fprintf(file,
+                " %5"PAGE_INDEX_FMT" %5"PAGE_INDEX_FMT" %5"PAGE_INDEX_FMT
+                " %5"PAGE_INDEX_FMT" %5"PAGE_INDEX_FMT,
+                boxed_cnt, unboxed_cnt, large_boxed_cnt,
+                large_unboxed_cnt, pinned_cnt);
+        fprintf(file
+                " %8ld %5ld %8ld %4ld %3d %7.4f\n",
                 generations[i].bytes_allocated,
                 (npage_bytes(count_generation_pages(i))
                  - generations[i].bytes_allocated),
@@ -505,11 +508,75 @@ print_generation_stats() /* FIXME: should take FILE argument, or construct a str
                 generations[i].num_gc,
                 generation_average_age(i));
     }
-    fprintf(stderr,"   Total bytes allocated    = %lu\n", bytes_allocated);
-    fprintf(stderr,"   Dynamic-space-size bytes = %u\n", dynamic_space_size);
+    fprintf(file,"   Total bytes allocated    = %lu\n", (unsigned long)bytes_allocated);
+    fprintf(file,"   Dynamic-space-size bytes = %lu\n", (unsigned long)dynamic_space_size);
 
     fpu_restore(fpu_state);
 }
+
+extern void
+write_heap_exhaustion_report(FILE *file, long available, long requested,
+                             struct thread *thread)
+{
+    fprintf(file,
+            "Heap exhausted during %s: %ld bytes available, %ld requested.\n",
+            gc_active_p ? "garbage collection" : "allocation",
+            available,
+            requested);
+    write_generation_stats(file);
+    fprintf(file, "GC control variables:\n");
+    fprintf(file, "   *GC-INHIBIT* = %s\n   *GC-PENDING* = %s\n",
+            SymbolValue(GC_INHIBIT,thread)==NIL ? "false" : "true",
+            (SymbolValue(GC_PENDING, thread) == T) ?
+            "true" : ((SymbolValue(GC_PENDING, thread) == NIL) ?
+                      "false" : "in progress"));
+#ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
+    fprintf(file, "   *STOP-FOR-GC-PENDING* = %s\n",
+            SymbolValue(STOP_FOR_GC_PENDING,thread)==NIL ? "false" : "true");
+#endif
+}
+
+extern void
+print_generation_stats(void)
+{
+    write_generation_stats(stderr);
+}
+
+extern char* gc_logfile;
+char * gc_logfile = NULL;
+
+extern void
+log_generation_stats(char *logfile, char *header)
+{
+    if (logfile) {
+        FILE * log = fopen(logfile, "a");
+        if (log) {
+            fprintf(log, "%s\n", header);
+            write_generation_stats(log);
+            fclose(log);
+        } else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Could not open gc logfile: %s\n", logfile);
+            fflush(stderr);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extern void
+report_heap_exhaustion(long available, long requested, struct thread *th)
+{
+    if (gc_logfile) {
+        FILE * log = fopen(gc_logfile, "a");
+        if (log) {
+            write_heap_exhaustion_report(log, available, requested, th);
+            fclose(log);
+        } else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Could not open gc logfile: %s\n", gc_logfile);
+            fflush(stderr);
+        }
+    }
+    /* Always to stderr as well. */
+    write_heap_exhaustion_report(stderr, available, requested, th);
+}
 \f
 
 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
@@ -521,13 +588,16 @@ void fast_bzero(void*, size_t); /* in <arch>-assem.S */
  * OS. Generally done after a large GC.
  */
 void zero_pages_with_mmap(page_index_t start, page_index_t end) {
-    int i;
+    page_index_t i;
     void *addr = page_address(start), *new_addr;
-    size_t length = npage_bytes(1+end-start);
+    os_vm_size_t length = npage_bytes(1+end-start);
 
     if (start > end)
       return;
 
+    gc_assert(length >= gencgc_release_granularity);
+    gc_assert((length % gencgc_release_granularity) == 0);
+
     os_invalidate(addr, length);
     new_addr = os_validate(addr, length);
     if (new_addr == NULL || new_addr != addr) {
@@ -556,19 +626,28 @@ zero_pages(page_index_t start, page_index_t end) {
 
 }
 
+static void
+zero_and_mark_pages(page_index_t start, page_index_t end) {
+    page_index_t i;
+
+    zero_pages(start, end);
+    for (i = start; i <= end; i++)
+        page_table[i].need_to_zero = 0;
+}
+
 /* Zero the pages from START to END (inclusive), except for those
  * pages that are known to already zeroed. Mark all pages in the
  * ranges as non-zeroed.
  */
 static void
 zero_dirty_pages(page_index_t start, page_index_t end) {
-    page_index_t i;
+    page_index_t i, j;
 
     for (i = start; i <= end; i++) {
-        if (page_table[i].need_to_zero == 1) {
-            zero_pages(start, end);
-            break;
-        }
+        if (!page_table[i].need_to_zero) continue;
+        for (j = i+1; (j <= end) && (page_table[j].need_to_zero); j++);
+        zero_pages(i, j-1);
+        i = j;
     }
 
     for (i = start; i <= end; i++) {
@@ -726,7 +805,7 @@ gc_alloc_new_region(long nbytes, int page_type_flag, struct alloc_region *alloc_
     gc_assert(ret == 0);
     first_page = generation_alloc_start_page(gc_alloc_generation, page_type_flag, 0);
     last_page=gc_find_freeish_pages(&first_page, nbytes, page_type_flag);
-    bytes_found=(PAGE_BYTES - page_table[first_page].bytes_used)
+    bytes_found=(GENCGC_CARD_BYTES - page_table[first_page].bytes_used)
             + npage_bytes(last_page-first_page);
 
     /* Set up the alloc_region. */
@@ -956,8 +1035,8 @@ gc_alloc_update_page_tables(int page_type_flag, struct alloc_region *alloc_regio
         more = 0;
         if ((bytes_used = void_diff(alloc_region->free_pointer,
                                     page_address(first_page)))
-            >PAGE_BYTES) {
-            bytes_used = PAGE_BYTES;
+            >GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) {
+            bytes_used = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
             more = 1;
         }
         page_table[first_page].bytes_used = bytes_used;
@@ -981,8 +1060,8 @@ gc_alloc_update_page_tables(int page_type_flag, struct alloc_region *alloc_regio
             /* Calculate the number of bytes used in this page. */
             more = 0;
             if ((bytes_used = void_diff(alloc_region->free_pointer,
-                                        page_address(next_page)))>PAGE_BYTES) {
-                bytes_used = PAGE_BYTES;
+                                        page_address(next_page)))>GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) {
+                bytes_used = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
                 more = 1;
             }
             page_table[next_page].bytes_used = bytes_used;
@@ -1083,8 +1162,8 @@ gc_alloc_large(long nbytes, int page_type_flag, struct alloc_region *alloc_regio
     /* Calc. the number of bytes used in this page. This is not
      * always the number of new bytes, unless it was free. */
     more = 0;
-    if ((bytes_used = nbytes+orig_first_page_bytes_used) > PAGE_BYTES) {
-        bytes_used = PAGE_BYTES;
+    if ((bytes_used = nbytes+orig_first_page_bytes_used) > GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) {
+        bytes_used = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
         more = 1;
     }
     page_table[first_page].bytes_used = bytes_used;
@@ -1108,8 +1187,8 @@ gc_alloc_large(long nbytes, int page_type_flag, struct alloc_region *alloc_regio
         /* Calculate the number of bytes used in this page. */
         more = 0;
         bytes_used=(nbytes+orig_first_page_bytes_used)-byte_cnt;
-        if (bytes_used > PAGE_BYTES) {
-            bytes_used = PAGE_BYTES;
+        if (bytes_used > GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) {
+            bytes_used = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
             more = 1;
         }
         page_table[next_page].bytes_used = bytes_used;
@@ -1158,20 +1237,7 @@ gc_heap_exhausted_error_or_lose (long available, long requested)
      * the danger that we bounce back here before the error has been
      * handled, or indeed even printed.
      */
-    fprintf(stderr, "Heap exhausted during %s: %ld bytes available, %ld requested.\n",
-            gc_active_p ? "garbage collection" : "allocation",
-            available, requested);
-    print_generation_stats();
-        fprintf(stderr, "GC control variables:\n");
-        fprintf(stderr, "   *GC-INHIBIT* = %s\n   *GC-PENDING* = %s\n",
-                SymbolValue(GC_INHIBIT,thread)==NIL ? "false" : "true",
-                (SymbolValue(GC_PENDING, thread) == T) ?
-                "true" : ((SymbolValue(GC_PENDING, thread) == NIL) ?
-                  "false" : "in progress"));
-#ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
-        fprintf(stderr, "   *STOP-FOR-GC-PENDING* = %s\n",
-                SymbolValue(STOP_FOR_GC_PENDING,thread)==NIL ? "false" : "true");
-#endif
+    report_heap_exhaustion(available, requested, thread);
     if (gc_active_p || (available == 0)) {
         /* If we are in GC, or totally out of memory there is no way
          * to sanely transfer control to the lisp-side of things.
@@ -1200,89 +1266,95 @@ gc_heap_exhausted_error_or_lose (long available, long requested)
 }
 
 page_index_t
-gc_find_freeish_pages(page_index_t *restart_page_ptr, long nbytes,
+gc_find_freeish_pages(page_index_t *restart_page_ptr, long bytes,
                       int page_type_flag)
 {
-    page_index_t first_page, last_page;
-    page_index_t restart_page = *restart_page_ptr;
-    long bytes_found = 0;
-    long most_bytes_found = 0;
+    page_index_t most_bytes_found_from = 0, most_bytes_found_to = 0;
+    page_index_t first_page, last_page, restart_page = *restart_page_ptr;
+    os_vm_size_t nbytes = bytes;
+    os_vm_size_t nbytes_goal = nbytes;
+    os_vm_size_t bytes_found = 0;
+    os_vm_size_t most_bytes_found = 0;
+    boolean small_object = nbytes < GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
     /* FIXME: assert(free_pages_lock is held); */
 
+    if (nbytes_goal < gencgc_alloc_granularity)
+        nbytes_goal = gencgc_alloc_granularity;
+
     /* Toggled by gc_and_save for heap compaction, normally -1. */
     if (gencgc_alloc_start_page != -1) {
         restart_page = gencgc_alloc_start_page;
     }
 
-    gc_assert(nbytes>=0);
-    if (((unsigned long)nbytes)>=PAGE_BYTES) {
-        /* Search for a contiguous free space of at least nbytes,
-         * aligned on a page boundary. The page-alignment is strictly
-         * speaking needed only for objects at least large_object_size
-         * bytes in size. */
-        do {
-            first_page = restart_page;
-            while ((first_page < page_table_pages) &&
-                   page_allocated_p(first_page))
+    /* FIXME: This is on bytes instead of nbytes pending cleanup of
+     * long from the interface. */
+    gc_assert(bytes>=0);
+    /* Search for a page with at least nbytes of space. We prefer
+     * not to split small objects on multiple pages, to reduce the
+     * number of contiguous allocation regions spaning multiple
+     * pages: this helps avoid excessive conservativism.
+     *
+     * For other objects, we guarantee that they start on their own
+     * page boundary.
+     */
+    first_page = restart_page;
+    while (first_page < page_table_pages) {
+        bytes_found = 0;
+        if (page_free_p(first_page)) {
+                gc_assert(0 == page_table[first_page].bytes_used);
+                bytes_found = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
+        } else if (small_object &&
+                   (page_table[first_page].allocated == page_type_flag) &&
+                   (page_table[first_page].large_object == 0) &&
+                   (page_table[first_page].gen == gc_alloc_generation) &&
+                   (page_table[first_page].write_protected == 0) &&
+                   (page_table[first_page].dont_move == 0)) {
+            bytes_found = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES - page_table[first_page].bytes_used;
+            if (bytes_found < nbytes) {
+                if (bytes_found > most_bytes_found)
+                    most_bytes_found = bytes_found;
                 first_page++;
-
-            last_page = first_page;
-            bytes_found = PAGE_BYTES;
-            while ((bytes_found < nbytes) &&
-                   (last_page < (page_table_pages-1)) &&
-                   page_free_p(last_page+1)) {
-                last_page++;
-                bytes_found += PAGE_BYTES;
-                gc_assert(0 == page_table[last_page].bytes_used);
-                gc_assert(0 == page_table[last_page].write_protected);
+                continue;
             }
-            if (bytes_found > most_bytes_found)
-                most_bytes_found = bytes_found;
-            restart_page = last_page + 1;
-        } while ((restart_page < page_table_pages) && (bytes_found < nbytes));
-
-    } else {
-        /* Search for a page with at least nbytes of space. We prefer
-         * not to split small objects on multiple pages, to reduce the
-         * number of contiguous allocation regions spaning multiple
-         * pages: this helps avoid excessive conservativism. */
-        first_page = restart_page;
-        while (first_page < page_table_pages) {
-            if (page_free_p(first_page))
-                {
-                    gc_assert(0 == page_table[first_page].bytes_used);
-                    bytes_found = PAGE_BYTES;
-                    break;
-                }
-            else if ((page_table[first_page].allocated == page_type_flag) &&
-                     (page_table[first_page].large_object == 0) &&
-                     (page_table[first_page].gen == gc_alloc_generation) &&
-                     (page_table[first_page].write_protected == 0) &&
-                     (page_table[first_page].dont_move == 0))
-                {
-                    bytes_found = PAGE_BYTES
-                        - page_table[first_page].bytes_used;
-                    if (bytes_found > most_bytes_found)
-                        most_bytes_found = bytes_found;
-                    if (bytes_found >= nbytes)
-                        break;
-                }
+        } else {
             first_page++;
+            continue;
         }
-        last_page = first_page;
-        restart_page = first_page + 1;
+
+        gc_assert(page_table[first_page].write_protected == 0);
+        for (last_page = first_page+1;
+             ((last_page < page_table_pages) &&
+              page_free_p(last_page) &&
+              (bytes_found < nbytes_goal));
+             last_page++) {
+            bytes_found += GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
+            gc_assert(0 == page_table[last_page].bytes_used);
+            gc_assert(0 == page_table[last_page].write_protected);
+        }
+
+        if (bytes_found > most_bytes_found) {
+            most_bytes_found = bytes_found;
+            most_bytes_found_from = first_page;
+            most_bytes_found_to = last_page;
+        }
+        if (bytes_found >= nbytes_goal)
+            break;
+
+        first_page = last_page;
     }
 
+    bytes_found = most_bytes_found;
+    restart_page = first_page + 1;
+
     /* Check for a failure */
     if (bytes_found < nbytes) {
         gc_assert(restart_page >= page_table_pages);
         gc_heap_exhausted_error_or_lose(most_bytes_found, nbytes);
     }
 
-    gc_assert(page_table[first_page].write_protected == 0);
-
-    *restart_page_ptr = first_page;
-    return last_page;
+    gc_assert(most_bytes_found_to);
+    *restart_page_ptr = most_bytes_found_from;
+    return most_bytes_found_to-1;
 }
 
 /* Allocate bytes.  All the rest of the special-purpose allocation
@@ -1405,19 +1477,19 @@ copy_large_object(lispobj object, long nwords)
 
         next_page = first_page;
         remaining_bytes = nwords*N_WORD_BYTES;
-        while (remaining_bytes > PAGE_BYTES) {
+        while (remaining_bytes > GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) {
             gc_assert(page_table[next_page].gen == from_space);
             gc_assert(page_boxed_p(next_page));
             gc_assert(page_table[next_page].large_object);
             gc_assert(page_table[next_page].region_start_offset ==
                       npage_bytes(next_page-first_page));
-            gc_assert(page_table[next_page].bytes_used == PAGE_BYTES);
+            gc_assert(page_table[next_page].bytes_used == GENCGC_CARD_BYTES);
             /* Should have been unprotected by unprotect_oldspace(). */
             gc_assert(page_table[next_page].write_protected == 0);
 
             page_table[next_page].gen = new_space;
 
-            remaining_bytes -= PAGE_BYTES;
+            remaining_bytes -= GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
             next_page++;
         }
 
@@ -1438,7 +1510,7 @@ copy_large_object(lispobj object, long nwords)
 
         /* Free any remaining pages; needs care. */
         next_page++;
-        while ((old_bytes_used == PAGE_BYTES) &&
+        while ((old_bytes_used == GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) &&
                (page_table[next_page].gen == from_space) &&
                page_boxed_p(next_page) &&
                page_table[next_page].large_object &&
@@ -1547,17 +1619,17 @@ copy_large_unboxed_object(lispobj object, long nwords)
 
         next_page = first_page;
         remaining_bytes = nwords*N_WORD_BYTES;
-        while (remaining_bytes > PAGE_BYTES) {
+        while (remaining_bytes > GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) {
             gc_assert(page_table[next_page].gen == from_space);
             gc_assert(page_allocated_no_region_p(next_page));
             gc_assert(page_table[next_page].large_object);
             gc_assert(page_table[next_page].region_start_offset ==
                       npage_bytes(next_page-first_page));
-            gc_assert(page_table[next_page].bytes_used == PAGE_BYTES);
+            gc_assert(page_table[next_page].bytes_used == GENCGC_CARD_BYTES);
 
             page_table[next_page].gen = new_space;
             page_table[next_page].allocated = UNBOXED_PAGE_FLAG;
-            remaining_bytes -= PAGE_BYTES;
+            remaining_bytes -= GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
             next_page++;
         }
 
@@ -1578,7 +1650,7 @@ copy_large_unboxed_object(lispobj object, long nwords)
 
         /* Free any remaining pages; needs care. */
         next_page++;
-        while ((old_bytes_used == PAGE_BYTES) &&
+        while ((old_bytes_used == GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) &&
                (page_table[next_page].gen == from_space) &&
                page_allocated_no_region_p(next_page) &&
                page_table[next_page].large_object &&
@@ -1958,181 +2030,6 @@ trans_unboxed_large(lispobj object)
     return copy_large_unboxed_object(object, length);
 }
 #endif
-
-\f
-/*
- * Lutexes. Using the normal finalization machinery for finalizing
- * lutexes is tricky, since the finalization depends on working lutexes.
- * So we track the lutexes in the GC and finalize them manually.
- */
-
-#if defined(LUTEX_WIDETAG)
-
-/*
- * Start tracking LUTEX in the GC, by adding it to the linked list of
- * lutexes in the nursery generation. The caller is responsible for
- * locking, and GCs must be inhibited until the registration is
- * complete.
- */
-void
-gencgc_register_lutex (struct lutex *lutex) {
-    int index = find_page_index(lutex);
-    generation_index_t gen;
-    struct lutex *head;
-
-    /* This lutex is in static space, so we don't need to worry about
-     * finalizing it.
-     */
-    if (index == -1)
-        return;
-
-    gen = page_table[index].gen;
-
-    gc_assert(gen >= 0);
-    gc_assert(gen < NUM_GENERATIONS);
-
-    head = generations[gen].lutexes;
-
-    lutex->gen = gen;
-    lutex->next = head;
-    lutex->prev = NULL;
-    if (head)
-        head->prev = lutex;
-    generations[gen].lutexes = lutex;
-}
-
-/*
- * Stop tracking LUTEX in the GC by removing it from the appropriate
- * linked lists. This will only be called during GC, so no locking is
- * needed.
- */
-void
-gencgc_unregister_lutex (struct lutex *lutex) {
-    if (lutex->prev) {
-        lutex->prev->next = lutex->next;
-    } else {
-        generations[lutex->gen].lutexes = lutex->next;
-    }
-
-    if (lutex->next) {
-        lutex->next->prev = lutex->prev;
-    }
-
-    lutex->next = NULL;
-    lutex->prev = NULL;
-    lutex->gen = -1;
-}
-
-/*
- * Mark all lutexes in generation GEN as not live.
- */
-static void
-unmark_lutexes (generation_index_t gen) {
-    struct lutex *lutex = generations[gen].lutexes;
-
-    while (lutex) {
-        lutex->live = 0;
-        lutex = lutex->next;
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Finalize all lutexes in generation GEN that have not been marked live.
- */
-static void
-reap_lutexes (generation_index_t gen) {
-    struct lutex *lutex = generations[gen].lutexes;
-
-    while (lutex) {
-        struct lutex *next = lutex->next;
-        if (!lutex->live) {
-            lutex_destroy((tagged_lutex_t) lutex);
-            gencgc_unregister_lutex(lutex);
-        }
-        lutex = next;
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Mark LUTEX as live.
- */
-static void
-mark_lutex (lispobj tagged_lutex) {
-    struct lutex *lutex = (struct lutex*) native_pointer(tagged_lutex);
-
-    lutex->live = 1;
-}
-
-/*
- * Move all lutexes in generation FROM to generation TO.
- */
-static void
-move_lutexes (generation_index_t from, generation_index_t to) {
-    struct lutex *tail = generations[from].lutexes;
-
-    /* Nothing to move */
-    if (!tail)
-        return;
-
-    /* Change the generation of the lutexes in FROM. */
-    while (tail->next) {
-        tail->gen = to;
-        tail = tail->next;
-    }
-    tail->gen = to;
-
-    /* Link the last lutex in the FROM list to the start of the TO list */
-    tail->next = generations[to].lutexes;
-
-    /* And vice versa */
-    if (generations[to].lutexes) {
-        generations[to].lutexes->prev = tail;
-    }
-
-    /* And update the generations structures to match this */
-    generations[to].lutexes = generations[from].lutexes;
-    generations[from].lutexes = NULL;
-}
-
-static long
-scav_lutex(lispobj *where, lispobj object)
-{
-    mark_lutex((lispobj) where);
-
-    return CEILING(sizeof(struct lutex)/sizeof(lispobj), 2);
-}
-
-static lispobj
-trans_lutex(lispobj object)
-{
-    struct lutex *lutex = (struct lutex *) native_pointer(object);
-    lispobj copied;
-    size_t words = CEILING(sizeof(struct lutex)/sizeof(lispobj), 2);
-    gc_assert(is_lisp_pointer(object));
-    copied = copy_object(object, words);
-
-    /* Update the links, since the lutex moved in memory. */
-    if (lutex->next) {
-        lutex->next->prev = (struct lutex *) native_pointer(copied);
-    }
-
-    if (lutex->prev) {
-        lutex->prev->next = (struct lutex *) native_pointer(copied);
-    } else {
-        generations[lutex->gen].lutexes =
-          (struct lutex *) native_pointer(copied);
-    }
-
-    return copied;
-}
-
-static long
-size_lutex(lispobj *where)
-{
-    return CEILING(sizeof(struct lutex)/sizeof(lispobj), 2);
-}
-#endif /* LUTEX_WIDETAG */
-
 \f
 /*
  * weak pointers
@@ -2214,306 +2111,6 @@ search_dynamic_space(void *pointer)
                             (lispobj *)pointer));
 }
 
-/* Helper for valid_lisp_pointer_p and
- * possibly_valid_dynamic_space_pointer.
- *
- * pointer is the pointer to validate, and start_addr is the address
- * of the enclosing object.
- */
-static int
-looks_like_valid_lisp_pointer_p(lispobj *pointer, lispobj *start_addr)
-{
-    if (!is_lisp_pointer((lispobj)pointer)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    /* Check that the object pointed to is consistent with the pointer
-     * low tag. */
-    switch (lowtag_of((lispobj)pointer)) {
-    case FUN_POINTER_LOWTAG:
-        /* Start_addr should be the enclosing code object, or a closure
-         * header. */
-        switch (widetag_of(*start_addr)) {
-        case CODE_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-            /* This case is probably caught above. */
-            break;
-        case CLOSURE_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-        case FUNCALLABLE_INSTANCE_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-            if ((unsigned long)pointer !=
-                ((unsigned long)start_addr+FUN_POINTER_LOWTAG)) {
-                if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                    FSHOW((stderr,
-                           "/Wf2: %x %x %x\n",
-                           pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-                }
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "/Wf3: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        break;
-    case LIST_POINTER_LOWTAG:
-        if ((unsigned long)pointer !=
-            ((unsigned long)start_addr+LIST_POINTER_LOWTAG)) {
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "/Wl1: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        /* Is it plausible cons? */
-        if ((is_lisp_pointer(start_addr[0]) ||
-             is_lisp_immediate(start_addr[0])) &&
-            (is_lisp_pointer(start_addr[1]) ||
-             is_lisp_immediate(start_addr[1])))
-            break;
-        else {
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "/Wl2: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-    case INSTANCE_POINTER_LOWTAG:
-        if ((unsigned long)pointer !=
-            ((unsigned long)start_addr+INSTANCE_POINTER_LOWTAG)) {
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "/Wi1: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (widetag_of(start_addr[0]) != INSTANCE_HEADER_WIDETAG) {
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "/Wi2: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        break;
-    case OTHER_POINTER_LOWTAG:
-
-#if !defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) && !defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
-        /* The all-architecture test below is good as far as it goes,
-         * but an LRA object is similar to a FUN-POINTER: It is
-         * embedded within a CODE-OBJECT pointed to by start_addr, and
-         * cannot be found by simply walking the heap, therefore we
-         * need to check for it. -- AB, 2010-Jun-04 */
-        if ((widetag_of(start_addr[0]) == CODE_HEADER_WIDETAG)) {
-            lispobj *potential_lra =
-                (lispobj *)(((unsigned long)pointer) - OTHER_POINTER_LOWTAG);
-            if ((widetag_of(potential_lra[0]) == RETURN_PC_HEADER_WIDETAG) &&
-                ((potential_lra - HeaderValue(potential_lra[0])) == start_addr)) {
-                return 1; /* It's as good as we can verify. */
-            }
-        }
-#endif
-
-        if ((unsigned long)pointer !=
-            ((unsigned long)start_addr+OTHER_POINTER_LOWTAG)) {
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "/Wo1: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        /* Is it plausible?  Not a cons. XXX should check the headers. */
-        if (is_lisp_pointer(start_addr[0]) || ((start_addr[0] & 3) == 0)) {
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "/Wo2: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        switch (widetag_of(start_addr[0])) {
-        case UNBOUND_MARKER_WIDETAG:
-        case NO_TLS_VALUE_MARKER_WIDETAG:
-        case CHARACTER_WIDETAG:
-#if N_WORD_BITS == 64
-        case SINGLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "*Wo3: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-
-            /* only pointed to by function pointers? */
-        case CLOSURE_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-        case FUNCALLABLE_INSTANCE_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "*Wo4: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-
-        case INSTANCE_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "*Wo5: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-
-            /* the valid other immediate pointer objects */
-        case SIMPLE_VECTOR_WIDETAG:
-        case RATIO_WIDETAG:
-        case COMPLEX_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef COMPLEX_SINGLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG
-        case COMPLEX_SINGLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef COMPLEX_DOUBLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG
-        case COMPLEX_DOUBLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef COMPLEX_LONG_FLOAT_WIDETAG
-        case COMPLEX_LONG_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_WIDETAG:
-        case COMPLEX_BASE_STRING_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef COMPLEX_CHARACTER_STRING_WIDETAG
-        case COMPLEX_CHARACTER_STRING_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-        case COMPLEX_VECTOR_NIL_WIDETAG:
-        case COMPLEX_BIT_VECTOR_WIDETAG:
-        case COMPLEX_VECTOR_WIDETAG:
-        case COMPLEX_ARRAY_WIDETAG:
-        case VALUE_CELL_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-        case SYMBOL_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-        case FDEFN_WIDETAG:
-        case CODE_HEADER_WIDETAG:
-        case BIGNUM_WIDETAG:
-#if N_WORD_BITS != 64
-        case SINGLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-        case DOUBLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef LONG_FLOAT_WIDETAG
-        case LONG_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-        case SIMPLE_BASE_STRING_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef SIMPLE_CHARACTER_STRING_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_CHARACTER_STRING_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-        case SIMPLE_BIT_VECTOR_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_NIL_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_4_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_7_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_8_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_15_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef  SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_29_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_29_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_31_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef  SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_60_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_60_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef  SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_63_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_63_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef  SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_64_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_64_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_8_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_8_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_30_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_30_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_61_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_61_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_64_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_64_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SINGLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_DOUBLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_LONG_FLOAT_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_LONG_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_COMPLEX_SINGLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_COMPLEX_SINGLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_COMPLEX_DOUBLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_COMPLEX_DOUBLE_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_COMPLEX_LONG_FLOAT_WIDETAG
-        case SIMPLE_ARRAY_COMPLEX_LONG_FLOAT_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-        case SAP_WIDETAG:
-        case WEAK_POINTER_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef LUTEX_WIDETAG
-        case LUTEX_WIDETAG:
-#endif
-            break;
-
-        default:
-            if (gencgc_verbose) {
-                FSHOW((stderr,
-                       "/Wo6: %x %x %x\n",
-                       pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        if (gencgc_verbose) {
-            FSHOW((stderr,
-                   "*W?: %x %x %x\n",
-                   pointer, start_addr, *start_addr));
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    /* looks good */
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/* Used by the debugger to validate possibly bogus pointers before
- * calling MAKE-LISP-OBJ on them.
- *
- * FIXME: We would like to make this perfect, because if the debugger
- * constructs a reference to a bugs lisp object, and it ends up in a
- * location scavenged by the GC all hell breaks loose.
- *
- * Whereas possibly_valid_dynamic_space_pointer has to be conservative
- * and return true for all valid pointers, this could actually be eager
- * and lie about a few pointers without bad results... but that should
- * be reflected in the name.
- */
-int
-valid_lisp_pointer_p(lispobj *pointer)
-{
-    lispobj *start;
-    if (((start=search_dynamic_space(pointer))!=NULL) ||
-        ((start=search_static_space(pointer))!=NULL) ||
-        ((start=search_read_only_space(pointer))!=NULL))
-        return looks_like_valid_lisp_pointer_p(pointer, start);
-    else
-        return 0;
-}
-
 #if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
 
 /* Is there any possibility that pointer is a valid Lisp object
@@ -2533,6 +2130,8 @@ possibly_valid_dynamic_space_pointer(lispobj *pointer)
     return looks_like_valid_lisp_pointer_p(pointer, start_addr);
 }
 
+#endif  // defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
+
 /* Adjust large bignum and vector objects. This will adjust the
  * allocated region if the size has shrunk, and move unboxed objects
  * into unboxed pages. The pages are not promoted here, and the
@@ -2571,14 +2170,11 @@ maybe_adjust_large_object(lispobj *where)
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_8_WIDETAG:
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_15_WIDETAG:
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef  SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_29_WIDETAG
-    case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_29_WIDETAG:
-#endif
+
+    case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_FIXNUM_WIDETAG:
+
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_31_WIDETAG:
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_60_WIDETAG
-    case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_60_WIDETAG:
-#endif
 #ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_63_WIDETAG
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_63_WIDETAG:
 #endif
@@ -2591,15 +2187,12 @@ maybe_adjust_large_object(lispobj *where)
 #ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG:
 #endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_30_WIDETAG
-    case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_30_WIDETAG:
-#endif
+
+    case SIMPLE_ARRAY_FIXNUM_WIDETAG:
+
 #ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG:
 #endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_61_WIDETAG
-    case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_61_WIDETAG:
-#endif
 #ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_64_WIDETAG
     case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_64_WIDETAG:
 #endif
@@ -2639,20 +2232,20 @@ maybe_adjust_large_object(lispobj *where)
 
     next_page = first_page;
     remaining_bytes = nwords*N_WORD_BYTES;
-    while (remaining_bytes > PAGE_BYTES) {
+    while (remaining_bytes > GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) {
         gc_assert(page_table[next_page].gen == from_space);
         gc_assert(page_allocated_no_region_p(next_page));
         gc_assert(page_table[next_page].large_object);
         gc_assert(page_table[next_page].region_start_offset ==
                   npage_bytes(next_page-first_page));
-        gc_assert(page_table[next_page].bytes_used == PAGE_BYTES);
+        gc_assert(page_table[next_page].bytes_used == GENCGC_CARD_BYTES);
 
         page_table[next_page].allocated = boxed;
 
         /* Shouldn't be write-protected at this stage. Essential that the
          * pages aren't. */
         gc_assert(!page_table[next_page].write_protected);
-        remaining_bytes -= PAGE_BYTES;
+        remaining_bytes -= GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
         next_page++;
     }
 
@@ -2674,7 +2267,7 @@ maybe_adjust_large_object(lispobj *where)
 
     /* Free any remaining pages; needs care. */
     next_page++;
-    while ((old_bytes_used == PAGE_BYTES) &&
+    while ((old_bytes_used == GENCGC_CARD_BYTES) &&
            (page_table[next_page].gen == from_space) &&
            page_allocated_no_region_p(next_page) &&
            page_table[next_page].large_object &&
@@ -2742,7 +2335,7 @@ preserve_pointer(void *addr)
     /* quick check 2: Check the offset within the page.
      *
      */
-    if (((unsigned long)addr & (PAGE_BYTES - 1)) >
+    if (((unsigned long)addr & (GENCGC_CARD_BYTES - 1)) >
         page_table[addr_page_index].bytes_used)
         return;
 
@@ -2751,11 +2344,17 @@ preserve_pointer(void *addr)
      * address referring to something in a CodeObject). This is
      * expensive but important, since it vastly reduces the
      * probability that random garbage will be bogusly interpreted as
-     * a pointer which prevents a page from moving. */
+     * a pointer which prevents a page from moving.
+     *
+     * This only needs to happen on x86oids, where this is used for
+     * conservative roots.  Non-x86oid systems only ever call this
+     * function on known-valid lisp objects. */
+#if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
     if (!(code_page_p(addr_page_index)
           || (is_lisp_pointer((lispobj)addr) &&
               possibly_valid_dynamic_space_pointer(addr))))
         return;
+#endif
 
     /* Find the beginning of the region.  Note that there may be
      * objects in the region preceding the one that we were passed a
@@ -2771,7 +2370,7 @@ preserve_pointer(void *addr)
     while (page_table[first_page].region_start_offset != 0) {
         --first_page;
         /* Do some checks. */
-        gc_assert(page_table[first_page].bytes_used == PAGE_BYTES);
+        gc_assert(page_table[first_page].bytes_used == GENCGC_CARD_BYTES);
         gc_assert(page_table[first_page].gen == from_space);
         gc_assert(page_table[first_page].allocated == region_allocation);
     }
@@ -2788,7 +2387,7 @@ preserve_pointer(void *addr)
         if (page_free_p(addr_page_index)
             || (page_table[addr_page_index].bytes_used == 0)
             /* Check the offset within the page. */
-            || (((unsigned long)addr & (PAGE_BYTES - 1))
+            || (((unsigned long)addr & (GENCGC_CARD_BYTES - 1))
                 > page_table[addr_page_index].bytes_used)) {
             FSHOW((stderr,
                    "weird? ignore ptr 0x%x to freed area of large object\n",
@@ -2822,8 +2421,8 @@ preserve_pointer(void *addr)
         gc_assert(!page_table[i].write_protected);
 
         /* Check whether this is the last page in this contiguous block.. */
-        if ((page_table[i].bytes_used < PAGE_BYTES)
-            /* ..or it is PAGE_BYTES and is the last in the block */
+        if ((page_table[i].bytes_used < GENCGC_CARD_BYTES)
+            /* ..or it is CARD_BYTES and is the last in the block */
             || page_free_p(i+1)
             || (page_table[i+1].bytes_used == 0) /* next page free */
             || (page_table[i+1].gen != from_space) /* diff. gen */
@@ -2834,9 +2433,6 @@ preserve_pointer(void *addr)
     /* Check that the page is now static. */
     gc_assert(page_table[addr_page_index].dont_move != 0);
 }
-
-#endif  // defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
-
 \f
 /* If the given page is not write-protected, then scan it for pointers
  * to younger generations or the top temp. generation, if no
@@ -2901,7 +2497,7 @@ update_page_write_prot(page_index_t page)
         /*FSHOW((stderr, "/write-protecting page %d gen %d\n", page, gen));*/
 
         os_protect((void *)page_addr,
-                   PAGE_BYTES,
+                   GENCGC_CARD_BYTES,
                    OS_VM_PROT_READ|OS_VM_PROT_EXECUTE);
 
         /* Note the page as protected in the page tables. */
@@ -2944,7 +2540,7 @@ static void
 scavenge_generations(generation_index_t from, generation_index_t to)
 {
     page_index_t i;
-    int num_wp = 0;
+    page_index_t num_wp = 0;
 
 #define SC_GEN_CK 0
 #if SC_GEN_CK
@@ -2970,8 +2566,8 @@ scavenge_generations(generation_index_t from, generation_index_t to)
             for (last_page = i; ; last_page++) {
                 write_protected =
                     write_protected && page_table[last_page].write_protected;
-                if ((page_table[last_page].bytes_used < PAGE_BYTES)
-                    /* Or it is PAGE_BYTES and is the last in the block */
+                if ((page_table[last_page].bytes_used < GENCGC_CARD_BYTES)
+                    /* Or it is CARD_BYTES and is the last in the block */
                     || (!page_boxed_p(last_page+1))
                     || (page_table[last_page+1].bytes_used == 0)
                     || (page_table[last_page+1].gen != generation)
@@ -3086,8 +2682,8 @@ scavenge_newspace_generation_one_scan(generation_index_t generation)
 
                 /* Check whether this is the last page in this
                  * contiguous block */
-                if ((page_table[last_page].bytes_used < PAGE_BYTES)
-                    /* Or it is PAGE_BYTES and is the last in the block */
+                if ((page_table[last_page].bytes_used < GENCGC_CARD_BYTES)
+                    /* Or it is CARD_BYTES and is the last in the block */
                     || (!page_boxed_p(last_page+1))
                     || (page_table[last_page+1].bytes_used == 0)
                     || (page_table[last_page+1].gen != generation)
@@ -3234,16 +2830,19 @@ scavenge_newspace_generation(generation_index_t generation)
     record_new_objects = 0;
 
 #if SC_NS_GEN_CK
-    /* Check that none of the write_protected pages in this generation
-     * have been written to. */
-    for (i = 0; i < page_table_pages; i++) {
-        if (page_allocated_p(i)
-            && (page_table[i].bytes_used != 0)
-            && (page_table[i].gen == generation)
-            && (page_table[i].write_protected_cleared != 0)
-            && (page_table[i].dont_move == 0)) {
-            lose("write protected page %d written to in scavenge_newspace_generation\ngeneration=%d dont_move=%d\n",
-                 i, generation, page_table[i].dont_move);
+    {
+        page_index_t i;
+        /* Check that none of the write_protected pages in this generation
+         * have been written to. */
+        for (i = 0; i < page_table_pages; i++) {
+            if (page_allocated_p(i)
+                && (page_table[i].bytes_used != 0)
+                && (page_table[i].gen == generation)
+                && (page_table[i].write_protected_cleared != 0)
+                && (page_table[i].dont_move == 0)) {
+                lose("write protected page %d written to in scavenge_newspace_generation\ngeneration=%d dont_move=%d\n",
+                     i, generation, page_table[i].dont_move);
+            }
         }
     }
 #endif
@@ -3275,16 +2874,16 @@ unprotect_oldspace(void)
                 if (!region_addr) {
                     /* First region. */
                     region_addr = page_addr;
-                    region_bytes = PAGE_BYTES;
+                    region_bytes = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
                 } else if (region_addr + region_bytes == page_addr) {
                     /* Region continue. */
-                    region_bytes += PAGE_BYTES;
+                    region_bytes += GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
                 } else {
                     /* Unprotect previous region. */
                     os_protect(region_addr, region_bytes, OS_VM_PROT_ALL);
                     /* First page in new region. */
                     region_addr = page_addr;
-                    region_bytes = PAGE_BYTES;
+                    region_bytes = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -3589,14 +3188,11 @@ verify_space(lispobj *start, size_t words)
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_8_WIDETAG:
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_15_WIDETAG:
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_29_WIDETAG
-                case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_29_WIDETAG:
-#endif
+
+                case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_FIXNUM_WIDETAG:
+
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_31_WIDETAG:
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_60_WIDETAG
-                case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_60_WIDETAG:
-#endif
 #ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_63_WIDETAG
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_UNSIGNED_BYTE_63_WIDETAG:
 #endif
@@ -3609,15 +3205,12 @@ verify_space(lispobj *start, size_t words)
 #ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_16_WIDETAG:
 #endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_30_WIDETAG
-                case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_30_WIDETAG:
-#endif
+
+                case SIMPLE_ARRAY_FIXNUM_WIDETAG:
+
 #ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_32_WIDETAG:
 #endif
-#ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_61_WIDETAG
-                case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_61_WIDETAG:
-#endif
 #ifdef SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_64_WIDETAG
                 case SIMPLE_ARRAY_SIGNED_BYTE_64_WIDETAG:
 #endif
@@ -3637,9 +3230,6 @@ verify_space(lispobj *start, size_t words)
 #endif
                 case SAP_WIDETAG:
                 case WEAK_POINTER_WIDETAG:
-#ifdef LUTEX_WIDETAG
-                case LUTEX_WIDETAG:
-#endif
 #ifdef NO_TLS_VALUE_MARKER_WIDETAG
                 case NO_TLS_VALUE_MARKER_WIDETAG:
 #endif
@@ -3706,8 +3296,8 @@ verify_generation(generation_index_t generation)
             for (last_page = i; ;last_page++)
                 /* Check whether this is the last page in this contiguous
                  * block. */
-                if ((page_table[last_page].bytes_used < PAGE_BYTES)
-                    /* Or it is PAGE_BYTES and is the last in the block */
+                if ((page_table[last_page].bytes_used < GENCGC_CARD_BYTES)
+                    /* Or it is CARD_BYTES and is the last in the block */
                     || (page_table[last_page+1].allocated != region_allocation)
                     || (page_table[last_page+1].bytes_used == 0)
                     || (page_table[last_page+1].gen != generation)
@@ -3742,7 +3332,7 @@ verify_zero_fill(void)
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            long free_bytes = PAGE_BYTES - page_table[page].bytes_used;
+            long free_bytes = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES - page_table[page].bytes_used;
             if (free_bytes > 0) {
                 long *start_addr = (long *)((unsigned long)page_address(page)
                                           + page_table[page].bytes_used);
@@ -3822,169 +3412,19 @@ write_protect_generation_pages(generation_index_t generation)
 }
 
 #if !defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) && !defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
-
 static void
-scavenge_control_stack()
+scavenge_control_stack(struct thread *th)
 {
-    unsigned long control_stack_size;
-
-    /* This is going to be a big problem when we try to port threads
-     * to PPC... CLH */
-    struct thread *th = arch_os_get_current_thread();
     lispobj *control_stack =
         (lispobj *)(th->control_stack_start);
+    unsigned long control_stack_size =
+        access_control_stack_pointer(th) - control_stack;
 
-    control_stack_size = current_control_stack_pointer - control_stack;
     scavenge(control_stack, control_stack_size);
-
-    /* Scrub the unscavenged control stack space, so that we can't run
-     * into any stale pointers in a later GC. */
-    scrub_control_stack();
-}
-
-/* Scavenging Interrupt Contexts */
-
-static int boxed_registers[] = BOXED_REGISTERS;
-
-static void
-scavenge_interrupt_context(os_context_t * context)
-{
-    int i;
-
-#ifdef reg_LIP
-    unsigned long lip;
-    unsigned long lip_offset;
-    int lip_register_pair;
-#endif
-    unsigned long pc_code_offset;
-
-#ifdef ARCH_HAS_LINK_REGISTER
-    unsigned long lr_code_offset;
-#endif
-#ifdef ARCH_HAS_NPC_REGISTER
-    unsigned long npc_code_offset;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef reg_LIP
-    /* Find the LIP's register pair and calculate it's offset */
-    /* before we scavenge the context. */
-
-    /*
-     * I (RLT) think this is trying to find the boxed register that is
-     * closest to the LIP address, without going past it.  Usually, it's
-     * reg_CODE or reg_LRA.  But sometimes, nothing can be found.
-     */
-    lip = *os_context_register_addr(context, reg_LIP);
-    lip_offset = 0x7FFFFFFF;
-    lip_register_pair = -1;
-    for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(boxed_registers) / sizeof(int)); i++) {
-        unsigned long reg;
-        long offset;
-        int index;
-
-        index = boxed_registers[i];
-        reg = *os_context_register_addr(context, index);
-        if ((reg & ~((1L<<N_LOWTAG_BITS)-1)) <= lip) {
-            offset = lip - reg;
-            if (offset < lip_offset) {
-                lip_offset = offset;
-                lip_register_pair = index;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#endif /* reg_LIP */
-
-    /* Compute the PC's offset from the start of the CODE */
-    /* register. */
-    pc_code_offset = *os_context_pc_addr(context)
-        - *os_context_register_addr(context, reg_CODE);
-#ifdef ARCH_HAS_NPC_REGISTER
-    npc_code_offset = *os_context_npc_addr(context)
-        - *os_context_register_addr(context, reg_CODE);
-#endif /* ARCH_HAS_NPC_REGISTER */
-
-#ifdef ARCH_HAS_LINK_REGISTER
-    lr_code_offset =
-        *os_context_lr_addr(context) -
-        *os_context_register_addr(context, reg_CODE);
-#endif
-
-    /* Scanvenge all boxed registers in the context. */
-    for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(boxed_registers) / sizeof(int)); i++) {
-        int index;
-        lispobj foo;
-
-        index = boxed_registers[i];
-        foo = *os_context_register_addr(context, index);
-        scavenge(&foo, 1);
-        *os_context_register_addr(context, index) = foo;
-
-        scavenge((lispobj*) &(*os_context_register_addr(context, index)), 1);
-    }
-
-#ifdef reg_LIP
-    /* Fix the LIP */
-
-    /*
-     * But what happens if lip_register_pair is -1?
-     * *os_context_register_addr on Solaris (see
-     * solaris_register_address in solaris-os.c) will return
-     * &context->uc_mcontext.gregs[2]. But gregs[2] is REG_nPC. Is
-     * that what we really want? My guess is that that is not what we
-     * want, so if lip_register_pair is -1, we don't touch reg_LIP at
-     * all. But maybe it doesn't really matter if LIP is trashed?
-     */
-    if (lip_register_pair >= 0) {
-        *os_context_register_addr(context, reg_LIP) =
-            *os_context_register_addr(context, lip_register_pair)
-            + lip_offset;
-    }
-#endif /* reg_LIP */
-
-    /* Fix the PC if it was in from space */
-    if (from_space_p(*os_context_pc_addr(context)))
-        *os_context_pc_addr(context) =
-            *os_context_register_addr(context, reg_CODE) + pc_code_offset;
-
-#ifdef ARCH_HAS_LINK_REGISTER
-    /* Fix the LR ditto; important if we're being called from
-     * an assembly routine that expects to return using blr, otherwise
-     * harmless */
-    if (from_space_p(*os_context_lr_addr(context)))
-        *os_context_lr_addr(context) =
-            *os_context_register_addr(context, reg_CODE) + lr_code_offset;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef ARCH_HAS_NPC_REGISTER
-    if (from_space_p(*os_context_npc_addr(context)))
-        *os_context_npc_addr(context) =
-            *os_context_register_addr(context, reg_CODE) + npc_code_offset;
-#endif /* ARCH_HAS_NPC_REGISTER */
 }
-
-void
-scavenge_interrupt_contexts(void)
-{
-    int i, index;
-    os_context_t *context;
-
-    struct thread *th=arch_os_get_current_thread();
-
-    index = fixnum_value(SymbolValue(FREE_INTERRUPT_CONTEXT_INDEX,0));
-
-#if defined(DEBUG_PRINT_CONTEXT_INDEX)
-    printf("Number of active contexts: %d\n", index);
 #endif
 
-    for (i = 0; i < index; i++) {
-        context = th->interrupt_contexts[i];
-        scavenge_interrupt_context(context);
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
-
-#if defined(LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD)
+#if defined(LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD) && (defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64))
 static void
 preserve_context_registers (os_context_t *c)
 {
@@ -4035,9 +3475,8 @@ garbage_collect_generation(generation_index_t generation, int raise)
     unsigned long bytes_freed;
     page_index_t i;
     unsigned long static_space_size;
-#if defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86) || defined(LISP_FEATURE_X86_64)
     struct thread *th;
-#endif
+
     gc_assert(generation <= HIGHEST_NORMAL_GENERATION);
 
     /* The oldest generation can't be raised. */
@@ -4049,10 +3488,6 @@ garbage_collect_generation(generation_index_t generation, int raise)
     /* Initialize the weak pointer list. */
     weak_pointers = NULL;
 
-#ifdef LUTEX_WIDETAG
-    unmark_lutexes(generation);
-#endif
-
     /* When a generation is not being raised it is transported to a
      * temporary generation (NUM_GENERATIONS), and lowered when
      * done. Set up this new generation. There should be no pages
@@ -4137,6 +3572,19 @@ garbage_collect_generation(generation_index_t generation, int raise)
             }
         }
     }
+#else
+    /* Non-x86oid systems don't have "conservative roots" as such, but
+     * the same mechanism is used for objects pinned for use by alien
+     * code. */
+    for_each_thread(th) {
+        lispobj pin_list = SymbolTlValue(PINNED_OBJECTS,th);
+        while (pin_list != NIL) {
+            struct cons *list_entry =
+                (struct cons *)native_pointer(pin_list);
+            preserve_pointer(list_entry->car);
+            pin_list = list_entry->cdr;
+        }
+    }
 #endif
 
 #if QSHOW
@@ -4156,8 +3604,18 @@ garbage_collect_generation(generation_index_t generation, int raise)
      * If not x86, we need to scavenge the interrupt context(s) and the
      * control stack.
      */
-    scavenge_interrupt_contexts();
-    scavenge_control_stack();
+    {
+        struct thread *th;
+        for_each_thread(th) {
+            scavenge_interrupt_contexts(th);
+            scavenge_control_stack(th);
+        }
+
+        /* Scrub the unscavenged control stack space, so that we can't run
+         * into any stale pointers in a later GC (this is done by the
+         * stop-for-gc handler in the other threads). */
+        scrub_control_stack();
+    }
 #endif
 
     /* Scavenge the Lisp functions of the interrupt handlers, taking
@@ -4178,7 +3636,7 @@ garbage_collect_generation(generation_index_t generation, int raise)
             scavenge((lispobj *) th->binding_stack_start,len);
 #ifdef LISP_FEATURE_SB_THREAD
             /* do the tls as well */
-            len=fixnum_value(SymbolValue(FREE_TLS_INDEX,0)) -
+            len=(SymbolValue(FREE_TLS_INDEX,0) >> WORD_SHIFT) -
                 (sizeof (struct thread))/(sizeof (lispobj));
             scavenge((lispobj *) (th+1),len);
 #endif
@@ -4235,8 +3693,8 @@ garbage_collect_generation(generation_index_t generation, int raise)
     /* As a check re-scavenge the newspace once; no new objects should
      * be found. */
     {
-        long old_bytes_allocated = bytes_allocated;
-        long bytes_allocated;
+        os_vm_size_t old_bytes_allocated = bytes_allocated;
+        os_vm_size_t bytes_allocated;
 
         /* Start with a full scavenge. */
         scavenge_newspace_generation_one_scan(new_space);
@@ -4299,11 +3757,6 @@ garbage_collect_generation(generation_index_t generation, int raise)
     else
         ++generations[generation].num_gc;
 
-#ifdef LUTEX_WIDETAG
-    reap_lutexes(generation);
-    if (raise)
-        move_lutexes(generation, generation+1);
-#endif
 }
 
 /* Update last_free_page, then SymbolValue(ALLOCATION_POINTER). */
@@ -4323,32 +3776,54 @@ update_dynamic_space_free_pointer(void)
 }
 
 static void
-remap_free_pages (page_index_t from, page_index_t to)
+remap_page_range (page_index_t from, page_index_t to)
+{
+    /* There's a mysterious Solaris/x86 problem with using mmap
+     * tricks for memory zeroing. See sbcl-devel thread
+     * "Re: patch: standalone executable redux".
+     */
+#if defined(LISP_FEATURE_SUNOS)
+    zero_and_mark_pages(from, to);
+#else
+    const page_index_t
+            release_granularity = gencgc_release_granularity/GENCGC_CARD_BYTES,
+                   release_mask = release_granularity-1,
+                            end = to+1,
+                   aligned_from = (from+release_mask)&~release_mask,
+                    aligned_end = (end&~release_mask);
+
+    if (aligned_from < aligned_end) {
+        zero_pages_with_mmap(aligned_from, aligned_end-1);
+        if (aligned_from != from)
+            zero_and_mark_pages(from, aligned_from-1);
+        if (aligned_end != end)
+            zero_and_mark_pages(aligned_end, end-1);
+    } else {
+        zero_and_mark_pages(from, to);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+remap_free_pages (page_index_t from, page_index_t to, int forcibly)
 {
     page_index_t first_page, last_page;
 
+    if (forcibly)
+        return remap_page_range(from, to);
+
     for (first_page = from; first_page <= to; first_page++) {
         if (page_allocated_p(first_page) ||
-            (page_table[first_page].need_to_zero == 0)) {
+            (page_table[first_page].need_to_zero == 0))
             continue;
-        }
 
         last_page = first_page + 1;
         while (page_free_p(last_page) &&
-               (last_page < to) &&
-               (page_table[last_page].need_to_zero == 1)) {
+               (last_page <= to) &&
+               (page_table[last_page].need_to_zero == 1))
             last_page++;
-        }
 
-        /* There's a mysterious Solaris/x86 problem with using mmap
-         * tricks for memory zeroing. See sbcl-devel thread
-         * "Re: patch: standalone executable redux".
-         */
-#if defined(LISP_FEATURE_SUNOS)
-        zero_pages(first_page, last_page-1);
-#else
-        zero_pages_with_mmap(first_page, last_page-1);
-#endif
+        remap_page_range(first_page, last_page-1);
 
         first_page = last_page;
     }
@@ -4375,6 +3850,7 @@ collect_garbage(generation_index_t last_gen)
     static page_index_t high_water_mark = 0;
 
     FSHOW((stderr, "/entering collect_garbage(%d)\n", last_gen));
+    log_generation_stats(gc_logfile, "=== GC Start ===");
 
     gc_active_p = 1;
 
@@ -4493,12 +3969,13 @@ collect_garbage(generation_index_t last_gen)
     if (gen > small_generation_limit) {
         if (last_free_page > high_water_mark)
             high_water_mark = last_free_page;
-        remap_free_pages(0, high_water_mark);
+        remap_free_pages(0, high_water_mark, 0);
         high_water_mark = 0;
     }
 
     gc_active_p = 0;
 
+    log_generation_stats(gc_logfile, "=== GC End ===");
     SHOW("returning from collect_garbage");
 }
 
@@ -4510,7 +3987,7 @@ collect_garbage(generation_index_t last_gen)
 void
 gc_free_heap(void)
 {
-    page_index_t page;
+    page_index_t page, last_page;
 
     if (gencgc_verbose > 1) {
         SHOW("entering gc_free_heap");
@@ -4520,33 +3997,25 @@ gc_free_heap(void)
         /* Skip free pages which should already be zero filled. */
         if (page_allocated_p(page)) {
             void *page_start, *addr;
-
-            /* Mark the page free. The other slots are assumed invalid
-             * when it is a FREE_PAGE_FLAG and bytes_used is 0 and it
-             * should not be write-protected -- except that the
-             * generation is used for the current region but it sets
-             * that up. */
-            page_table[page].allocated = FREE_PAGE_FLAG;
-            page_table[page].bytes_used = 0;
+            for (last_page = page;
+                 (last_page < page_table_pages) && page_allocated_p(last_page);
+                 last_page++) {
+                /* Mark the page free. The other slots are assumed invalid
+                 * when it is a FREE_PAGE_FLAG and bytes_used is 0 and it
+                 * should not be write-protected -- except that the
+                 * generation is used for the current region but it sets
+                 * that up. */
+                page_table[page].allocated = FREE_PAGE_FLAG;
+                page_table[page].bytes_used = 0;
+                page_table[page].write_protected = 0;
+            }
 
 #ifndef LISP_FEATURE_WIN32 /* Pages already zeroed on win32? Not sure
                             * about this change. */
-            /* Zero the page. */
             page_start = (void *)page_address(page);
-
-            /* First, remove any write-protection. */
-            os_protect(page_start, PAGE_BYTES, OS_VM_PROT_ALL);
-            page_table[page].write_protected = 0;
-
-            os_invalidate(page_start,PAGE_BYTES);
-            addr = os_validate(page_start,PAGE_BYTES);
-            if (addr == NULL || addr != page_start) {
-                lose("gc_free_heap: page moved, 0x%08x ==> 0x%08x\n",
-                     page_start,
-                     addr);
-            }
-#else
-            page_table[page].write_protected = 0;
+            os_protect(page_start, npage_bytes(last_page-page), OS_VM_PROT_ALL);
+            remap_free_pages(page, last_page-1, 1);
+            page = last_page-1;
 #endif
         } else if (gencgc_zero_check_during_free_heap) {
             /* Double-check that the page is zero filled. */
@@ -4555,7 +4024,7 @@ gc_free_heap(void)
             gc_assert(page_free_p(page));
             gc_assert(page_table[page].bytes_used == 0);
             page_start = (long *)page_address(page);
-            for (i=0; i<1024; i++) {
+            for (i=0; i<GENCGC_CARD_BYTES/sizeof(long); i++) {
                 if (page_start[i] != 0) {
                     lose("free region not zero at %x\n", page_start + i);
                 }
@@ -4575,7 +4044,6 @@ gc_free_heap(void)
         generations[page].gc_trigger = 2000000;
         generations[page].num_gc = 0;
         generations[page].cum_sum_bytes_allocated = 0;
-        generations[page].lutexes = NULL;
     }
 
     if (gencgc_verbose > 1)
@@ -4604,9 +4072,19 @@ gc_init(void)
 
     /* Compute the number of pages needed for the dynamic space.
      * Dynamic space size should be aligned on page size. */
-    page_table_pages = dynamic_space_size/PAGE_BYTES;
+    page_table_pages = dynamic_space_size/GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
     gc_assert(dynamic_space_size == npage_bytes(page_table_pages));
 
+    /* Default nursery size to 5% of the total dynamic space size,
+     * min 1Mb. */
+    bytes_consed_between_gcs = dynamic_space_size/(os_vm_size_t)20;
+    if (bytes_consed_between_gcs < (1024*1024))
+        bytes_consed_between_gcs = 1024*1024;
+
+    /* The page_table must be allocated using "calloc" to initialize
+     * the page structures correctly. There used to be a separate
+     * initialization loop (now commented out; see below) but that was
+     * unnecessary and did hurt startup time. */
     page_table = calloc(page_table_pages, sizeof(struct page));
     gc_assert(page_table);
 
@@ -4614,22 +4092,40 @@ gc_init(void)
     scavtab[WEAK_POINTER_WIDETAG] = scav_weak_pointer;
     transother[SIMPLE_ARRAY_WIDETAG] = trans_boxed_large;
 
-#ifdef LUTEX_WIDETAG
-    scavtab[LUTEX_WIDETAG] = scav_lutex;
-    transother[LUTEX_WIDETAG] = trans_lutex;
-    sizetab[LUTEX_WIDETAG] = size_lutex;
-#endif
-
     heap_base = (void*)DYNAMIC_SPACE_START;
 
-    /* Initialize each page structure. */
-    for (i = 0; i < page_table_pages; i++) {
-        /* Initialize all pages as free. */
-        page_table[i].allocated = FREE_PAGE_FLAG;
-        page_table[i].bytes_used = 0;
-
-        /* Pages are not write-protected at startup. */
-        page_table[i].write_protected = 0;
+    /* The page structures are initialized implicitly when page_table
+     * is allocated with "calloc" above. Formerly we had the following
+     * explicit initialization here (comments converted to C99 style
+     * for readability as C's block comments don't nest):
+     *
+     * // Initialize each page structure.
+     * for (i = 0; i < page_table_pages; i++) {
+     *     // Initialize all pages as free.
+     *     page_table[i].allocated = FREE_PAGE_FLAG;
+     *     page_table[i].bytes_used = 0;
+     *
+     *     // Pages are not write-protected at startup.
+     *     page_table[i].write_protected = 0;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Without this loop the image starts up much faster when dynamic
+     * space is large -- which it is on 64-bit platforms already by
+     * default -- and when "calloc" for large arrays is implemented
+     * using copy-on-write of a page of zeroes -- which it is at least
+     * on Linux. In this case the pages that page_table_pages is stored
+     * in are mapped and cleared not before the corresponding part of
+     * dynamic space is used. For example, this saves clearing 16 MB of
+     * memory at startup if the page size is 4 KB and the size of
+     * dynamic space is 4 GB.
+     * FREE_PAGE_FLAG must be 0 for this to work correctly which is
+     * asserted below: */
+    {
+      /* Compile time assertion: If triggered, declares an array
+       * of dimension -1 forcing a syntax error. The intent of the
+       * assignment is to avoid an "unused variable" warning. */
+      char assert_free_page_flag_0[(FREE_PAGE_FLAG) ? -1 : 1];
+      assert_free_page_flag_0[0] = assert_free_page_flag_0[0];
     }
 
     bytes_allocated = 0;
@@ -4647,10 +4143,9 @@ gc_init(void)
         generations[i].num_gc = 0;
         generations[i].cum_sum_bytes_allocated = 0;
         /* the tune-able parameters */
-        generations[i].bytes_consed_between_gc = 2000000;
+        generations[i].bytes_consed_between_gc = bytes_consed_between_gcs;
         generations[i].number_of_gcs_before_promotion = 1;
         generations[i].minimum_age_before_gc = 0.75;
-        generations[i].lutexes = NULL;
     }
 
     /* Initialize gc_alloc. */
@@ -4680,7 +4175,7 @@ gencgc_pickup_dynamic(void)
           /* It is possible, though rare, for the saved page table
            * to contain free pages below alloc_ptr. */
           page_table[page].gen = gen;
-          page_table[page].bytes_used = PAGE_BYTES;
+          page_table[page].bytes_used = GENCGC_CARD_BYTES;
           page_table[page].large_object = 0;
           page_table[page].write_protected = 0;
           page_table[page].write_protected_cleared = 0;
@@ -4699,13 +4194,6 @@ gencgc_pickup_dynamic(void)
         page++;
     } while (page_address(page) < alloc_ptr);
 
-#ifdef LUTEX_WIDETAG
-    /* Lutexes have been registered in generation 0 by coreparse, and
-     * need to be moved to the right one manually.
-     */
-    move_lutexes(0, PSEUDO_STATIC_GENERATION);
-#endif
-
     last_free_page = page;
 
     generations[gen].bytes_allocated = npage_bytes(page);
@@ -4882,7 +4370,7 @@ gencgc_handle_wp_violation(void* fault_addr)
         gc_assert(ret == 0);
         if (page_table[page_index].write_protected) {
             /* Unprotect the page. */
-            os_protect(page_address(page_index), PAGE_BYTES, OS_VM_PROT_ALL);
+            os_protect(page_address(page_index), GENCGC_CARD_BYTES, OS_VM_PROT_ALL);
             page_table[page_index].write_protected_cleared = 1;
             page_table[page_index].write_protected = 0;
         } else {
@@ -4940,7 +4428,7 @@ zero_all_free_pages()
         if (page_free_p(i)) {
 #ifdef READ_PROTECT_FREE_PAGES
             os_protect(page_address(i),
-                       PAGE_BYTES,
+                       GENCGC_CARD_BYTES,
                        OS_VM_PROT_ALL);
 #endif
             zero_pages(i, i);
@@ -4978,7 +4466,8 @@ prepare_for_final_gc ()
  * SB!VM:RESTART-LISP-FUNCTION */
 void
 gc_and_save(char *filename, boolean prepend_runtime,
-            boolean save_runtime_options)
+            boolean save_runtime_options,
+            boolean compressed, int compression_level)
 {
     FILE *file;
     void *runtime_bytes = NULL;
@@ -5013,7 +4502,8 @@ gc_and_save(char *filename, boolean prepend_runtime,
     /* The dumper doesn't know that pages need to be zeroed before use. */
     zero_all_free_pages();
     save_to_filehandle(file, filename, SymbolValue(RESTART_LISP_FUNCTION,0),
-                       prepend_runtime, save_runtime_options);
+                       prepend_runtime, save_runtime_options,
+                       compressed ? compression_level : COMPRESSION_LEVEL_NONE);
     /* Oops. Save still managed to fail. Since we've mangled the stack
      * beyond hope, there's not much we can do.
      * (beyond FUNCALLing RESTART_LISP_FUNCTION, but I suspect that's